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Essays On The Economics Of Community College Students Academic And Labor Market Success
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Book Synopsis Essays on the Economics of Community College Students' Academic and Labor Market Success by : Mina Dadgar
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Community College Students' Academic and Labor Market Success written by Mina Dadgar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using an individual fixed effects identification strategy that compares trajectories of wages across individuals, we find positive and substantial wage returns to associate degrees and long-term certificates and no wage returns to short-term certificates, over and above wage increases for students who enrolled and earned some credits but never earned a credential or transferred. We also find that associate degrees tend to be awarded in low-returns fields, but that in almost any given field, the returns to associate degrees is higher than the returns to certificates.
Book Synopsis Essays on the Economics of Education by : Elizabeth Mary Kopko
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Elizabeth Mary Kopko and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given that the underlying motivation for introducing structure to community college pathways is to increase efficiency and success among students who have historically underperformed, it is important to evaluate whether encouraging students to earn a degree before transfer is a sound policy. The final chapter of the dissertation presents results from a propensity score matching technique used to determine the average treatment effect of earning a pre-transfer associate degree on bachelor’s degree completion. Overall, quasi-experimental results suggested positive apparent impacts of earning the transfer-oriented associate degree (i.e., Associate of Arts or Associate of Science) on the probability of earning a bachelor’s degree. However, no apparent impact was uncovered for degrees in programs typically designed for direct labor market entry (i.e., Associate of Applied Science).
Book Synopsis Handbook of the Economics of Education by :
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of the Economics of Education describes the research frontier in key topical areas and sets the agenda for further work. Modern analysis in the economics of education has made tremendous strides in understanding fundamental issues related to the production of human capital and the impact of varying institutional features of education systems. By bringing together some of the world's leading scholars, this volume provides a unique view of scholarship in the area. The international perspectives of the editors – Hanushek at Stanford, Machin at LSE, and Woessmann at Munich – leads to a volume with something for all researchers. Topics range from the economics of early childhood education to inequality in society to cash transfers in developing countries. - Identification and evaluation of the state of the art. - Clear descriptions of the meaning of existing research and the most likely avenues for the future - Insights into how policy interventions in education can help or hurt human capital outcomes
Book Synopsis How College Affects Students by : Matthew J. Mayhew
Download or read book How College Affects Students written by Matthew J. Mayhew and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling analysis of higher education's impact, updated with the latest data How College Affects Students synthesizes over 1,800 individual research investigations to provide a deeper understanding of how the undergraduate experience affects student populations. Volume 3 contains the findings accumulated between 2002 and 2013, covering diverse aspects of college impact, including cognitive and moral development, attitudes and values, psychosocial change, educational attainment, and the economic, career, and quality of life outcomes after college. Each chapter compares current findings with those of Volumes 1 and 2 (covering 1967 to 2001) and highlights the extent of agreement and disagreement in research findings over the past 45 years. The structure of each chapter allows readers to understand if and how college works and, of equal importance, for whom does it work. This book is an invaluable resource for administrators, faculty, policymakers, and student affairs practitioners, and provides key insight into the impact of their work. Higher education is under more intense scrutiny than ever before, and understanding its impact on students is critical for shaping the way forward. This book distills important research on a broad array of topics to provide a cohesive picture of student experiences and outcomes by: Reviewing a decade's worth of research; Comparing current findings with those of past decades; Examining a multifaceted analysis of higher education's impact; and Informing policy and practice with empirical evidence Amidst the current introspection and skepticism surrounding higher education, there is a massive body of research that must be synthesized to enhance understanding of college's effects. How College Affects Students compiles, organizes, and distills this information in one place, and makes it available to research and practitioner audiences; Volume 3 provides insight on the past decade, with the expert analysis characteristic of this seminal work.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Economics of Education by : Riley Acton
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education written by Riley Acton and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1: Effects of Reduced Community College Tuition on College Choices and Degree CompletionRecent efforts to increase college access concentrate on reducing tuition rates at community colleges, but researchers and policymakers alike have expressed concern that such reductions may not lead to long-run college completion gains. In this chapter, I use detailed data on students' college enrollment and completion outcomes to study how community college tuition rates affect students' outcomes across both public and private colleges. By exploiting spatial variation in tuition rates, I find that reducing tuition at a student's local community college by $1,000 increases enrollment at the college by 3.5 percentage points (18%) and reduces enrollment at non-local community colleges, for-profit institutions, and other private, vocationally-focused colleges, by 1.9 percentage points (15%). This shift in enrollment choices increases students' persistence in college, the number of credits they complete, and the probability that they transfer to and earn bachelor's degrees from four-year colleges.Chapter 2: Community College Program Choices in the Wake of Local Job LossesDeciding which field to study is one of the most consequential decisions college students make, but most research on the topic focuses on students attending four-year colleges. In this chapter, I study the extent to which community college students' program choices respond to changes in local labor market conditions in related occupations. To do so, I exploit the prevalence of mass layoffs and plant closings across counties, industries, and time, and create occupation-specific layoff measures that align closely with community college programs. I find that declines in local employment deter students from entering closely related community college programs and instead induce them to enroll in other vocationally-oriented programs. Using data on occupational skill composition, I document that students predominantly shift enrollment between programs that require similar skills. These effects are strongest when layoffs occur in business, health, and law enforcement occupations, as well as when they take place in rural counties.Chapter 3: Do Health Insurance Mandates Spillover to Education? Evidence from Michigan's Autism Insurance Mandate (with Scott Imberman and Michael Lovenheim)Social programs and mandates are usually studied in isolation, but interaction effects could create spillovers to other public goods. In this paper, we examine how health insurance coverage affects the education of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the context of state-mandated private therapy coverage. Since Medicaid benefits under the mandate were far weaker than under private insurance, we proxy for Medicaid ineligibility and estimate effects via triple-differences. We find little evidence of an overall shift in ASD identification, but we do find substantial crowd-out of special education services for students with ASD from the mandate. The mandate led to increased mainstreaming of students in general education classrooms and a reduction in special education support services like teacher consultants. There is little evidence of changes in achievement, which supports our interpretation of the service reductions as crowd-out.
Book Synopsis Financing Community Colleges by : David Breneman
Download or read book Financing Community Colleges written by David Breneman and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is by far the best study that I know of on community colleges. It comes at a critical time in the history of these institutions. It is carefully reasoned, beautifully written, and sound in its conclusions."—Howard R. Bowen; Professor of Economics and Education, Claremont Graduate School "...and excellent piece of work....Its quality is high and the book is significant. Its significance stems from the fact that it deals with an area of higher education not yet explored by other writings."—Earl F. Cheit; Dean, Schools of Business Administration; University of California, Berkeley "...a great job of describing and clarifying the issues....The book should become 'required reading' for our field...a very fine piece of work that will be a valuable tool for educators, students, and policy-makers."—Roger Yarrington; Vice President, Research and Development, American Association of Community and Junior Colleges "...a thorough job of compiling the pertinent data; of identifying key questions; and of focusing upon central, rather than tangential, issues....Leaders and policy-makers in community colleges and in governmental positions will undoubtedly find the work an invaluable resource."—Bill J. Priest; Chancellor Emeritus, Dallas County Community College District
Book Synopsis Making College Work by : Harry J. Holzer
Download or read book Making College Work written by Harry J. Holzer and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical solutions for improving higher education opportunities for disadvantaged students Too many disadvantaged college students in America do not complete their coursework or receive any college credential, while others earn degrees or certificates with little labor market value. Large numbers of these students also struggle to pay for college, and some incur debts that they have difficulty repaying. The authors provide a new review of the causes of these problems and offer promising policy solutions. The circumstances affecting disadvantaged students stem both from issues on the individual side, such as weak academic preparation and financial pressures, and from institutional failures. Low-income students disproportionately attend schools that are underfunded and have weak performance incentives, contributing to unsatisfactory outcomes for many students. Some solutions, including better financial aid or academic supports, target individual students. Other solutions, such as stronger linkages between coursework and the labor market and more structured paths through the curriculum, are aimed at institutional reforms. All students, and particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds, also need better and varied pathways both to college and directly to the job market, beginning in high school. We can improve college outcomes, but must also acknowledge that we must make hard choices and face difficult tradeoffs in the process. While no single policy is guaranteed to greatly improve college and career outcomes, implementing a number of evidence-based policies and programs together has the potential to improve these outcomes substantially.
Book Synopsis Community Colleges and the Labor Market by : Michel Grosz
Download or read book Community Colleges and the Labor Market written by Michel Grosz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community colleges enroll a third of all postsecondary students and have received increased attention in light of recent labor market changes. In this dissertation I study the connection between community colleges and the labor market, relying primarily on administrative student-level data from California. I estimate the value of a community college education and also explore to what extent colleges respond to long-term structural changes in the labor market. In the first chapter I estimate the earnings returns to all career-technical degrees and certificates in California. I use models that include individual fixed effects and individual trends. While generally positive, the returns vary across field of study and program length, with the largest returns in the health sector. In the second chapter I focus on the earnings returns to an associate's degree in nursing, which is a particularly large and important degree. I capitalize on random variation from admissions lotteries to produce causal estimates of the effect of the degree on earnings and employment, and find large effects. I find similar results using the individual fixed effects approach from the first chapter. I also show that there is substantial heterogeneity in earnings returns across nursing programs. In light of concerns about nursing shortages, I estimate that the economic value of expanding a nursing program far outweighs the costs. An implication of the second chapter is that certain community college programs may not expand enough to meet growing labor market demand. I explore this common critique of community colleges in the third chapter. I match California administrative data to occupation-level information from the Census. I first provide a descriptive picture of how the distribution of community college degrees and certificates compares to that of overall employment. Using a shift-share instrumental variables approach I then show that, since 1990, there has been a modest relationship between the change in an occupation’s share of total employment and its share of community college degrees and certificates. Together, the papers in this dissertation shed light on important, policy-relevant questions about an often-neglected yet crucial sector of the American postsecondary educational system
Book Synopsis The 21st-Century Community College: A Strategic Guild To Maximizing Labor Market Responsiveness, Vol. 2, September 2004 by :
Download or read book The 21st-Century Community College: A Strategic Guild To Maximizing Labor Market Responsiveness, Vol. 2, September 2004 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Labor Market Information on Community College Students' Major Choice by : Rachel Baker
Download or read book The Effect of Labor Market Information on Community College Students' Major Choice written by Rachel Baker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important goal of community colleges is to prepare students for the labor market. But are students aware of the labor market outcomes in different majors? And how much do students weigh labor market outcomes when choosing a major? In this study we find that less than 40% of a sample of community college students in California rank broad categories of majors accurately in terms of labor market outcomes. However, students believe that salaries are 13 percent higher than they actually are, on average, and students underestimate the probability of being employed by almost 25 percent. We find that the main determinants of major choice are beliefs about course enjoyment and grades, but expected labor market outcomes also matter. Experimental estimates of the impact of expected labor market outcomes are larger than OLS estimates and show that a 1% increase in salary is associated with a 1.4 to 1.8% increase in the probability of choosing a specific category of majors.
Book Synopsis Determining the Economic Benefits of Attending Community College by : Jorge R. Sanchez
Download or read book Determining the Economic Benefits of Attending Community College written by Jorge R. Sanchez and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 1998 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of administrative databases has enabled higher education coordinating boards to assess the post-college earnings of students who attend community colleges. Some states have developed comprehensive methodologies for tracking the economic success of students in a variety of fields. Not only educators, but also legislators and the public, have begun to focus more attention on employment data as a performance measure for community colleges. This issue addresses the growing debate surrounding the use of such databases and presents case studies from individual institutions. The chapters discuss various state initiatives that look at student outcomes and institutional accountability efforts and they raise a number of questions. Is there a broad movement to connect accountability and outcome measures with funding? Would a national definition of economic benefit be helpful? How would economic benefit be measured? These are some of the themes addressed in this volume. This is the 104th issue of the Jossey-Bass seriesNew Directions for Community Colleges.
Book Synopsis Community Colleges as Economic Engines by : Kjell A. Christophersen
Download or read book Community Colleges as Economic Engines written by Kjell A. Christophersen and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 19 years, Economic Modeling Specialists International (Emsi) has responded to the demand for credible and affordable economic impact studies by completing over 2000 such studies for colleges in the US, UK, Canada, and Australia. The book chronicles the lessons learned over this time period and highlights what an economic impact study is, is not, what the results mean, and why they are important. It also discusses how presidents and governing boards can leverage the impact results to address other issues they deal with on a daily basis. Few college presidents are fully aware of this opportunity, however, and thus do not fully exploit the richness of the study. A strong case is also made that the college leadership should play a much stronger leadership roles in regional economic development of their region in addition to their roles as advocates for their colleges only.
Book Synopsis Remaking College by : Mitchell Stevens
Download or read book Remaking College written by Mitchell Stevens and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-07 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1945 and 1990 the United States built the largest and most productive higher education system in world history. Over the last two decades, however, dramatic budget cuts to public academic services and skyrocketing tuition have made college completion more difficult for many. Nevertheless, the democratic promise of education and the global competition for educated workers mean ever growing demand. Remaking College considers this changing context, arguing that a growing accountability revolution, the push for greater efficiency and productivity, and the explosion of online learning are changing the character of higher education. Writing from a range of disciplines and professional backgrounds, the contributors each bring a unique perspective to the fate and future of U.S. higher education. By directing their focus to schools doing the lion's share of undergraduate instruction—community colleges, comprehensive public universities, and for-profit institutions—they imagine a future unencumbered by dominant notions of "traditional" students, linear models of achievement, and college as a four-year residential experience. The result is a collection rich with new tools for helping people make more informed decisions about college—for themselves, for their children, and for American society as a whole.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Working College Student by : Laura W. Perna
Download or read book Understanding the Working College Student written by Laura W. Perna and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-14 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How appropriate for today and for the future are the policies and practices of higher education that largely assume a norm of traditional-age students with minimal on-campus, or no, work commitments?Despite the fact that work is a fundamental part of life for nearly half of all undergraduate students – with a substantial number of “traditional” dependent undergraduates in employment, and working independent undergraduates averaging 34.5 hours per week – little attention has been given to how working influences the integration and engagement experiences of students who work, especially those who work full-time, or how the benefits and costs of working differ between traditional age-students and adult students.The high, and increasing, prevalence and intensity of working among both dependent and independent students raises a number of important questions for public policymakers, college administrators, faculty, academic advisors, student services and financial aid staff, and institutional and educational researchers, including: Why do so many college students work so many hours? What are the characteristics of undergraduates who work? What are the implications of working for students’ educational experiences and outcomes? And, how can public and institutional policymakers promote the educational success of undergraduate students who work? This book offers the most complete and comprehensive conceptualization of the “working college student” available. It provides a multi-faceted picture of the characteristics, experiences, and challenges of working college students and a more complete understanding of the heterogeneity underlying the label “undergraduates who work” and the implications of working for undergraduate students’ educational experiences and outcomes. The volume stresses the importance of recognizing the value and contribution of adult learners to higher education, and takes issue with the appropriateness of the term “non-traditional” itself, both because of the prevalence of this group, and because it allows higher education institutions to avoid considering changes that will meet the needs of this population, including changes in course offerings, course scheduling, financial aid, and pedagogy.
Book Synopsis The Costs of Completion by : Robin G. Isserles
Download or read book The Costs of Completion written by Robin G. Isserles and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To improve community college success, we need to consider the lived realities of students. Our nation's community colleges are facing a completion crisis. The college-going experience of too many students is interrupted, lengthening their time to completing a degree—or worse, causing many to drop out altogether. In The Costs of Completion, Robin G. Isserles contextualizes this crisis by placing blame on the neoliberal policies that have shaped public community colleges over the past thirty years. The disinvestment of state funding, she explains, has created austerity conditions, leading to an overreliance on contingent labor, excessive investments in advisement technologies, and a push to performance outcomes like retention and graduation rates for measuring student and institutional success. The prevailing theory at the root of the community college completion crisis—academic momentum—suggests that students need to build momentum in their first year by becoming academically integrated, thereby increasing their chances of graduating in a timely fashion. A host of what Isserles terms "innovative disruptions" have been implemented as a way to improve on community college completion, but because disruptions are primarily driven by degree attainment, Isserles argues that they place learning and developing as afterthoughts while ignoring the complex lives that define so many community college students. Drawing on more than twenty years of teaching, advising, and researching largely first-generation community college students as well as an analysis of five years of student enrollment patterns, college experiences, and life narratives, Isserles takes pains to center students and their experiences. She proposes initiatives created in accordance with a care ethic, which strive to not only get students through college—quantifying credit accumulation and the like—but also enable our most precarious students to flourish in a college environment. Ultimately, The Costs of Completion offers a deeper, more complex understanding of who community college students are, why and how they enroll, and what higher education institutions can do to better support them.
Book Synopsis Journal of Developmental Education by :
Download or read book Journal of Developmental Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unleashing the Power of the 21st Century Community College by : Keith MacAllum
Download or read book Unleashing the Power of the 21st Century Community College written by Keith MacAllum and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To help all community colleges unleash their potential for workforce and economic development, the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Vocational and Adult Education sponsored the Community College Labor Market Responsiveness (CCLMR) Initiative. This project sought to develop and disseminate information and tools enabling colleges to keep pace with the needs of a diverse student body and a dynamic labor market. In partnership with Westat, the Academy for Educational Development (AED) undertook this initiative in 2002. Their main goals were to: (1) determine the characteristics of a "market responsive" community college and identify the indicators and measures by which market responsiveness can be judged; (2) identify the policies and practices community colleges have put in place to facilitate and support labor market responsiveness; (3) pinpoint the steps colleges can take to improve labor market responsiveness and the quality of customized programs they offer to students; and (4) disseminate that knowledge to the field. The conclusions and recommendations drawn rely heavily upon case study analysis of more than 30 colleges in 10 diverse labor markets, especially hundreds of interviews and discussions conducted with college leaders, employers, and economic development professionals. The participating colleges, organized by labor market area, are presented in the appendix. The colleges in the study sample vary with respect to size, geographic location, overall budget, student populations, funding stream, and other variables reflecting the full range of community colleges in the U.S. To augment the case studies, we collected standardized data across all colleges using surveys and document review, conducted statistical analyses, reviewed the relevant literature, and consulted with experts. From the data collected, the Department of Education asked AED and Westat to develop a guidebook that college administrators could use to maximize their responsiveness to dynamic labor market conditions. Its main purpose is to identify ways college leaders can improve those programs and services that most directly affect the ability of citizens to succeed in today's demanding skill-based labor market and the ability of employers to compete in today's challenging global market. Titled "The 21st Century Community College: A Strategic Guide to Maximizing Labor Market Responsiveness," the guidebook is designed to accomplish three major goals: (1) share up-to-date information on labor market responsiveness; (2) offer practical guidance to college administrators seeking to take actions which will allow them to maximize their labor market responsiveness; and (3) encourage community college administrators to engage in a critical self-assessment process. This document offers an introduction to the guidebook and distills its main findings. Colleges in Labor Market Responsiveness Study Sample are appended. (Contains 4 notes.).
