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Author : Kristina Maria Zapp
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics and Applied Econometrics written by Kristina Maria Zapp and published by . This book was released on 2022* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Maria Adelaida Lopera
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics and Applied Econometrics written by Maria Adelaida Lopera and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a collection of three essays in labour economics and applied econometrics. The first two essays investigate workers productivity and their effort choice in a tree-planting firm. The third essay studies community cooperation in a public good experiment. Beyond the econometric techniques, the convergence point of this thesis is the question of how individuals incorporate external factors into their choices. How work fatigue affects productivity, how productivity shocks affect workers' choice of effort, and how social interactions affect community cooperation. Understanding and measuring the relevance of these external factors is important for designing incentives that influence individuals to act in a desired way. Appropriate incentives are the best way to regulate behaviour without imposing restrictions and rules that are costly to enforce and may create social frictions. From the first two chapters on productivity of tree planters two interesting findings stand out. First, workers' earnings can be increased by simply rearranging the working week in different work spells. This could be an inexpensive way for certain firms to increase their labour productivity. Second, planters' optimal choice of effort depends on productivity shocks. This means that effort incentives may have heterogenous effects due to the particular shocks experienced by each worker. From the third chapter, I find that involving community leaders in the decision of contributing or not to a public good enhance community cooperation. The presence of local leaders triggers cooperative behaviour that is unconditional and independent of the expected actions of other community members.
Author : Leonard Goff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Essays in Applied Econometrics and Labor Economics written by Leonard Goff and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We find persistent effects of a doctor's first job on earnings, specializations, and mid-career moves. We use the estimates to assess the replacement of the serial-dictatorship by a decentralized labor market in 2013, which we find led to a small increase in resident welfare.
Author : Fanghua Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Economics written by Fanghua Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis contribute towards the understanding of labor economics and applied econometrics; the thesis is made up of three chapters. The first chapter explores the causal effect of parents' social capital on the intergenerational occupational inertia in addition to individuals' labor market outcomes. A new data extract was constructed by re-weighting and combining the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to correct the selection biases induced by children's endogenous moving behaviors post-graduation. By exploiting the recent technological revolution and the resulting changes in occupational skill compositions measured by Dictionary of Titles (DOT) and its successor O*NET, it became possible to isolate the effect of inherited social capital from inherited human capital through a regression discontinuity design. Besides, a correction of the selection bias induced by the social capital advantage through children's occupational switching patterns after the first jobs was made. The results indicate that around 30% of individuals choose the same occupation as their parents for their first job; such people rely more on their parents' social connections in job hunting. Also, they enjoy a positive wage premium of about 5% of the percentile ranks of annual labor income for entry-level jobs but this positive effect fades away in the long-run. The second chapter studies the estimation and inference of nonlinear econometric model when the economic variables are contained in different datasets. We show that the unknown structural parameters of interest can be possibly uniquely identified if there are some common conditioning variables in different datasets. The identification result is constructive, which enables us to estimate the unknown parameters based on a simple minimum distance (MD) estimator. We study the asymptotic properties of the MD estimator and provide inference procedure. A simple model specification test on the key identification conditions is also provided. The third chapter provides an application example of the method developed in the second chapter. It is a long-standing problem in the empirical research that the economic variables are contained in different datasets. One well-accepted solution to this problem is the imputation method, which serves as a crucial step in the seminal work, Blundell, Pistaferri, and Preston (2008) studied the dynamic relationship between consumption and income, with consumption data from CEX and income data from PSID. In this chapter, we first prove that the imputation method is biased because they are significantly different from those based on true data, which is the newly available PSID from 1999 which includes both consumption and income data. Furthermore, we investigate the finite sample performance of our new method with this new PSID data and show that our method delivers comparable results with those based on the true data. We conclude that the imputation gives largely biased estimation compared to the real data results and the new estimator developed in Chapter 2 performs better. The three chapters share the same interests in the long-lasting question that how we can deal with the situation in which the economic variables or the study population is contained in different datasets. The first chapter starts off from the simplest scenario that the data set is complete in terms of variables but biased in terms of representativeness. The other two chapters deal with the other more difficult and more usual case that the data set is incomplete in terms of economic variables. We not only contribute methodologically by providing a new estimator but also implement the method in an important application case and discuss the implications.
Author : Lu Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics written by Lu Liu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contributes towards our understanding of Labor Economics and Applied Econometrics. It consists of three chapters. The first two chapters shed light on the determinants of female labor supply behavior by connecting theory to household-level data. The third chapter studies the nonlinear generalized method of moments (GMM) in dynamic panels and its application to value-added models of learning. In Chapter 1, I propose that the rising sex ratio (number of males per female) imbalance has been an important factor in the recent feminization of rural-to-urban migration in China. To establish this connection, I first develop a three-player noncooperative household model in which both the parents and the daughter contribute time or money to improve the well-being of sons. The local sex ratio can affect the players' choices via two channels: either by influencing the preference towards sons, or by imposing negative impact on sons' welfare due to intensified marriage market competition. My model predicts that daughters are more likely to participate in migratory work when the local sex ratio is higher. Drawing on data from Rural-Urban Migration in China Survey, I then test the hypothesis by comparing unmarried rural women with brothers and those without brothers when conditioning on family size. My identification strategy exploits the exogenous variation in the number of brothers a rural woman has that comes from the randomness in parental sibling structure. I show that an increase in the local sex ratio significantly raises the probability of becoming a migrant worker for unmarried rural women who have brothers, while no significant effect is observed among those without brothers. The positive link is stronger for rural women who have a larger number of brothers or whose brothers are relatively younger. I also discover that around 40% of the increase in rural female labor migration rate from 1990 to 2000 could be explained by the changes in the sex ratio. I further find evidence in favor of the marriage market pressure mechanism. Chapter 2 (joint work with Zhongda Li) examines the intergenerational determinants of women's labor force participation decision. Existing studies have established a positive correlation between a married woman's work behavior and her mother-in-law's. Such linkage is attributable to the profound influence of maternal employment on son's gender role preferences or household productivity. In this chapter we investigate the relative importance of the two potential mechanisms using the Chinese survey data. We show that a substantive part of the intergenerational correlation is left unexplained even if we control for the husband's gender role attitudes. Instead, we find that the husband's household productivity is more crucial in the wife's work decision, suggesting the dominance of the endowment channel over the preference channel. Chapter 3 develops a novel framework for constructing nonlinear moment conditions in dynamic panel data models. I demonstrate that the nonlinear GMM estimator considerably mitigates the classical weak identification problem arising from two data generating processes: (i) the autoregressive parameter is close to the unit circle; (ii) the ratio of variances of individual heterogeneity and idiosyncratic errors diverges to infinity. I further derive analytical expressions for the bias term of the linear and nonlinear GMM estimators, and show that the use of nonlinear moments results in smaller finite sample bias. In simulation studies, the nonlinear GMM estimator performs well compared to both the difference and system GMM estimators. As an empirical illustration, I estimate the effect of class size reduction and private school attendance on student academic achievement using a value-added model with learning dynamics.
Author : Gurleen Kaur Popli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Essays in Applied Econometrics written by Gurleen Kaur Popli and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jennifer Elizabeth Muz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339820279
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (22 download)
Download or read book Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by Jennifer Elizabeth Muz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis uses the tools of applied econometrics to study the impact of economic incentives on household welfare and decision-making and health and risk behaviors in the U.S. and in developing countries.The first chapter studies the impact of increasing access to credit among low-income households in Mexico. Banco Azteca opened 815 branches simultaneously in a popular retail chain store, Grupo Elektra, in October 2002. Although access to credit increased, affected households experience negative or null impacts on consumption expenditures and asset holdings. I argue that this because the bank encourages individual borrowers to use loans for consumption use at Grupo Elektra. This research demonstrates that the package within which the loan is offered is as important as the loan itself.The second chapter focuses on the impact of job loss to dual-earner married couples on household fertility decisions, drawing upon the recent experience of job loss during the Great Recession. I build two datasets, covering the years 2003-2011 that match job losses due to mass layoff events to fertility rates among married couples at the county-year and state-quarter level. I find that job losses have a negative impact on fertility. However, areas with more dual-earner households experience lesser declines in fertility rates in response to job losses, suggesting that dual-earner households are more likely to substitute toward child-rearing in response to job loss compared to single-earner households.The third chapter, joint with Lisa Cameron and Manisha Shah, exploits the criminalization of sex work in a district in East Java, Indonesia, and utilizes a unique dataset comprised of the first panel data on female sex workers and the first data on clients to estimate the impact of criminalizing sex work on health and risk behaviors. Criminalization increased STI rates among female sex workers by 58 percent. The main mechanism driving this increase is decreased access to condoms and increased non-condom use during commercial sex transactions. We rule out other mechanisms, such as increased transactions or clients per sex worker. This research presents new evidence that criminalizing sex work can put an already vulnerable population in a more precarious situation.
Author : Yanyue Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Essays in Public Economics and Advanced Applied Econometrics written by Yanyue Wang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores various research questions in public economics and advanced applied econometrics. The three chapters of the dissertation analyze how to ensure access to high quality and well-coordinated health and elder care for the vulnerable populations in the U.S., and evaluate hospital care quality as measured by impact of health shocks on labor market outcomes in Denmark. In this process, I develop advanced applied econometric methods by integrating cutting-edge big data and machine learning tools with rigorous empirical economic analysis.
Author : Pål Bergström
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789187268465
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Essays in Labour Economics and Econometrics written by Pål Bergström and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Moritz Meyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Applied Econometrics written by Moritz Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutions, circumstances and interactions between agents shape economic outcomes on the individual and aggregate level. In this thesis I explore three different set ups which combine a theoretical model and an empirical framework to better understand how the wider environment influences behavior and outcomes in markets. The following three papers focus on applications in the areas of economic growth, labor markets and health economics. The global network position of an economy has a profound impact on economic growth. A new measure of economic integration is implemented to characterize economic globalization. Descriptive statistics suggest that this new methodology offers superior possibilities to capture global trends which reflect patterns of interactions between firms and countries. Findings from a modified empirical growth model suggest that a more central global network position fosters economic growth. Robustness checks and alternative estimation strategies address issues of endogeneity and reversed causality in a dynamic panel framework. Social networks and in particular the interaction between applicants, workers and firms influence labor market outcomes. The behavior of firms, workers and applicants during the recruitment process is modeled in a bayesian signaling model which under certain conditions predicts a higher match quality between an applicant and a firm if employee referrals were used. Here, the theoretical model pays special attention to potential incentive problems due to nepotism and favoritism. Empirical results suggest a higher starting wage and a longer duration of the position as well as a different earnings path for workers who learnt about their job through a social network. Individual behavior in terms of consumption depends on the health status. The theoretical concept of state dependent utility functions illustrates that changes in circumstances impact individual behavior such that the health status influences the relative composition of the consumption basket over different categories of goods and services. Results from the empirical framework support this concept and show robust findings for changes in consumption in non durable and semi durable goods which can be linked to the individual health status measured in terms of functional problems to activities of daily living.
Author : Paul W. Thomas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics and Applied Microeconomics written by Paul W. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Seongjin Jin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)
Download or read book Essays on Applied Econometrics written by Seongjin Jin and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation, titled "Essays on Applied Econometrics," develops new methods to analyze economic data and design experiments, and applies them to labor market data. Each chapter answers a real-world question by applying a new econometric method to the data. Chapter 1 studies a policy change to a cash transfer program for the elderly in South Korea. This change doubled the maximum benefit to approximately $200 per month and expanded the target group by 10%. The main estimand is the causal effect of this change on the elderly's labor supply, such as labor force participation and hours of work. I take two approaches to identify the counterfactual outcomes: a potential outcomes analysis and a structural model analysis. I find that the program's change did not affect the labor supply on the intensive or extensive margins significantly. However, if the policymaker were to increase the benefit to about $1000, the estimated structural model implies a significant reduction in labor supply on both the intensive and extensive margins. Chapter 2 introduces a novel method to adaptively design randomized experiments. For randomized experiments with a pilot stage, or multi-stage experiments, [Hahn et al., 2011] propose an adaptive experimental design that adjusts the next stage's propensity score based on data of the previous stages. I discuss how the discretization of covariates affects the precision of the estimation of the average treatment effect (ATE) through the estimated propensity score for the next stage. Also, I propose an algorithm using the bootstrap technique to find the optimal level of discretization of covariates. Monte Carlo simulations and an application with actual data show that the suggested method performs well. Chapter 3 proposes hybrid estimation for the density of fixed censored data. This approach combines a parametrically estimated density function for the censored observations with a nonparametrically estimated density for the uncensored observations. My method is less sensitive to distributional assumptions than conventional parametric methods. I apply my method to estimate the full distributions of fixed right-censored variables, such as annual earnings and the survival time of cystic fibrosis patients.
Author : Takuya Hasebe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303533068
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics and Econometrics Applications of the Copula Method written by Takuya Hasebe and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 3 empirically investigates the structure of adjustment costs of factors of production with a plant-level panel dataset from the Indonesian manufacturing sector. The copula method is applied in order to estimate the adjustment costs of labor and capital simultaneously and to differentiate the distribution assumption from a more standard approach used in previous studies. The estimates provide evidence of nonconvex and asymmetric adjustment costs of both labor and capital.
Author : Andreas Kuhn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Essays in Applied Labor Economics written by Andreas Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard Barry Freeman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Labor Markets in Action written by Richard Barry Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Diego F. Angel-Urdinola
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)
Download or read book Essays on Applied Labor Economics written by Diego F. Angel-Urdinola and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. Meulders
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230524079
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Minimum Wages, Low Pay and Unemployment written by D. Meulders and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-05-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-paid employment is a key issue for labour market policy. The essays in this book, focusing on European countries, provide new empirical evidence regarding the impact of minimum wages on employment, earnings mobility among low-paid workers, job satisfaction across the earnings distribution, unemployment traps, the demand for low-skilled workers, and the existence of monopsonistic competition.
