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Author : Alma Sobrevilla
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Essays on Intrahousehold Relationships and Decision-making written by Alma Sobrevilla and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alemayehu Azeze Ambel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (236 download)
Download or read book Essays on Intrahousehold Allocation and the Family written by Alemayehu Azeze Ambel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the constraints that households face when making decisions on fertility, education, and health is beneficial for effective interventions aimed at enhancing investments in human capital, promoting gender equity, and reducing poverty. This dissertation consists of four essays that analyze the nature, performance, and determinants of fertility, child education, and nutritional status in a developing economy. The first essay identifies peculiar constraints, including gender preference and income uncertainty that households face when making fertility and schooling choices. The underlying assumption in the theoretical analysis is that in the absence of formal risk and capital markets, households may revert to informal risk sharing arrangements with their children. In addition, parents take into account gender differences in labor market outcomes. Given this premise, fertility and schooling choices are analyzed using expected utility and parental and children's lifetime income functions. The results show that gender preference augments the effect of income uncertainty on fertility. In this setting, family size and composition have gender-differentiated impacts on education. The second and third essays test the theoretical results using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. The second essay estimates alternative specifications of count data models of lifetime fertility goals for different sample categories. The models are controlled for possible sample selection bias due to non-response in the data. Results confirm that the presence of gender preference augments the impact of income uncertainty on fertility, particularly in rural households. The third essay examines children's school enrollment status and highest grade attained. Results from binary and ordered probit as well as fixed effect models show that disaggregating the household by gender and age reveals important information on the relationship between family size and education. Most importantly, the effects of family size and composition are larger on the girls' education than on the boys'. The fourth essay analyzes the effect of maternal education and its pathways on child nutrition. The pathways examined are health-seeking behavior, knowledge of health and family planning, reproductive behavior, and socioeconomic status. Logistic regression results show that maternal education and its pathways are more relevant and robust in explaining chronic than acute child malnutrition.
Author : Gee Young Oh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Essays on Intra-household Distribution of Resource and Time written by Gee Young Oh and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter empirically explores the relationships between intra-household time allocation choices and gender role bias, and the second chapter provides a structural model that rationalizes the empirical findings to study its policy implications. The third chapter explores the relationship between intra-household consumption distributions and subjective wellbeing of each gender. In the first two chapters, I study how gender role bias affects the time allocations of heterosexual working couples in labor, home production, and leisure, and the ramifications for distributional effects of policies that change effective wages. Using detailed time use data from Mexico and the U.K., I document that among working couples in both countries, as a female's relative wage increases, her relative labor hours decrease, and her relative home production hours increase. The pattern is seemingly puzzling but it can be rationalized if couples face disutility for breaking a social norm as females' share of household earnings increases. I then build a structural household model that incorporates gender role bias. Fitting the model to the U.K. data on working couples, I find that on average, disutility arising from gender role bias starts increasing when a female's earning share exceeds 0.45, that is, when she is nearly the breadwinner. Furthermore, I construct a measure of household-level bias using responses to survey questions on bias, and find that in more biased households, the disutility starts increasing when the female's earning share is lower. Using the model, I predict the effects of a fiscal policy that disproportionately increases females' effective wages. In particular, I find that when a given policy increases females' wages by 10 percent, the policy's effect on female labor supply is overestimated by 5 percentage points if gender role bias is not taken into account. In the third chapter, I study how intra-household inequality affects individuals' wellbeing where each member has the bargaining power to secure more household resources to be allocated for his/her interest. Unlike the existing literature that focuses on `absolute' resource levels, I explore another channel through which unequal intra-household resource distribution can affect an individual's wellbeing: by affecting `relative' resource as compared to the other household member. From detailed Mexican household-level survey data, I estimate an individual's resource level through a structural household model and explore its relationship with happiness, using self-reported subjective wellbeing as a proxy for happiness. I find that there is a negative correlation between relative resource levels and happiness for adult females. The negative correlation is consistent with studies that find domestic violence rates are higher for empowered females, or working females, who also consume more than those less empowered. However, the relation is insignificant for adult males.
Author : Sarah Anne Reynolds
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (854 download)
Download or read book Intergenerational Intra-household Economics written by Sarah Anne Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bulk of the literature on intra-household allocation discusses the relationship, power, and division of family resources between husband and wife. Seeking a wider understanding of family, researchers have broadened their scope to an intergenerational level, the dynamics of a parent and child are the focus of the first two papers: the first a two-stage theoretical discussion, and the second an empirical cross-sectional study. The third paper is a companion piece to the second, using the fieldwork as a case study. Paper 1 Intra-household literature focuses on bargaining power between husbands and wives, but does not consider the process between parents and children. The bequest literature asks how parents pass on wealth to their children but generally ignores the possibility that later in life parents may be codependent with children. Drawing on both arenas of family analysis, I present a model representing the nature of negotiation that may happen between parent and child: in stage one the parent is the sole decision maker, and then in stage two the child grows to participate in the bargaining process. The education decision the parent made in stage one affects the second period outcome; the child has more bargaining power with higher levels of education. A simplified analysis is done first with purely selfish participants, and then with a purely altruistic parent in a bequest model. These two extreme models are combined to form a model with both self-interested and altruistic components accruing to parent and child, a more realistic scenario. The contrasting models of a purely selfish parent with a purely altruistic parent provide insight as to how an intermediate result emerges in this model, which incorporates both characteristics. I conclude with a discussion of what would happen if a separation option is available, interpreted as an alternative wage scheme under migration. Paper 2 Within the literature on intra-household allocation I discuss a new population: teenage mothers and their mothers in Salvador, Brazil. A household survey and experimental games are the techniques used to analyze decision-making. A trust game tests for efficiency, and another game elicits valuations of a counting book, a newly introduced educational toy, to test for bargaining at the population level. While the experimental good is not representative of all elements comprising a baby's welfare, nor do these interactions purely reflect all household bargaining, this new method of analysis can be helpful when deciding policy for welfare transfers when endogeneity complicates econometric technique or when impoverished families are omitted from standard analysis due to a lack of private goods. At the population level, I find little evidence of bargaining, and Pareto efficient families' willingness to pay for the counting book is lower than the others'. The variety of behavior in the games suggests multiple family structures, some outside the typical models, and responses to the sociological questions included in the survey indicate complexity of household dynamics. Paper 3 Tension has long existed between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, but there is a movement to reconcile them within development research practices. This is an ongoing process, seeping into mainstream development economics, but instruction of qualitative methods for economists is not emphasized. Besides making a case for qualitative methodology, I also offer my research in Salvador, Brazil, as a case study that highlights how qualitative and quantitative research can interact to inform policy. I employ both quantitative and qualitative research to determine the family structure of teen mothers who live with their mothers. I also use both techniques to identify risks faced by their children. Then qualitatively I analyze the three models of social support offered to teen mothers in Salvador: community groups, home visits, and conditional cash transfers. Considering the children's risks and family structure, I conclude with suggestions of how the Brazilian government can coordinate social efforts through the Bolsa Familia program.
Author : Julieta Lugo-Gil
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (546 download)
Download or read book Essays on Intrahousehold Allocation Decisions written by Julieta Lugo-Gil and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (914 download)
Download or read book Essays on Household Decision written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis considers the fact that the majority of households consists of two adults whose characteristics and preferences matter for the households' decisions. The rst chapter studies how an increase in the generosity of maternity leave payments a ects parental labor supply, early child development, and the relative well-being of the parents considering that parents may have di erent preferences over outcomes and that the policy change may a ect the parental bargaining positions. I develop and estimate a static cooperative Nash bargaining model of parental decision-making in the rst period of the child's life and use the model to investigate how the decision-making changes with an increase in the leave payments. The results indicate that mothers will spend more time at home rather than in the labor market when the leave payments increase, but that the average early child development is not much a ected. Furthermore, the policy shifts the bargaining positions within the household in favor of the father and, although both parents are better o from the policy change, the mother would be better o relative to the father without the increase in maternity leave payments. In the second chapter we look closer at how the insurance value of marriage, represented by the correlation of shocks to individual incomes, varies over di erent groups in the popu- lation. We nd that this value may be lower for more recent cohorts, and decrease with age and with higher education. The third chapter builds on the second. We investigate the importance of intra-household risk-sharing through labor supply by testing the following prediction: A higher correlation of income shocks within the household implies a lower ability to insure income through spousal labor supply and should, all else equal, lead to higher asset accumulation of the house- hold. Our results indicate that this prediction holds empirically, suggesting that households perceive spousal labor supply as an important income insurance.
Author : Kaushik Basu
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780191553714
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (537 download)
Download or read book Arguments for a Better World: Essays in Honor of Amartya Sen written by Kaushik Basu and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amartya Sen has made deep and lasting contributions to the academic disciplines of economics, philosophy, and the social sciences more broadly. He has engaged in policy dialogue and public debate, advancing the cause of a human development focused policy agenda, and a tolerant and democratic polity. This argumentative Indian has made the case for the poorest of the poor, and for plurality in cultural perspective. It is not surprising that he has won the highest awards, ranging from the Nobel Prize in Economics to the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor. This public recognition has gone hand in hand with the affection and admiration that Amartya's friends and students hold for him. This volume of essays, written in honor of his 75th birthday by his students and peers, covers the range of contributions that Sen has made to knowledge. They are written by some of the world's leading economists, philosophers and social scientists, and address topics such as ethics, welfare economics, poverty, gender, human development, society and politics. The second volume covers the topics of Human Development and Capabilities; Gender and Household; Growth, Poverty and Policy; and Society, Politics and History. It is a fitting tribute to Sen's own contributions to the discourse on Society, Institutions and Development. Contributors include: Bina Agarwal, Isher Ahluwalia, Montek S Ahluwalia, Ingela Alger, Muhammad Asali, Amiya Kumar Bagchi, Pranab Bardhan, Lourdes Benería, Sugata Bose, Lincoln C. Chen, Martha Alter Chen, Kanchan Chopra, Simon Dietz, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Jonathan Glover, Cameron Hepburn, Jane Humphries, Rizwanul Islam, Ayesha Jalal, Mary Kaldor, Sunil Khilnani, Stephan Klasen, Jocelyn Kynch, Enrica Chiappero Martinetti, Kirsty McNay, Martha C. Nussbaum, Elinor Ostrom, Gustav Ranis, Sanjay G. Reddy, Emma Samman, Rehman Sobhan, Robert M. Solow, Nicholas Stern, Frances Stewart, Ashutosh Varshney, Sujata Visaria, and Jörgen W. Weibull.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (865 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Indonesian Migration, Health, and Intra-household Decision Making written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the role of risk in rural to urban migration decisions using Indonesian household-level panel data. Specifically, I use consumption data and measures of household risk aversion to test whether rural to urban migration is a means of managing risk among uninsured households via the diversification of household income flows. Most previous studies of risk and migration do not analyze the migrant's choice of destination but instead focus on the relationship between risk aversion and the likelihood of migration; however, if migration is motivated, in part, by household risk management, then the level of risk aversion should impact both the propensity to migrate and the destination of migration. In this paper I generate predictions regarding the relationship between household risk aversion and the economic riskiness of receiving regions and test these predictions using a multinomial logit estimation. Empirical results generally affirm the predictions of the model. Households prefer to send migrants to destinations with lower consumption variability and, as predicted, this preference is stronger among households with higher risk aversion. Also, all households prefer destinations where average consumption is less correlated with home consumption.
Author : Kamille De Backer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Intrahousehold Relations in Extended Households: The Case of the Luguru in Morogoro Region written by Kamille De Backer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 80s, policy makers and practitioners acknowledged the importance of intrahousehold decision-making due to several intervention failures, which were caused by the ignorance of these processes. Furthermore, researchers (see e.g. Browning & Chiappori, 1998; Vermeulen, 2005) no longer considered the household as a neutral unit (Becker, 1981) but rather as an institution, which is characterized by simultaneous existence of cooperation and conflict (Sen, 1990). Several theoretical bargaining models are developed, although these generally only consist of two decision makers, i.e. husband and wife. However, households in rural areas of development countries often include multiple members (Chang, Chen, & Somerville, 2003; Doss, 2013), which is also the case for Tanzania (Creighton & Omari, 1995). Furthermore, households are social units that adapt to context and culturally constructed meanings (World Bank, 2001), which play a key role in intrahousehold relations and decision-making (Agarwal, 1997). The aim of this dissertation, therefore, was to analyse the intrahousehold relations and decision-making in extended household structures within the particular context of a matrilineal community, i.e. the Luguru, in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania. Furthermore, the study had a particular focus on how and why adult extended household members participate in different domains of decision-making, and in which way determinants of bargaining power and social norms affect their participation. Furthermore, we were interested in the differences and similarities between their participation in male-headed and female-headed extended households. In order to explore these concerns, the study adopted a qualitative approach and collected data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected from key expert interviews (2), household interviews (76), spider diagrams (24) and participant observation. Secondary data was sourced from analysing academic literature, and official government publications and surveys. All interviews were analysed and coded in the Nvivo software. In this study we found that extended household members influence intrahousehold relations and decision-making processes. Extended household structures include multiple members, which consequently resulted in divergent preferences, ideas, and viewpoints about various situations, arguments or topics. Furthermore, extended household structures studied in our research were complex and could contain different units. In this regard, decision-making could therefore take place at different levels. On the one hand, decisions could be made at the highest household level, which included both (core) non-extended and extended household members. In this case, household members usually collaborated, and sketched a picture of household harmony. Extended household members were often considered advisors. On the other hand, decision-making could emerge within separate decision-making units, e.g. extended household member(s) alone. In this way, decisions could be made independently, and individuals can act as autonomous sub-economies at a particular level within the household. Furthermore, the research findings confirmed that the involvement of extended household members varied between different decision-making domains. First of all, the involvement of extended household members showed similar patterns between male-headed and female-headed households in the following domains: access and control to assets and land, agricultural sector, money management, and children. In contrast, this study recognized differences between male-headed and female-headed households within the domains of decisions regarding employment outside the household, traditional labour allocation and family matters. Furthermore, within each decision-making domain there were considerable variations in participation depending on age, gender, and the extended household members position, i.e. cousin, sibling, grandparent or in-law. Differences in participation could also be influenced by the extended household members bargaining power. The following seven factors were identified as determinants in this study: the ownership and control of assets, the ability to work, effort, human capital, the position in life cycle, the traditional social support system and the duration of stay within the household. Furthermore, social norms were an additional factor that affected decision-making processes. First of all, matrilineal practices in the Luguru community were declining, although these traditions still influenced a womans position within the household regarding both children and family matters. Second, traditional labour allocation, children and family matters were rather gendered decision-making domains. This dissertation revealed how underlying social and gender relations, and cultural practices are influencing intrahousehold decision-making. Furthermore, this study presented the relevance of acknowledging the participation of extended household members within these processes, which is especially important for both development actors and further research. According to the former, policy-makers are required to understand the complex nature of extended household structures in order to avoid policy failures and to carry out efficient and effective policy interventions and implementations on ground. Furthermore, the government and NGOs, which are operating in the field of gender and development, should launch social awareness programs in regard to change the current gender relations and gendered division of labour. According to the latter, scholars must recognize that intrahousehold relations and decision-making range broader than the dyad of spouses, and additional research is needed to further explore the role of extended household members within these processes.
Author : Jennifer L. Ward-Batts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 742 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Essays on Intrahousehold Allocation written by Jennifer L. Ward-Batts and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xiaodi Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Essays on Family Economics and Intra-household Bargaining written by Xiaodi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hui-Ting Wu
Publisher : Rozenberg Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9036101913
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (361 download)
Download or read book Essays on Top Management and Corporate Behavior written by Hui-Ting Wu and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Abhilasha Srivastava
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780355507553
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (75 download)
Download or read book Essays on Political Economy of Gender and Social Norms in India written by Abhilasha Srivastava and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first essay focuses on intra-household bargaining between female-in-laws in India. Specifically, it studies the impact of a daughter-in-law's education on household division of labor between female in-laws in multi-generational households. Demographers studying the role of education on household bargaining claim that an increase in a daughter-in-law's education and earning potential, vis-a-vis the mother-in-law, is likely to decrease her relative share of household work. On the other hand, patriarchal bargain theory claims that the higher educational status of a daughter-in-law is considered potentially destabilizing in traditional households, thus compelling her to compensate by increasing her relative share of household work. This essay examines these competing theories empirically using Time-Use data from India. Findings reject the explanation from demographic studies and support the patriarchal bargain theory. This study adds further layers to this analysis by differentiating outcomes by caste, class, and religion. Findings show that these institutions mediate effects on bargaining and the division of housework between female-in-laws in multigenerational households. This study suggests that the relationship between patriarchal norms, education, and bargaining power is more nuanced and that social institutions like caste, class, and religion can modify or alter this relationship. The second essay addresses the persistence of dowry in contemporary India. This illegal but socially accepted practice continues to persist despite modernization. This paper draws upon and bridges economic and interdisciplinary South Asian scholarship to study the persistence of dowry in a comprehensive fashion. To do so, this paper uses primary qualitative data on individual preferences, decision-making processes, and the institutional environment that I collected through in-depth interviews from multiple locations in India. This study contributes to scholarship in two specific ways. First, it proposes a data-driven definition of dowry that challenges the definitions used in existing economic literature and shows that dowry is comprised of three components: demand, gift, and display. Each of these components serves one or more purposes, thus emphasizing the fact that these components and their purposes are inextricably intertwined. The second contribution is an evolutionary analysis of the process through which dowry has persisted in India. This paper shows that gender as a social institution shapes individual preferences and decision-making processes in the marriage market, giving asymmetric power to the groom's side over the bride's side, and dowry emerges as an outcome of this asymmetry. Further, dowry practices influence the evolution of gender norms, reinforcing the asymmetric power between the bride and groom's families. Thus gender norms and preferences coevolve in the marriage market and together contribute to the persistence of dowry. The third essay presents my insights as an economist conducting qualitative research on the complex socio-economic phenomenon of dowry. This essay is aimed at informing researchers in economics about effective strategies for qualitative data collection in similar research settings. To do this, the paper presents an account of my day-to-day experiences as a researcher doing in-depth interviews at multiple sites in India. It details the various stages of the data collection process, i.e., sampling, interview setting, and interviews as well as enumerates the challenges that open-ended interviewing poses such as insider-outsider positionality, and power dynamics between the researcher and the subject. I present my reflections on dealing with challenges through fieldwork planning, interview preparation, and experiences as well as the lessons that I learned during the process. Further, this paper also engages with debates around the usefulness of qualitative research in economics, particularly the key criticisms regarding validity, objectivity, quality, and generalizability of the data and the findings.
Author : Markus Paul Goldstein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Intrahousehold Allocation and Farming in Southern Ghana written by Markus Paul Goldstein and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Heidi Silvennoinen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789524882903
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (829 download)
Download or read book Essays on Household Time Allocation Decisions in a Collective Household Model written by Heidi Silvennoinen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kathleen M. Adams
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472111060
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Home and Hegemony written by Kathleen M. Adams and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original and provocative essays on the construction of identity and hegemony
Author : Debra K. Israel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Essays on Energy, Equity, and the Environment in Developing Countries written by Debra K. Israel and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this dissertation explore different environmental and public policy issues relevant to developing countries. Essay I examines household-level survey responses to the question "How willing would you be to pay somewhat higher taxes to the government if you knew the money would be spent to protect the environment and prevent land, water and air pollution?" Specifically, for twelve developing and three developed countries included in the survey, the empirical relationships among willingness to pay for environmental quality, relative household income and national income are investigated. The results indicate that when the effects of household and national income are combined, households with below-average income in low-income countries are less willing to pay for environmental protection than those with above-average income in high-income countries. Furthermore, willingness to pay for environmental protection increases more significantly with relative household income than with national income. Essay II uses data from urban Bolivia to study the determinants of household fuel choice, an important link between deforestation and indoor air pollution in developing countries. In particular, the effects of fixed fuel costs, income growth, and female earned income on household fuel choice are examined. The results imply that reduction in firewood use in developing countries is not likely to occur simply as the result of income growth. The essay discusses possible policy implications based on the results that fixed fuel costs appear to be a deterrent to switching to a cleaner fuel and households with female earned income seem less likely to use firewood than other households. Essay III analyzes the equity implications of the elimination of fuel subsidies in the 1985 Bolivian economic reforms. An analysis of the direct static burden shows that while the elimination of gasoline subsidies was progressively distributed, the elimination of LPG and kerosene subsidies was regressive. Overall, the impact was close to proportional. However, including the indirect effect of urban transportation fare increases adds to the regressivity of the subsidy removal, while including the partial equilibrium effects implies a more progressive burden.
