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Equity And Efficiency
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Book Synopsis Equality and Efficiency REV by : Arthur M. Okun
Download or read book Equality and Efficiency REV written by Arthur M. Okun and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1975, Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff is a very personal work from one of the most important macroeconomists of the last hundred years. And this new edition includes "Further Thoughts on Equality and Efficiency," a paper published by the author two years later. In classrooms Arthur M. Okun may be best remembered for Okun's Law, but his lasting legacy is the respect and admiration he earned from economists, practitioners, and policymakers. Equality and Efficiency is the perfect embodiment of that legacy, valued both by professional economists and those readers with a keen interest in social policy. To his fellow economists, Okun presents messages, in the form of additional comments and select citations, in his footnotes. To all readers, Okun presents an engaging dual theme: the market needs a place, and the market needs to be kept in its place. As Okun puts it: Institutions in a capitalist democracy prod us to get ahead of our neighbors economically after telling us to stay in line socially. This double standard professes and pursues an egalitarian political and social system while simultaneously generating gaping disparities in economic well-being. Today, Okun's dual theme feels incredibly prescient as we grapple with the hot-button topic of income inequality. In his foreword, Lawrence H. Summers declares: On what one might think of as questions of "economic philosophy," I doubt that Okun has been improved on in the subsequent interval. His discussion of how societies rely on rights as well as markets should be required reading for all young economists who are enamored with market solutions to all problems. With a new foreword by Lawrence H. Summers
Book Synopsis Reconciling Efficiency and Equity by : Damien Gerard
Download or read book Reconciling Efficiency and Equity written by Damien Gerard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a new conceptualization of competition law as economic inequality and its interaction with efficiency become of central concern to policy and decision-makers.
Book Synopsis Accessibility, Equity and Efficiency by : Karst T. Geurs
Download or read book Accessibility, Equity and Efficiency written by Karst T. Geurs and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading researchers from around the world show, in this volume, the importance of accessibility in contemporary issues such as rural depopulation, investments in public services and public transport, and transport infrastructure investments in Europe. The trade-offs between accessibility, economic development and equity are comprehensively examined, and a variety of approaches to measuring accessibility and equality presented. The book’s interdisciplinary contributions also provide different geographical contexts, from the US to various European and developing countries, and cover ex ante and ex post evaluation of transport investment. Improving transport accessibility is a main objective in transport policy and planning in developed and developing countries all over the world. Investment is motivated by the need to develop and/or reduce spatial or social inequalities. However, the economic and equity implications of investments in transport are not straightforward. The concepts of accessibility and equity can be defined and operationalized in many different ways, influencing outcomes and conclusions. Moreover, equity and efficiency goals are often conflicting. Accessibility models not only help to explain spatial and transport patterns in developed and developing countries but are also powerful tools to explain the equity and efficiency impacts of urban and transport policies and projects. This state-of-the-art overview of the accessibility–economic efficiency–equity relationship will appeal to researchers as well as transport and urban planners interested in accessibility issues and transport/regional developments.
Book Synopsis Efficiency and Equity in Welfare Economics by : PierCarlo Nicola
Download or read book Efficiency and Equity in Welfare Economics written by PierCarlo Nicola and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing efficiency in generating national income and improving equity in its distribution among economic agents is at the forefront of priorities of most modern economies. This book presents a model which aims to maximize a symmetrical welfare function under certain constraints which consider both efficiency and equity, i.e. taxes and subsidies, implemented by a public authority. The model is numerically implemented and considers a set of economic agents with starting incomes that satisfy Pareto income law under various values of the alpha parameter. Also, the model implementations respect the social production function. Various experiments are presented which show how income inequality (measured by means of the Lorenz curve and, what I call, the Lorenz-Gini inequality index) and measures of poverty are sensibly reduced by redistributing national income without lowering efficiency in production. A case study, or application, of Italian personal income in 2008 is also presented.
Book Synopsis Environmental Markets by : Terry L. Anderson
Download or read book Environmental Markets written by Terry L. Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Markets explains the prospects of using markets to improve environmental quality and resource conservation. No other book focuses on a property rights approach using environmental markets to solve environmental problems. This book compares standard approaches to these problems using governmental management, regulation, taxation, and subsidization with a market-based property rights approach. This approach is applied to land, water, wildlife, fisheries, and air and is compared to governmental solutions. The book concludes by discussing tougher environmental problems such as ocean fisheries and the global atmosphere, emphasizing that neither governmental nor market solutions are a panacea.
Book Synopsis For the Benefit of All: Fiscal Policies and Equity-Efficiency Trade-offs in the Age of Automation by : Mr. Andrew Berg
Download or read book For the Benefit of All: Fiscal Policies and Equity-Efficiency Trade-offs in the Age of Automation written by Mr. Andrew Berg and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many studies predict massive job losses and real wage decline as a result of the ongoing widespread automation of production, a trend that may be further aggravated by the COVID-19 crisis. Yet automation is also expected to raise productivity and output. How can we share the gains from automation more widely, for the benefit of all? And what are the attendant equity-efficiency trade-offs? We analyze this issue by considering the effects of fiscal policies that seek to redistribute the gains from automation and address income inequality. We use a dynamic general equilibrium model with monopolistic competition, including a novel specification linking corporate power to automation. While fiscal policy cannot eliminate the classic equity-efficiency trade-offs, it can help improve them, reducing inequality at small or no loss of output. This is particularly so when policy takes advantage of novel, less distortive transmission channels of fiscal policy created by the empirically observed link between corporate market power and automation.
Author :Richard Cookson Publisher :Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation ISBN 13 :0198838190 Total Pages :385 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (988 download)
Book Synopsis Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis by : Richard Cookson
Download or read book Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis written by Richard Cookson and published by Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.
Book Synopsis Variety, Equity, and Efficiency by : Kelvin Lancaster
Download or read book Variety, Equity, and Efficiency written by Kelvin Lancaster and published by . This book was released on 1979-03-02 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wealth Expanding Theory Under the Principle of Efficiency-Equity Equilibrium by : Ye, Fred Y.
Download or read book Wealth Expanding Theory Under the Principle of Efficiency-Equity Equilibrium written by Ye, Fred Y. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been suggested that national economic policies should focus on taxation to achieve social equity and interest rates for economic efficiency; wealth distribution can balance efficiency and equity through tax rates, interest rates, and exchange rates. Additionally, while the economic system seeks efficiency and the social system pursues equity, common interest modifications with elastic exchange and tax rates should be applied for balancing efficiency and equity. Wealth Expanding Theory Under the Principle of Efficiency-Equity Equilibrium is a comprehensive reference source that considers economic philosophy for extending economic cognition, balancing economic efficiency and social equity, and future interstellar economics. Covering key topics such as poverty, fiscal policy, and macroeconomics, this reference work is ideal for policymakers, government officials, business owners, economists, managers, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.
Book Synopsis Efficiency, Equity, and Legitimacy by : Roger B. Porter
Download or read book Efficiency, Equity, and Legitimacy written by Roger B. Porter and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its widely acknowledged contribution to global prosperity over the past half century, the movement toward further liberalization has increasingly been challenged. This collection of essays examine several key issues at the heart of the debate over the multilateral trading system.
Book Synopsis Population Health Science by : Katherine M. Keyes
Download or read book Population Health Science written by Katherine M. Keyes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCE formalizes an emerging discipline at the crossroads of social and medical sciences, demography, and economics--an emerging approach to population studies that represents a seismic shift in how traditional health sciences measure and observe health events. Bringing together theories and methods from diverse fields, this text provides grounding in the factors that shape population health. The overall approach is one of consequentialist science: designing creative studies that identify causal factors in health with multidisciplinary rigor. Distilled into nine foundational principles, this book guides readers through population science studies that strategically incorporate: · macrosocial factors · multilevel, lifecourse, and systems theories · prevention science fundamentals · return on investment · equity and efficiency Harnessing the power of scientific inquiry and codifying the knowledge base for a burgeoning field, POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCE arms readers with tools to shift the curve of population health.
Book Synopsis Public Microeconomics by : Joaquim Silvestre
Download or read book Public Microeconomics written by Joaquim Silvestre and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a concise, simple, yet precise discussion of externalities, public goods and insurance. Rooted in the first fundamental theorem of welfare economics and in noncooperative equilibrium, it employs elementary calculus. The book presents established theory in novel ways, and offers the tools for the application of the social welfare criteria of efficiency and equity to environmental economics, networks, bargaining, political economy, and the pricing of public goods and public utilities. This innovative, user-friendly textbook will be of use over a broad range of disciplines. The applications found here include international global-warming issues (North vs. South model), and bargaining over externalities (Coase's theorem). This text also introduces the Wicksell-Lindahl model in its original form, which depicts the parliamentary negotiation between representative parties and provides an effective introduction to political economy. Later, these ideas are applied to the pricing of an excludable public good, revealing the theoretical connection between public utility pricing and the pricing of excludable public goods. The text integrates three forms of discourse: verbal, graphical, and formal. Elementary calculus is frequently used, allowing for clarity and precision; qualities that are often missing in conventional textbooks. The main text considers a finite number of consumers and appendices cover the continuum mathematical model, which is implicit in the references to the 'marginal consumer' found in traditional texts. The analysis found in Public Microeconomics is simple and operational, conducive to computationally easy examples and exercises. This textbook is ideally suited to graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses in economics, political science, policy and philosophy.
Download or read book Health Promotion written by Keith Tones and published by Nelson Thornes. This book was released on 2001 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors have joined forces again to reflect upon the ever changing world of health promotion. As a result, their highly respected textbook has been substantially rewritten to document both theoretical and practical developments within this important sphere of professional activity.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Frontier Analysis by : Subal C. Kumbhakar
Download or read book Stochastic Frontier Analysis written by Subal C. Kumbhakar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-10 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern textbook presentations of production economics typically treat producers as successful optimizers. Conventional econometric practice has generally followed this paradigm, and least squares based regression techniques have been used to estimate production, cost, profit and other functions. In such a framework deviations from maximum output, from minimum cost and cost minimizing input demands, and from maximum profit and profit maximizing output supplies and input demands, are attributed exclusively to random statistical noise. However casual empiricism and the business press both make persuasive cases for the argument that, although producers may indeed attempt to optimize, they do not always succeed. This book develops econometric techniques for the estimation of production, cost and profit frontiers, and for the estimation of the technical and economic efficiency with which producers approach these frontiers. Since these frontiers envelop rather than intersect the data, and since the authors continue to maintain the traditional econometric belief in the presence of external forces contributing to random statistical noise, the work is titled Stochastic Frontier Analysis.
Book Synopsis Equity, Efficiency, and Social Choice by : Donald Edward Campbell
Download or read book Equity, Efficiency, and Social Choice written by Donald Edward Campbell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents Professor Campbell's recent work on social choice in economic environments. It addresses the standard social choice questions in the framework of welfare economics; with emphasis on the allocation of public and private goods. But it goes beyond the standard issues to prove fundamental theorems on efficiency and equity in public policy analysis. Arrow's impossibility theorem discloses some elementary conditions under which the Pareto criterion implies that the social welfare function is insensitive to the preferences of all but a single individual. It is proved here that any degree of sensitivity to individual preferences implies that the social welfare function is independent of the preferences of all but one person even if efficiency is not required in any degree. In this and other ways, the absence of meaningful efficiency-equity trade-offs is demonstrated. The framework is a conventional allocation space with standard economic restrictions on the nature of individual preferences. Classical impossibility theorems, including Arrow's are proved en route to the main results. The book will be of interest to academic economists, especially those working in social choice theory and economic theory.
Book Synopsis Equity and Efficiency in Economic Development by : Donald J. Savoie
Download or read book Equity and Efficiency in Economic Development written by Donald J. Savoie and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1992-10-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ideological foundations of the contributors range from personalized neo-Marxism, through "extreme centre" neo-Keynesianism, to hard-line neoclassical mathematical economics. Despite this diversity there is a surprising degree of consensus. No contributor advocates centralized planning and none expects a free market to cure all economic ills. Opinions vary as to how well the market actually works, but all agree that equity and efficiency are essential goals which most consider to be complementary rather than mutually exclusive. In the concluding chapter it is suggested that current economic problems are caused not so much by government intervention as by the nature of that intervention. The authors believe that the recent ideological convergence may lead to a new paradigm, a theory of the optimal blend of market and management that will be flexible enough to deal with the varying conditions of diverse societies, thus simplifying the task of creating a smooth-running global economy. The contributors are Irma Adelman, Mark Blaug, Kenneth Boulding, Irving Brecher, Albert Breton, John S. Chipman, André Gunder Frank, Martha Fuentes Frank, Niles Hansen, Murray C. Kemp, Robin Marris, Richard Musgrave, Walt Rostow, Donald J. Savoie, Nicholas Spulber, and Paul Streeten. Higgins himself contributes a chapter on basic concepts and collaborates with Donald Savoie on the final chapter.
Book Synopsis Equity and Efficiency Policy in Community Care by : Bleddyn Davies
Download or read book Equity and Efficiency Policy in Community Care written by Bleddyn Davies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000: Equity and Efficiency Policy provides a completely new perspective on post-reform community care, analyzes its fairness, effectiveness and efficiency in a new way and uses its powerful new techniques applied to a major national collection of evidence to suggest how to develop the Modernization Agenda. It - describes, for the first time, how differences in the levels of each of the main services alone and in combination affect a wide range of user and carer benefits; - uses this knowledge to analyze in a new way and make policy proposals about some of the pressing policy issues of the government’s Modernization Agenda.
