Equality And Efficiency

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Equality and Efficiency REV

Author : Arthur M. Okun
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815726546
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Equality and Efficiency REV by : Arthur M. Okun

Download or read book Equality and Efficiency REV written by Arthur M. Okun and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1975, Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff is a very personal work from one of the most important macroeconomists of the last hundred years. And this new edition includes "Further Thoughts on Equality and Efficiency," a paper published by the author two years later. In classrooms Arthur M. Okun may be best remembered for Okun's Law, but his lasting legacy is the respect and admiration he earned from economists, practitioners, and policymakers. Equality and Efficiency is the perfect embodiment of that legacy, valued both by professional economists and those readers with a keen interest in social policy. To his fellow economists, Okun presents messages, in the form of additional comments and select citations, in his footnotes. To all readers, Okun presents an engaging dual theme: the market needs a place, and the market needs to be kept in its place. As Okun puts it: Institutions in a capitalist democracy prod us to get ahead of our neighbors economically after telling us to stay in line socially. This double standard professes and pursues an egalitarian political and social system while simultaneously generating gaping disparities in economic well-being. Today, Okun's dual theme feels incredibly prescient as we grapple with the hot-button topic of income inequality. In his foreword, Lawrence H. Summers declares: On what one might think of as questions of "economic philosophy," I doubt that Okun has been improved on in the subsequent interval. His discussion of how societies rely on rights as well as markets should be required reading for all young economists who are enamored with market solutions to all problems. With a new foreword by Lawrence H. Summers

Efficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property (Routledge Revivals)

Author : James E. Meade
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136258876
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Efficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property (Routledge Revivals) by : James E. Meade

Download or read book Efficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property (Routledge Revivals) written by James E. Meade and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1964, this is a study of the extreme inequalities in the ownership of property, in economies across the globe. Professor Meade examines in depth the economic, demographic and social factors which lead to such inequalities. He considers a wide range of remedial policies – educational development, reformed death duties and capital taxes, demographic policies, trade union action, the socialization of property, the development of a property-owning democracy, the expansion of the welfare state. The argument is expressed in precise analytical terms, but the main exposition is free of mathematics and technical jargon and is designed for the interested layman as well as the economist.

Liberty, Equality and Efficiency

Author : J.E. Meade
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780333585306
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Liberty, Equality and Efficiency by : J.E. Meade

Download or read book Liberty, Equality and Efficiency written by J.E. Meade and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1993-01-13 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses a set of radical changes in economic institutions and policies designed to show an efficient but socially acceptable third way between Keynesian inflation and monetarist unemployment, and between the inefficiencies of socialist centralisation and the ravages of unrestrained capitalist competition. It consists of a reprint of Efficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property together with four recent papers including a highly revised version of the well-known tract Agathotopia: The Economics of Partnership.

A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare

Author : Marc Fleurbaey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139498770
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare by : Marc Fleurbaey

Download or read book A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare written by Marc Fleurbaey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-13 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definition and measurement of social welfare have been a vexed issue for the past century. This book makes a constructive, easily applicable proposal and suggests how to evaluate the economic situation of a society in a way that gives priority to the worse-off and that respects each individual's preferences over his or her own consumption, work, leisure and so on. This approach resonates with the current concern to go 'beyond the GDP' in the measurement of social progress. Compared to technical studies in welfare economics, this book emphasizes constructive results rather than paradoxes and impossibilities, and shows how one can start from basic principles of efficiency and fairness and end up with concrete evaluations of policies. Compared to more philosophical treatments of social justice, this book is more precise about the definition of social welfare and reaches conclusions about concrete policies and institutions only after a rigorous derivation from clearly stated principles.

Accessibility, Equity and Efficiency

Author : Karst T. Geurs
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1784717894
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis Accessibility, Equity and Efficiency by : Karst T. Geurs

Download or read book Accessibility, Equity and Efficiency written by Karst T. Geurs and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading researchers from around the world show, in this volume, the importance of accessibility in contemporary issues such as rural depopulation, investments in public services and public transport, and transport infrastructure investments in Europe. The trade-offs between accessibility, economic development and equity are comprehensively examined, and a variety of approaches to measuring accessibility and equality presented. The book’s interdisciplinary contributions also provide different geographical contexts, from the US to various European and developing countries, and cover ex ante and ex post evaluation of transport investment. Improving transport accessibility is a main objective in transport policy and planning in developed and developing countries all over the world. Investment is motivated by the need to develop and/or reduce spatial or social inequalities. However, the economic and equity implications of investments in transport are not straightforward. The concepts of accessibility and equity can be defined and operationalized in many different ways, influencing outcomes and conclusions. Moreover, equity and efficiency goals are often conflicting. Accessibility models not only help to explain spatial and transport patterns in developed and developing countries but are also powerful tools to explain the equity and efficiency impacts of urban and transport policies and projects. This state-of-the-art overview of the accessibility–economic efficiency–equity relationship will appeal to researchers as well as transport and urban planners interested in accessibility issues and transport/regional developments.

Legal Secrets

Author : Kim Lane Scheppele
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226737782
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Legal Secrets by : Kim Lane Scheppele

Download or read book Legal Secrets written by Kim Lane Scheppele and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1988-11-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the seller of a house have to tell the buyer that the water is turned off twelve hours a day? Does the buyer of a great quantity of tobacco have to inform the seller that the military blockade of the local port, which had depressed tobacco sales and lowered prices, is about to end? Courts say yes in the first case, no in the second. How can we understand the difference in judgments? And what does it say about whether the psychiatrist should disclose to his patient's girlfriend that the patient wants to kill her? Kim Lane Scheppele answers the question, Which secrets are legal secrets and what makes them so? She challenges the economic theory of law, which argues that judges decide cases in ways that maximize efficiency, and she shows that judges use equality as an important principle in their decisions. In the course of thinking about secrets, Scheppele also explores broader questions about judicial reasoning—how judges find meaning in legal texts and how they infuse every fact summary with the values of their legal culture. Finally, the specific insights about secrecy are shown to be consistent with a general moral theory of law that indicates what the content of law should be if the law is to be legitimate, a theory that sees legal justification as the opportunity to attract consent. This is more than a book about secrets. It is also a book about the limits of an economic view of law. Ultimately, it is a work in constructive legal theory, one that draws on moral philosophy, sociology, economics, and political theory to develop a new view of legal interpretation and legal morality.

Prices and Quantities

Author : Arthur M Okun
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815718727
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Prices and Quantities by : Arthur M Okun

Download or read book Prices and Quantities written by Arthur M Okun and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade Arthur M. Okun, like many economists, focused attention on finding ways to fight inflation without sacrificing goals of high employment and prosperity. In recent years the economy has been plagued by stagflation—the simultaneous persistence of high inflation and high unemployment. Traditional methods of aggregate demand management that have been reasonably successful in curing either one or the other of these problems have not been effective, and the nation has not been able to contain inflation even in periods of economic slack. It now seems clear that the economists’ traditional model that presumes short-run flexibility in wages and prices no longer holds for most of the industrial world, and hence the response of inflation to shifts in macroeconomic policy is weak. In this volume Okun seeks to explain that loss of responsiveness by analyzing how modern labor and product markets work and how they are structured. A central feature of Okun’s analysis is implicit contract theory, which recognizes that efficiency-maximizing decisions by business firms reflect long-term considerations as well as short-term changes in markets. His interpretation of microeconomic behavior and macroeconomic performance provides a basis for the design of policies to deal with stagflation.

Efficiency, Equality and Public Policy

Author : Y. Ng
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0333992776
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (339 download)

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Book Synopsis Efficiency, Equality and Public Policy by : Y. Ng

Download or read book Efficiency, Equality and Public Policy written by Y. Ng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-04-19 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides compelling arguments for the exclusive concern with efficiency ('a dollar is a dollar') in all specific areas of public economic policy, leaving the objective of equality to be achieved through the general tax/transfer system. Public policies should ultimately maximize the sum of individual welfares which should be individual happiness rather than preferences. Relative-income and environmental disruption effects cause a bias in favour of private spending which is no longer conducive to happiness socially. Welfare can be increased more by higher public spending on research and environmental protection, including the perfection of the techniques of brain stimulation to increase happiness.

Thinking Like an Economist

Author : Elizabeth Popp Berman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691248885
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking Like an Economist by : Elizabeth Popp Berman

Download or read book Thinking Like an Economist written by Elizabeth Popp Berman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-08 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of how economic reasoning came to dominate Washington between the 1960s and 1980s—and why it continues to constrain progressive ambitions today For decades, Democratic politicians have frustrated progressives by tinkering around the margins of policy while shying away from truly ambitious change. What happened to bold political vision on the left, and what shrunk the very horizons of possibility? In Thinking like an Economist, Elizabeth Popp Berman tells the story of how a distinctive way of thinking—an “economic style of reasoning”—became dominant in Washington between the 1960s and the 1980s and how it continues to dramatically narrow debates over public policy today. Introduced by liberal technocrats who hoped to improve government, this way of thinking was grounded in economics but also transformed law and policy. At its core was an economic understanding of efficiency, and its advocates often found themselves allied with Republicans and in conflict with liberal Democrats who argued for rights, equality, and limits on corporate power. By the Carter administration, economic reasoning had spread throughout government policy and laws affecting poverty, healthcare, antitrust, transportation, and the environment. Fearing waste and overspending, liberals reined in their ambitions for decades to come, even as Reagan and his Republican successors argued for economic efficiency only when it helped their own goals. A compelling account that illuminates what brought American politics to its current state, Thinking like an Economist also offers critical lessons for the future. With the political left resurgent today, Democrats seem poised to break with the past—but doing so will require abandoning the shibboleth of economic efficiency and successfully advocating new ways of thinking about policy.

Economic Ideas You Should Forget

Author : Bruno S. Frey
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319474588
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Ideas You Should Forget by : Bruno S. Frey

Download or read book Economic Ideas You Should Forget written by Bruno S. Frey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reporting on cutting-edge advances in economics, this book presents a selection of commentaries that reveal the weaknesses of several core economics concepts. Economics is a vigorous and progressive science, which does not lose its force when particular parts of its theory are empirically invalidated; instead, they contribute to the accumulation of knowledge. By discussing problematic theoretical assumptions and drawing on the latest empirical research, the authors question specific hypotheses and reject major economic ideas from the “Coase Theorem” to “Say’s Law” and “Bayesianism.” Many of these ideas remain prominent among politicians, economists and the general public. Yet, in the light of the financial crisis, they have lost both their relevance and supporting empirical evidence. This fascinating and thought-provoking collection of 71 short essays written by respected economists and social scientists from all over the world will appeal to anyone interested in scientific progress and the further development of economics.

Poorly Understood

Author : Mark Robert Rank
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190881402
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Poorly Understood by : Mark Robert Rank

Download or read book Poorly Understood written by Mark Robert Rank and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if the idealized image of American societya land of opportunity that will reward hard work with economic successis completely wrong? Few topics have as many myths, stereotypes, and misperceptions surrounding them as that of poverty in America. The poor have been badly misunderstood since the beginnings of the country, with the rhetoric only ratcheting up in recent times. Our current era of fake news, alternative facts, and media partisanship has led to a breeding ground for all types of myths and misinformation to gain traction and legitimacy. Poorly Understood is the first book to systematically address and confront many of the most widespread myths pertaining to poverty. Mark Robert Rank, Lawrence M. Eppard, and Heather E. Bullock powerfully demonstrate that the realities of poverty are much different than the myths; indeed in many ways they are more disturbing. The idealized image of American society is one of abundant opportunities, with hard work being rewarded by economic prosperity. But what if this picture is wrong? What if poverty is an experience that touches the majority of Americans? What if hard work does not necessarily lead to economic well-being? What if the reasons for poverty are largely beyond the control of individuals? And if all of the evidence necessary to disprove these myths has been readily available for years, why do they remain so stubbornly pervasive? These are much more disturbing realities to consider because they call into question the very core of America's identity. Armed with the latest research, Poorly Understood not only challenges the myths of poverty and inequality, but it explains why these myths continue to exist, providing an innovative blueprint for how the nation can move forward to effectively alleviate American poverty.

Tax, Social Policy and Gender

Author : Miranda Stewart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781760461478
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Tax, Social Policy and Gender by : Miranda Stewart

Download or read book Tax, Social Policy and Gender written by Miranda Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender inequality is profoundly unjust and in clear contradiction to the philosophy of the 'fair go'. In spite of some action by recent governments, Australia has fallen behind in policy and outcomes, even as the G20 group of nations, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Monetary Fund are paying renewed attention to gender inequality. Tax, Social Policy and Gender presents new research on entrenched gender inequality in a comparative framework of human rights and fiscal sustainability. Ground-breaking empirical studies examine unequal returns to education for women and men, decision-making about child care by fathers and mothers, the history and gendered effects of the income tax and family payments, and women in the top 1 per cent. Contributors demonstrate how Australia's tax, social security, child care, parental leave, education, work and retirement income policies intersect to compound gender inequality. Tax, Social Policy and Gender calls for a rethinking of equality and efficiency in tax and social policy and provides new policy solutions. It offers a pathway to achieve gender mainstreaming for women's economic security and the wellbeing of all Australians.

Thinking Like an Economist

Author : Elizabeth Popp Berman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691248885
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking Like an Economist by : Elizabeth Popp Berman

Equality

Author : John Baker
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230250416
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Equality by : John Baker

Download or read book Equality written by John Baker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can egalitarian ideals be put into action? This ground-breaking book sets out a new interdisciplinary model for equality studies. Integrating normative questions about the ideal of equality with empirical issues about the nature of inequality, it applies a new framework to a wide range of contemporary inequalities. Proposing far-reaching changes in the economy, politics, law, education and research practices, it sets out innovative political strategies for achieving those aims. It is an invaluable resource for both academics and activists.

Population Health Science

Author : Katherine M. Keyes
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190459395
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Population Health Science by : Katherine M. Keyes

Download or read book Population Health Science written by Katherine M. Keyes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCE formalizes an emerging discipline at the crossroads of social and medical sciences, demography, and economics--an emerging approach to population studies that represents a seismic shift in how traditional health sciences measure and observe health events. Bringing together theories and methods from diverse fields, this text provides grounding in the factors that shape population health. The overall approach is one of consequentialist science: designing creative studies that identify causal factors in health with multidisciplinary rigor. Distilled into nine foundational principles, this book guides readers through population science studies that strategically incorporate: · macrosocial factors · multilevel, lifecourse, and systems theories · prevention science fundamentals · return on investment · equity and efficiency Harnessing the power of scientific inquiry and codifying the knowledge base for a burgeoning field, POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCE arms readers with tools to shift the curve of population health.

Paying for Inequality

Author : Andrew Glyn
Publisher : Institute for Public Policy Research
ISBN 13 : 9781854890597
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Paying for Inequality by : Andrew Glyn

Download or read book Paying for Inequality written by Andrew Glyn and published by Institute for Public Policy Research. This book was released on 1994 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the relationship between equality and economic efficiency in a number of policy areas. Highlights cases where redistribution of resources would lead to greater economic efficiency. Includes some economic trends in the UK from 1970 to 1992.

Employment with a Human Face

Author : John W. Budd
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801442087
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Employment with a Human Face by : John W. Budd

Download or read book Employment with a Human Face written by John W. Budd and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John W. Budd contends that the turbulence of the current workplace and the importance of work for individuals and society make it vitally important that employment be given "a human face." Contradicting the traditional view of the employment relationship as a purely economic transaction, with business wanting efficiency and workers wanting income, Budd argues that equity and voice are equally important objectives. The traditional narrow focus on efficiency must be balanced with employees' entitlement to fair treatment (equity) and the opportunity to have meaningful input into decisions (voice), he says. Only through a greater respect for these human concerns can broadly shared prosperity, respect for human dignity, and equal appreciation for the competing human rights of property and labor be achieved.Budd proposes a fresh set of objectives for modern democracies--efficiency, equity, and voice--and supports this new triad with an intellectual framework for analyzing employment institutions and practices. In the process, he draws on scholarship from industrial relations, law, political science, moral philosophy, theology, psychology, sociology, and economics, and advances debates over free markets, globalization, human rights, and ethics. He applies his framework to important employment-related topics, such as workplace governance, the New Deal industrial relations system, comparative industrial relations, labor union strategies, and globalization. These analyses create a foundation for reforming employment practices, social norms, and public policies. In the book's final chapter, Budd advocates the creation of the field of human resources and industrial relations and explores the wider implications of this renewed conceptualization of industrial relations.