Epistemology and Natural Philosophy in the 18th Century

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030528539
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (285 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemology and Natural Philosophy in the 18th Century by : Danilo Capecchi

Download or read book Epistemology and Natural Philosophy in the 18th Century written by Danilo Capecchi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the process of transformation from natural philosophy, which was considered the most important of the sciences until the early modern era, into modern disciplines such as mathematics, physics, natural history, chemistry, medicine and engineering. It focuses on the 18th century, which has often been considered uninteresting for the history of science, representing the transition from the age of genius and the birth of modern science (the 17th century) to the age of prodigious development in the 19th century. Yet the 18th century, the century of Enlightenment, as will be demonstrated here, was in fact characterized by substantial ferment and novelty. To make the text more accessible, little emphasis has been placed on the precise genesis of the various concepts and methods developed in scientific enterprises, except when doing so was necessary to make them clear. For the sake of simplicity, in several situations reference is made to the authors who are famous today, such as Newton, the Bernoullis, Euler, dAlembert, Lagrange, Lambert, Volta et al. - not necessarily because they were the most creative and original minds, but mainly because their writings represent a synthesis of contemporary and past studies. The above names should, therefore, be considered more labels of a period than references to real historical characters.

Epistemology and Natural Philosophy in the 18th Century

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030528529
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemology and Natural Philosophy in the 18th Century by : Danilo Capecchi

Download or read book Epistemology and Natural Philosophy in the 18th Century written by Danilo Capecchi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-25 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the process of transformation from natural philosophy, which was considered the most important of the sciences until the early modern era, into modern disciplines such as mathematics, physics, natural history, chemistry, medicine and engineering. It focuses on the 18th century, which has often been considered uninteresting for the history of science, representing the transition from the age of genius and the birth of modern science (the 17th century) to the age of prodigious development in the 19th century. Yet the 18th century, the century of Enlightenment, as will be demonstrated here, was in fact characterized by substantial ferment and novelty. To make the text more accessible, little emphasis has been placed on the precise genesis of the various concepts and methods developed in scientific enterprises, except when doing so was necessary to make them clear. For the sake of simplicity, in several situations reference is made to the authors who are famous today, such as Newton, the Bernoullis, Euler, d’Alembert, Lagrange, Lambert, Volta et al. – not necessarily because they were the most creative and original minds, but mainly because their writings represent a synthesis of contemporary and past studies. The above names should, therefore, be considered more labels of a period than references to real historical characters.

Natural Philosophy Through the 18th Century and Allied Topics

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis Group
ISBN 13 : 9780850660555
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Philosophy Through the 18th Century and Allied Topics by : A. Ferguson

Download or read book Natural Philosophy Through the 18th Century and Allied Topics written by A. Ferguson and published by Taylor & Francis Group. This book was released on 1972 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century

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Publisher : History of Scottish Philosophy
ISBN 13 : 0199560676
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century by : Aaron Garrett

Download or read book Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century written by Aaron Garrett and published by History of Scottish Philosophy. This book was released on 2015 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'A History of Scottish Philosophy' is a series of collaborative studies, each volume being devoted to a specific period. This volume focuses on the intellectual context, and influence of Hutcheson, Hume, Smith, and Reid; moral and political philosophy, the sciences of man, and religion. The chapters explore the distinctively Scottish context of the Scottish Enlightenment, and juxtapose the work of canonical philosophers with contemporaries now very seldom read.

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy in Early Modern Europe

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191654256
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy in Early Modern Europe by : Desmond M. Clarke

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy in Early Modern Europe written by Desmond M. Clarke and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Handbook twenty-six leading scholars survey the development of philosophy between the middle of the sixteenth century and the early eighteenth century. The five parts of the book cover metaphysics and natural philosophy; the mind, the passions, and aesthetics; epistemology, logic, mathematics, and language; ethics and political philosophy; and religion. The period between the publication of Copernicus's De Revolutionibus and Berkeley's reflections on Newton and Locke saw one of the most fundamental changes in the history of our way of thinking about the universe. This radical transformation of worldview was partly a response to what we now call the Scientific Revolution; it was equally a reflection of political changes that were no less fundamental, which included the establishment of nation-states and some of the first attempts to formulate a theory of international rights and justice. Finally, the Reformation and its aftermath undermined the apparent unity of the Christian church in Europe and challenged both religious beliefs that had been accepted for centuries and the interpretation of the Bible on which they had been based. The Handbook surveys a number of the most important developments in the philosophy of the period, as these are expounded both in texts that have since become very familiar and in other philosophical texts that are undeservedly less well-known. It also reaches beyond the philosophy to make evident the fluidity of the boundary with science, and to consider the impact on philosophy of historical and political events—explorations, revolutions and reforms, inventions and discoveries. Thus it not only offers a guide to the most important areas of recent research, but also offers some new questions for historians of philosophy to pursue and to have indicated areas that are ripe for further exploration.

From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226089282
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences by : David Cahan

Download or read book From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences written by David Cahan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2003-09-15 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the nineteenth century, much of the modern scientific enterprise took shape: scientific disciplines were formed, institutions and communities were founded, and unprecedented applications to and interactions with other aspects of society and culture occurred. In this book, eleven leading historians of science assess what their field has taught us about this exciting time and identify issues that remain unexamined or require reconsideration. They treat both scientific disciplines—biology, physics, chemistry, the earth sciences, mathematics, and the social sciences—in their specific intellectual and sociocultural contexts as well as the broader topics of science and medicine; science and religion; scientific institutions and communities; and science, technology, and industry. Providing a much-needed overview and analysis of a rapidly expanding field, From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences will be essential for historians of science, but also of great interest to scholars of all aspects of nineteenth-century life and culture. Contributors: Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Jed Z. Buchwald, David Cahan, Joseph Dauben, Frederick Gregory, Michael Hagner, Sungook Hong, David R. Oldroyd, Theodore M. Porter, Robert J. Richards, Ulrich Wengenroth

The Theater of Experiment

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190627263
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Theater of Experiment by : Al Coppola

Download or read book The Theater of Experiment written by Al Coppola and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book-length study of the relationship between science and theater during the long eighteenth century in Britain, The Theater of Experiment explores the crucial role of spectacle in the establishment of modern science by analyzing how eighteenth-century science was "staged" in a double sense. On the one hand, this study analyzes science in performance: the way that science and scientists were made a public spectacle in comedies, farces, and pantomimes for purposes that could range from the satiric to the pedagogic to the hagiographic. But this book also considers the way in which these plays laid bare science as performance: that is, the way that eighteenth-century science was itself a kind of performing art, subject to regimes of stagecraft that traversed the laboratory, the lecture hall, the anatomy theater, and the public stage. Not only did the representation of natural philosophy in eighteenth-century plays like Thomas Shadwell's Virtuoso, Aphra Behn's The Emperor of the Moon, Susanna Centlivre's The Basset Table, and John Rich's Necromancer, or Harelequin Doctor Faustus, influence contemporary debates over the role that experimental science was to play public life, the theater shaped the very form that science itself was to take. By disciplining, and ultimately helping to legitimate, experimental philosophy, the eighteenth-century stage helped to naturalize an epistemology based on self-evident, decontextualized facts that might speak for themselves. In this, the stage and the lab jointly fostered an Enlightenment culture of spectacle that transformed the conditions necessary for the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge. Precisely because Enlightenment public science initiatives, taking their cue from the public stages, came to embrace the stagecraft and spectacle that Restoration natural philosophy sought to repress from the scene of experimental knowledge production, eighteenth-century science organized itself around not the sober, masculine "modest witness" of experiment but the sentimental, feminized, eager observer of scientific performance.

The Great Chain of Being

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674255429
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Chain of Being by : Arthur O. Lovejoy

Download or read book The Great Chain of Being written by Arthur O. Lovejoy and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1971-10-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From later antiquity down to the close of the eighteenth century, most philosophers and men of science and, indeed, most educated men, accepted without question a traditional view of the plan and structure of the world.In this volume, which embodies the William James lectures for 1933, Arthur O. Lovejoy points out the three principles—plenitude, continuity, and graduation—which were combined in this conception; analyzes their origins in the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and the Neoplatonists; traces the most important of their diverse samifications in subsequent religious thought, in metaphysics, in ethics and aesthetics, and in astronomical and biological theories; and copiously illustrates the influence of the conception as a whole, and of the ideas out of which it was compounded, upon the imagination and feelings as expressed in literature.

The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-century Philosophy

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521867436
Total Pages : 790 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (674 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-century Philosophy by : Knud Haakonssen

Download or read book The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-century Philosophy written by Knud Haakonssen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set presents a comprehensive and up-to-date history of eighteenth-century philosophy. The subject is treated systematically by topic, not by individual thinker, school, or movement, thus enabling a much more historically nuanced picture of the period to be painted.

Philosophy Begins in Wonder

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Publisher : James Clarke & Company
ISBN 13 : 0227903358
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (279 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy Begins in Wonder by : Michael Funk Deckard

Download or read book Philosophy Begins in Wonder written by Michael Funk Deckard and published by James Clarke & Company. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy begins with wonder, according to Plato and Aristotle. Yet Plato and Aristotle did not expand a great deal on what precisely wonder is. Does this fact alone not raise curiosity in us as to why this passion or concept is important? What is wonder's role in science, philosophy, or theology except to end thinking or theorizing as soon as one begins? The primary purpose of this book is to show how seventeenth- and eighteenth-century developments in natural theology, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, and the philosophy of science resulted in a complex history of the passion of wonder-a history in which the elements of continuation, criticism, and reformulation are equally present. Philosophy Begins in Wonder provides the first historical overview of wonder and changes the way we see early modern Europe. It is intended for readers who are curious-who wonder-about how modern philosophy and science were born. The book is for scholars and educated readers alike.

A History of Natural Philosophy

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521869315
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Natural Philosophy by : Edward Grant

Download or read book A History of Natural Philosophy written by Edward Grant and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-29 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how natural philosophy and exact mathematical sciences joined together to make the Scientific Revolution possible.

Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Lumières, Aufklärung

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400748108
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Lumières, Aufklärung by : Sébastien Charles

Download or read book Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Lumières, Aufklärung written by Sébastien Charles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Age of Enlightenment has often been portrayed as a dogmatic period on account of the veritable worship of reason and progress that characterized Eighteenth Century thinkers. Even today the philosophes are considered to have been completely dominated in their thinking by an optimism that leads to dogmatism and ultimately rationalism. However, on closer inspection, such a conception seems untenable, not only after careful study of the impact of scepticism on numerous intellectual domains in the period, but also as a result of a better understanding of the character of the Enlightenment. As Giorgio Tonelli has rightly observed: “the Enlightenment was indeed the Age of Reason but one of the main tasks assigned to reason in that age was to set its own boundaries.” Thus, given the growing number of works devoted to the scepticism of Enlightenment thinkers, historians of philosophy have become increasingly aware of the role played by scepticism in the Eighteenth Century, even in those places once thought to be most given to dogmatism, especially Germany. Nevertheless, the deficiencies of current studies of Enlightenment scepticism are undeniable. In taking up this question in particular, the present volume, which is entirely devoted to the scepticism of the Enlightenment in both its historical and geographical dimensions, seeks to provide readers with a revaluation of the alleged decline of scepticism. At the same time it attempts to resituate the Pyrrhonian heritage within its larger context and to recapture the fundamental issues at stake. The aim is to construct an alternative conception of Enlightenment philosophy, by means of philosophical modernity itself, whose initial stages can be found herein. ​

Religion, Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401597774
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Religion, Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe by : R. Crocker

Download or read book Religion, Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe written by R. Crocker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a variety of perspectives, the essays presented here explore the profound interdependence of natural philosophy and rational religion in the `long seventeenth century' that begins with the burning of Bruno in 1600 and ends with the Enlightenment in the early Eighteenth century. From the writings of Grotius on natural law and natural religion, and the speculative, libertin novels of Cyrano de Bergerac, to the better-known works of Descartes, Malebranche, Cudworth, Leibniz, Boyle, Spinoza, Newton, and Locke, an increasing emphasis was placed on the rational relationship between religious doctrine, natural law, and a personal divine providence. While evidence for this intrinsic relationship was to be located in different places - in the ideas already present in the mind, in the observations and experiments of the natural philosophers, and even in the history, present experience, and prophesied future of mankind - the result enabled and shaped the broader intellectual and scientific discourses of the Enlightenment.

Eighteenth-Century Dissent and Cambridge Platonism

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317228510
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Eighteenth-Century Dissent and Cambridge Platonism by : Louise Hickman

Download or read book Eighteenth-Century Dissent and Cambridge Platonism written by Louise Hickman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteenth-Century Dissent and Cambridge Platonism identifies an ethically and politically engaged philosophy of religion in eighteenth century Rational Dissent, particularly in the work of Richard Price (1723-1791), and in the radical thought of Mary Wollstonecraft. It traces their ethico-political account of reason, natural theology and human freedom back to seventeenth century Cambridge Platonism and thereby shows how popular histories of the philosophy of religion in modernity have been over-determined both by analytic philosophy of religion and by its critics. The eighteenth century has typically been portrayed as an age of reason, defined as a project of rationalism, liberalism and increasing secularisation, leading inevitably to nihilism and the collapse of modernity. Within this narrative, the Rational Dissenters have been accused of being the culmination of eighteenth-century rationalism in Britain, epitomising the philosophy of modernity. This book challenges this reading of history by highlighting the importance of teleology, deiformity, the immutability of goodness and the divinity of reason within the tradition of Rational Dissent, and it demonstrates that the philosophy and ethics of both Price and Wollstonecraft are profoundly theological. Price’s philosophy of political liberty, and Wollstonecraft’s feminism, both grounded in a Platonic conception of freedom, are perfectionist and radical rather than liberal. This has important implications for understanding the political nature of eighteenth-century philosophical theology: these thinkers represent not so much a shaking off of religion by secular rationality but a challenge to religious and political hegemony. By distinguishing Price and Wollstonecraft from other forms of rationalism including deism and Socinianism, this book takes issue with the popular division of eighteenth-century philosophy into rationalistic and empirical strands and, through considering the legacy of Cambridge Platonism, draws attention to an alternative philosophy of religion that lies between both empiricism and discursive inference.

Causation and Laws of Nature in Early Modern Philosophy

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199570434
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation and Laws of Nature in Early Modern Philosophy by : Walter Ott

Download or read book Causation and Laws of Nature in Early Modern Philosophy written by Walter Ott and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causation and Laws of Nature in Early Modern Philosophy is a study of one of the most important debates in 17th- and 18th-century philosophy: the nature of causation. Ott offers controversial readings of such canonical figures as Descartes, Locke, and Hume, and explores related topics such as intentionality, necessity, and relations.

Scientific Cosmology and International Orders

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110827143X
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Cosmology and International Orders by : Bentley B. Allan

Download or read book Scientific Cosmology and International Orders written by Bentley B. Allan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Cosmology and International Orders shows how scientific ideas have transformed international politics since 1550. Allan argues that cosmological concepts arising from Western science made possible the shift from a sixteenth century order premised upon divine providence to the present order centred on economic growth. As states and other international associations used scientific ideas to solve problems, they slowly reconfigured ideas about how the world works, humanity's place in the universe, and the meaning of progress. The book demonstrates the rise of scientific ideas across three cases: natural philosophy in balance of power politics, 1550–1815; geology and Darwinism in British colonial policy and international colonial orders, 1860–1950; and cybernetic-systems thinking and economics in the World Bank and American liberal order, 1945–2015. Together, the cases trace the emergence of economic growth as a central end of states from its origins in colonial doctrines of development and balance of power thinking about improvement.

The Critique of Judgment

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Publisher : DigiCat
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

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Book Synopsis The Critique of Judgment by : Immanuel Kant

Download or read book The Critique of Judgment written by Immanuel Kant and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Critique of Judgment, also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment and more commonly referred to as the third Critique, is a philosophical work by Immanuel Kant. Critique of Judgment completes the Critical project begun in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason (the first and second Critiques, respectively). The book is divided into two main sections: the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and the Critique of Teleological Judgment, and also includes a large overview of the entirety of Kant's Critical system, arranged in its final form. The end result of Kant's Critical Project is that there are certain fundamental antinomies in human Reason, most particularly that there is a complete inability to favor on the one hand the argument that all behavior and thought is determined by external causes, and on the other that there is an actual "spontaneous" causal principle at work in human behavior._x000D_ Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable. Kant took himself to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy, akin to Copernicus' reversal of the age-old belief that the sun revolved around the earth._x000D_