Enzyme Activities In Soils As Affected By Management Practices

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Enzyme Activities in Soils as Affected by Management Practices

Author : Mine Ekenler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (528 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzyme Activities in Soils as Affected by Management Practices by : Mine Ekenler

Download or read book Enzyme Activities in Soils as Affected by Management Practices written by Mine Ekenler and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were undertaken to investigate the long-term effects of lime application and tillage systems (no-till, ridge-till, and chisel plow) on soil microbial biomass C (C[subscript mic]) and N (N[subscript mic]) and the activities of glycosidases ([alpha]- and [beta]-glucosidases, [alpha]- and [beta]-galactosidases and [beta]-glucosaminidase); phosphatases (acid and alkaline phoshatases and phosphodiesterase); amidohydrolases (L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, amidase, urease, and L-aspartase); and arylamidase at their optimal pH values. With the exception of acid phosphatase, which was significantly but negatively correlated, all other enzyme activities were significantly and positively correlated with soil pH values at four sites in Iowa. [Delta] activity/[Delta] pH values showed that among the enzymes studied [beta]-glucosidase, L-glutaminase, and acid phosphatase are the most sensitive to pH changes and could be used as tools for monitoring ecosystems health and function. The effect of crop rotations and N fertilization on [beta]-glucosaminidase activity and its relationship to N mineralization were studied in soils of two long-term field experiments in Iowa. The activity of [beta]-glucosaminidase was significantly affected by crop rotations and N fertilization, and was significantly correlated with C[subscript org] and N[subscript org], C[subscript mic], and N[subscript mic] in soils, and with cumulative N mineralized during 24 weeks of incubation at 30°C. Studies to evaluate the effects of 23 trace elements on the activity of [beta]-glucosaminidase in three Iowa surface soils showed that at 5 mmol kg−1 soil, the activity of this enzyme was inhibited by 18, and activated by 5, of the trace elements tested, with Ag(I) and Hg(II) being the most effective inhibitors. Also, the activity of this enzyme was significantly affected by tillage systems (no-till, chisel plow, and moldboard plow) and four residue placements (bare, normal, mulch, and double mulch). Other studies showed that the amounts of N mineralized in 56 surface soils, obtained from six states in the North Central region of the United States, by two biological and three chemical methods were significantly correlated with [beta]-glucosaminidase activity, and with organic C and total N. The amounts of N mineralized during 14 days of incubation of field-moist soils under waterlogged conditions at 30°C were the most significantly correlated with [beta]-glucosaminidase activity (r=0.86***).

Methods of Soil Enzymology

Author : Richard P. Dick
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0891188541
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods of Soil Enzymology by : Richard P. Dick

Download or read book Methods of Soil Enzymology written by Richard P. Dick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods of Soil Enzymology provides the first comprehensive set of vetted methods for studying enzymes in soils. Readers will especially benefit from the step-by-step explanation of the lab procedures, as well as background information for using these methods effectively and analyzing data. Main topics include activity assays, enzyme extraction, and synthetic enzyme complexes. Each method covered includes background informaton, step-by-step descriptions of the procedure, and special comments regarding nuances, pitfalls, and interpretation of the method. Learn the latest research methods, including enzyme extraction methods and procedures for creating synthetic enzyme complexes, as well as the newest ways to use small-scale and high-throughput methods for enzyme activity assays. Written for the researcher, but welcoming to those new to soil enzymology, the introduction includes conceptual information to orient those who are not familiar with these methods but want to use them. In the tradition of SSSA methods books, Methods of Soil Enzymology features a comprehensive approach with a focus on ease of use.

Enzymology of Disturbed Soils

Author : S. Kiss
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080531148
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymology of Disturbed Soils by : S. Kiss

Download or read book Enzymology of Disturbed Soils written by S. Kiss and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-10-21 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disturbance of soils, like other phenomena of environmental pollution, encountered in so many areas all over the world, has become a subject of extensive concern and has led to a vast amount of literature in the field of enzymology, too.The book is the first comprehensive and updated review of the enzymological literature on three great categories of disturbed soils, including their remediation. The volume consists of three sections: I. Enzymology of oil-contaminated soils; II. Enzymology of soils affected by industrial emissions; and III, enzymology of technogenic soils. Within each section the reviewed studies are grouped by country.The volume will be of great value to soil scientists, environmental scientists, conservationists, and many other scientists in these and related fields.

Effects of Redox Potential and Soil Management Practices on Enzyme Activities of Soils

Author : Jorge Arturo Briceño-Salazar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Redox Potential and Soil Management Practices on Enzyme Activities of Soils by : Jorge Arturo Briceño-Salazar

Download or read book Effects of Redox Potential and Soil Management Practices on Enzyme Activities of Soils written by Jorge Arturo Briceño-Salazar and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Applied Manure and Nutrient Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Author : Zhongqi He
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401788073
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Manure and Nutrient Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment by : Zhongqi He

Download or read book Applied Manure and Nutrient Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment written by Zhongqi He and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the rapid increase in world population and improving living standards, the global agriculture sector is confronting with challenges for the sustainability of agricultural production and of the environment. Intensive high-yield agriculture is typically dependent on addition of fertilizers (synthetic chemicals, animal manure, etc.). However, non-point nutrient losses from agricultural fields due to fertilization could adversely impact the environment. Increased knowledge on plant nutrient chemistry is required for improving utilization efficiency and minimizing loses from both inorganic and organic nutrient sources. For this purpose, the book is composed of 19 chapters that highlight recent research activities in applied nutrient chemistry geared toward sustainable agriculture and environment. Topics of interest include, but are not limited, to speciation, quantification, and interactions of various plant nutrients and relevant contributories in manure, soil, and plants. This book outlooks emerging researchable issues on alternative utilization and environmental monitoring of manure and other agricultural by products that may stimulate new research ideas and direction in the relevant fields.

Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2

Author : Richard W. Weaver
Publisher : ACSESS
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1164 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 by : Richard W. Weaver

Download or read book Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 written by Richard W. Weaver and published by ACSESS. This book was released on 1994 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil sampling for microbiological analysis; Statistical treatment of microbial data; Soil sterilization; Soil water potencial; Most probable number counts; Light microscopic methods for studying soil microorganisms; Viruses; Recovery and enumeration of viable bacteria; Coliform bacteria; Autotrophic nitrifying bacteria; Free-living dinitrogen-fixing bacteria; Legume nodule symbionts; Anaerobic bacteria and processes; Denitrifiers; Actiomycetes; Frankia and the actinorhizal symbiosis; Filamentous fungi; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Isolation of microorganisms producting antibiotics; Microbiological procedures for biodegradation research; Algae and cyanobacteria; Marking soil bacteria with lacZY; Detection of specific DNA sequences in environmental sample via polymerase chaim reaction; Isolation and purification of bacterial DNA from soil; Microbial biomass; Soil enzymes; Carbon mineralization; Isotopic methods for the study of soil organic matter dynamics ; Practical considerations in the use of nitrogen tracers in agricultural and environmental research; Nitrogen availability; Nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification; Dinitrogen fixation; Measuring denitrification in the field; Sulfur oxidation and reduction in soils; Iron and manganese oxidation and reduction.

Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming

Author : Jacqueline E. Mohan
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128134933
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming by : Jacqueline E. Mohan

Download or read book Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming written by Jacqueline E. Mohan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-27 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming: Microbes, Vegetation, Fauna and Soil Biogeochemistry focuses on biotic and biogeochemical responses to warmer soils including plant and microbial evolution. It covers various field settings, such as arctic tundra; alpine meadows; temperate, tropical and subalpine forests; drylands; and grassland ecosystems. Information integrates multiple natural science disciplines, providing a holistic, integrative approach that will help readers understand and forecast future planetwide responses to soil warming. Students and educators will find this book informative for understanding biotic and biogeochemical responses to changing climatic conditions. Scientists from a wide range of disciplines, including soil scientists, ecologists, geneticists, as well as molecular, evolutionary and conservation biologists, will find this book a valuable resource in understanding and planning for warmer climate conditions. Emphasizes biological components of soils, plants and microbes that provide linkages to physics and chemistry Brings together chapters written by global scientific experts with interests in communication and education Includes coverage of polar, alpine, tropical, temperate and dryland ecosystems

Soil Enzyme Activity Under Long-term Fertilizer Use

Author : Asit Mandal
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659403767
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Enzyme Activity Under Long-term Fertilizer Use by : Asit Mandal

Download or read book Soil Enzyme Activity Under Long-term Fertilizer Use written by Asit Mandal and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken at long-term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) fields of IARI research farm, New Delhi, to assess the effect of long term fertilizer application over 35 years on the activity of selected soil enzymes, nutrient availability and acquisition during three physiological stages of wheat growth. Soil enzymes play a significant role in the transformation of nutrients and their availability to plants. Most of the researchers studied the effect of long-term fertilizer and crop management practices on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities before or after the crop growing seasons. Since soil enzymes are much influenced by rhizospheric conditions, it is important to understand the level of soil enzyme activities and nutrient availability during various stages of plant growth. Hence this experiment was conducted to assess soil enzyme activity affecting nutrient availability and uptake in wheat due to long-term application of fertilizers and manures.

The Use of Soil Enzyme Activities and Active Carbon as Indicators of Soil Quality in Response to Management Practices

Author : Tracy Woodruff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (589 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Soil Enzyme Activities and Active Carbon as Indicators of Soil Quality in Response to Management Practices by : Tracy Woodruff

Download or read book The Use of Soil Enzyme Activities and Active Carbon as Indicators of Soil Quality in Response to Management Practices written by Tracy Woodruff and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle

Author : Rattan Lal
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351415751
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle by : Rattan Lal

Download or read book Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World soils contain about 1500 gigatons of organic carbon. This large carbon reserve can increase atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by soil misuse or mismanagement, or it can reverse the 'greenhouse' effect by judicious land use and proper soil management. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle describes soil processes and their effects on the global carbon cycle while relating soil properties to soil quality and potential and actual carbon reserves in the soil. In addition, this book deals with modeling the carbon cycle in soil, and with methods of soil carbon determinations.

Soil Enzymes

Author : Roger George Burns
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Enzymes by : Roger George Burns

Download or read book Soil Enzymes written by Roger George Burns and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of abiontic soil ensyme research; Origin and range of enzymes in soil; kinetics and consecutive reactions of soil enzymes; Soil polysaccharidases: activity and agricultural importance; Urease activity in soils; Soil phosphatase and sulphatase; Interactions between agrochemicals and soil enzymes; Enzyme activity in soil: some theoretical and practical considerations; Methodology of soil enzyme measurement and extraction.

Enzyme Measurements Increases Understanding of Effects of Land Management

Author : Paul Igboji
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781536823721
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzyme Measurements Increases Understanding of Effects of Land Management by : Paul Igboji

Download or read book Enzyme Measurements Increases Understanding of Effects of Land Management written by Paul Igboji and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-07-31 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes show extraordinary specificity in catalysing biological reactions. A systematic classification of enzymes has been adopted on the recommendation of the International Enzyme Commission. The new system divides enzymes into six major classes, which are subdivided further into subclasses according to the type of reaction catalysed. For example a recommended name, a systematic name and a classification name for phosphodiesterase is phosphoric diester hydrolase while its classification number is EC 3.1.4. Research into soil enzymes has increased steadily over the last 30 years. Various activities associated with biotic and abiotic components contribute to the overall activity of soil enzymes. According to some scientists an enzyme may be associated physically with proliferating animal, microbial, and plant cells and it may be located in the cytoplasm in the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria or attached to the outer surface of cells. They can also be present in non-proliferating cells (for example, microbial spores or protozoan cysts), in entirely dead cells or in cell debris. Other enzymes are present as an extracellular soluble molecule. They can also be temporarily associated in enzyme-substrate complexes, adsorbed to clay minerals or associated with humic colloids. Some of these categories according to experts may represent various stages in the life of an enzyme. An intracellular enzyme may still function after the cell dies and thus it becomes associated with cell debris. It may be released in the aqueous phase and may eventually be adsorbed in an active form by soil colloids. Enzyme-clay and enzyme-organic polymer complexes show remarkable resistance to proteolytic and thermal denaturation. Several methods exist for the measurement of enzyme activities. Experts cautioned about the interpretation of results arising from measurement of soil enzyme activities. According to these authors these measurements represent the maximum potential because the incubation conditions for enzymes assays are chosen to ensure optimum rates of catalysis. Thus the concentration of substrate is in excess and the optimum values of pH and temperature are selected to permit the highest rate of enzyme activity. Also the volume of the reaction mix is such that it allows free diffusion of substrate. Hence the problems arising from the interpretation of measured soil enzyme activity have often led to the conclusion that soil enzyme assays have no meaning in ecological and agricultural terms. Enzymes measurements do answer qualitative questions about specific metabolic processes, and in combination with other measurements (ATP, AEC, CO2 evolution), may increase the understanding of the effect of agrochemicals, cultivation practices, and environmental and climatic factors on the microbiological activity of soil. For example, some scientists discovered that enzyme activity was higher in the uppermost 20 cm of soil in plots tilled by shallow ploughing; this was not the situation in soils tilled by deep ploughing. This book explores in detail enzyme measurements as it affects understanding of land management practices.

Climate Change and Soil Interactions

Author : Majeti Narasimha Var Prasad
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128180331
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change and Soil Interactions by : Majeti Narasimha Var Prasad

Download or read book Climate Change and Soil Interactions written by Majeti Narasimha Var Prasad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change and Soil Interactions examines soil system interactions and conservation strategies regarding the effects of climate change. It presents cutting-edge research in soil carbonization, soil biodiversity, and vegetation. As a resource for strategies in maintaining various interactions for eco-sustainability, topical chapters address microbial response and soil health in relation to climate change, as well as soil improvement practices. Understanding soil systems, including their various physical, chemical, and biological interactions, is imperative for regaining the vitality of soil system under changing climatic conditions. This book will address the impact of changing climatic conditions on various beneficial interactions operational in soil systems and recommend suitable strategies for maintaining such interactions. Climate Change and Soil Interactions enables agricultural, ecological, and environmental researchers to obtain up-to-date, state-of-the-art, and authoritative information regarding the impact of changing climatic conditions on various soil interactions and presents information vital to understanding the growing fields of biodiversity, sustainability, and climate change. Addresses several sustainable development goals proposed by the UN as part of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development Presents a wide variety of relevant information in a unique style corroborated with factual cases, colour images, and case studies from across the globe Recommends suitable strategies for maintaining soil system interactions under changing climatic conditions

Enzymes in the Environment

Author : Richard G. Burns
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0824744209
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymes in the Environment by : Richard G. Burns

Download or read book Enzymes in the Environment written by Richard G. Burns and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-01-29 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to understand the biological processes that are important for essential aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem function has prompted much research into the field of ecological enzymology. This book presents the two broad areas of application in a compilation of reviews by 21 international experts in their respective fields. The first explores enzymatic activities to assess the processes or mechanisms that operate in a given system, such as the rhizosphere, plant leaves and shoots, soil surfaces, and biofilms. The second considers enzymes or microbial cells as sensors to detect microbial activity and stresses due to pollution, management, or climatic change in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

Soil Heavy Metals

Author : Irena Sherameti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364202436X
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Heavy Metals by : Irena Sherameti

Download or read book Soil Heavy Metals written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-12 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities have dramatically changed the composition and organisation of soils. Industrial and urban wastes, agricultural application and also mining activities resulted in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soils. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation and the sophisticated techniques developed for survival in contaminated soils is discussed in this volume. The topics presented include: the general role of heavy metals in biological soil systems; the relation of inorganic and organic pollutions; heavy metal, salt tolerance and combined effects with salinity; effects on abuscular mycorrhizal and on saprophytic soil fungi; heavy metal resistance by streptomycetes; trace element determination of environmental samples; the use of microbiological communities as indicators; phytostabilization of lead polluted sites by native plants; effects of soil earthworms on removal of heavy metals and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated tropical land.

Soil Enzymes

Author : Naga Raju Maddela
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319426559
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Enzymes by : Naga Raju Maddela

Download or read book Soil Enzymes written by Naga Raju Maddela and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses issues arising from discharge of effluents from sugar industry on to surrounding land or into a water body such as physicochemical properties of soil, changes in the micro flora, quantification of soil enzyme activities as influenced by effluents. Disposal of effluents without neutralization has become general practice. These effluents are chemically heterogeneous, contain organic and inorganic pollutants including, sugar baggage, molasses, carbonates, bicarbonates. The impact of sugar industry effluents on microbial activities in terrestrial ecosystem is scanty. There is also significant interest in the study of soil enzymes because such effect reflects the potential capacity of a soil to perform certain biological transformation of soil fertility.

Biological Indicators of Soil Health

Author : Clive Pankhurst
Publisher : Cabi
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Indicators of Soil Health by : Clive Pankhurst

Download or read book Biological Indicators of Soil Health written by Clive Pankhurst and published by Cabi. This book was released on 1997 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Defining and assessing soil health and sustainable productivity 2. The relationship of soil health to ecosystem health 3. Rationale for developing bioindicators of soil health 4. Bioindicators: perspectives and potential for land users, researchers and policy makers 5. Soil microbial biomass, activity and nutrient cycling as indicators of soil health 6. Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health 7. Soil microflora as bioindicators of soil health 8. Potential use of plant root pathogens as bioindicators of soil health 9. Soil microfauna as bioindicators of soil health 10. Community structure of soil arthropods as a bioindicator of soil health 11. Can the abundance or activity of soil macrofauna be used to indicate the biological health of soils? 12. Biodiversity of soil organisms as indicators of soil health 13. Biomonitoring of soil health by plants 14. Bioindicators to detect contamination of soils with special reference to heavy metals 15. Chemical and molecular approaches for rapid assessment of the biological status of soils 16. Use of genetically modified microbial biosensors for soil ecotoxicity testing 17. Biological indicators of soil health: synthesis.