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Environmental And Human Safety Of Major Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Alcohol Ethoxylates And Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
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Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants by : Sylvia S. Talmage
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants written by Sylvia S. Talmage and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-09-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described. Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants: Nonionic surfactants: alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates by :
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants: Nonionic surfactants: alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants by :
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodegradability of Surfactants by : D.R. Karsa
Download or read book Biodegradability of Surfactants written by D.R. Karsa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-12-31 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability'.
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants by : Sylvia S. Talmage
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants written by Sylvia S. Talmage and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described. Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants: Anionic surfactants. pt. 1. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. pt. 2. Alcohol ethoxy sulfates. pt. 3. Alkyl sulfates by :
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants: Anionic surfactants. pt. 1. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. pt. 2. Alcohol ethoxy sulfates. pt. 3. Alkyl sulfates written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants; Volume 1, Anionic Surfactants, Part 2, Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfates by :
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants; Volume 1, Anionic Surfactants, Part 2, Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfates written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical reviews of published literature and unpublished company data on major surfactants. Part 2 of volume 1 discusses the chemistry, biodegradation, environmental effects and safety and human safety of alcohol ethoxy sulfates. Update to two previous documents on human safety and environmental aspects of major surfactants.
Book Synopsis Detergency of Specialty Surfactants by : Floyd Friedli
Download or read book Detergency of Specialty Surfactants written by Floyd Friedli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-02-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume seeks to advance cost-effective methods using newly-developed surfactants. It summarizes data from physical, chemical, surface, detergency, cleaning, toxicity and environmental sources for designing new formulations of classic organic head-tail surfactants in response to increased environmental, toxicity, safety and performance demands.
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants by :
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants by :
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Biodegradation and Sorption in Determining the Fate of Nonionic Surfactants in the Environment by : Kathleen A. Wight
Download or read book The Role of Biodegradation and Sorption in Determining the Fate of Nonionic Surfactants in the Environment written by Kathleen A. Wight and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Risk Assessment of Alcohol Ethoxylate Nonionic Surfactant by : S. E. Belanger
Download or read book Environmental Risk Assessment of Alcohol Ethoxylate Nonionic Surfactant written by S. E. Belanger and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-Ethoxylates in Surfactant Products by : Sau-Mei Teresa Leung
Download or read book Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-Ethoxylates in Surfactant Products written by Sau-Mei Teresa Leung and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-ethoxylates in Surfactant Products: Need Control or Not?: an Overview of Their Consumption, Environmental Fate and Risks and Public Awareness in Hong Kong as Compared to Overseas Countries" by Sau-mei, Teresa, Leung, 梁秀媚, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO), both are alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), a type of non-ionic surfactants commonly used in synthetic detergents for household and industrial cleaning purposes. These compounds and their degraded intermediates are xenoestrogens ubiquitously found in runoffs, sewage discharge and sludge. Not only that they persist in our surface waters and sediment, they are also found in the bodies of wildlife and human worldwide. Because of their high volume consumed and their nature as semi-persistent pollutants as well as endocrine disruptors, many developed countries have renounced their use on voluntary basis or through regulatory measure. Hong Kong is situated at the estuary of Pearl River Delta, which is one of the pollution hotspots. It is susceptible to its own water pollutants from municipal sewage ( 1,054 million m3/year) and also the discharge ( 3.0x109m3/ year) along the river from the industrialized and urbanized Mainland China cities. The local environment and human health are exposed to risks of these chemicals ascribed to rising consumption of detergents and their insufficient removal by sewage treatment, in addition to food intake in particular seafood. However, public awareness about APEO and endocrine disrupting chemicals is low due to no mandatory disclosure and control of these chemicals as well as the uncertainties about their chronic toxicity, based on the survey results of online questionnaires. Several recommendations have been made with reference to overseas regulatory measures and good practices to control and reduce the use of these chemicals. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5099119 Subjects: Surface active agents - Environmental aspects - China - Hong Kong
Book Synopsis Human Safety and Environmental Aspects of Major Surfactants by : Arthur D. Little, Inc
Download or read book Human Safety and Environmental Aspects of Major Surfactants written by Arthur D. Little, Inc and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants; Volume 1, Anionic Surfactants, Part 3, Alkyl Sulfates by :
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants; Volume 1, Anionic Surfactants, Part 3, Alkyl Sulfates written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical reviews of published literature and unpublished company data on major surfactants. Part 3 of volume 1 discusses the chemistry, biodegradation, environmental effects and safety and human safety of alkyl sulfates. Update to two previous documents on human safety and environmental aspects of major surfactants.
Book Synopsis Analysis and Fate of Surfactants in the Aquatic Environment by : Thomas P. Knepper
Download or read book Analysis and Fate of Surfactants in the Aquatic Environment written by Thomas P. Knepper and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-08-22 with total page 995 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of the fate and behaviour of organic chemicals, such as surfactants, in the environment is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of human health and ecosystems. As surfactants are being produced in huge amounts, it is important to have a detailed knowledge about their lifetime in the environment, their biodegradability in wastewater treatment plants and in natural waters, and their ecotoxicity. Parameters relevant for the assessment of long-term behaviour, such as interactions with hormonal systems need to be understood to avoid unexpected adverse effects to future generations of people and the environment. However, the identification and quantification of commercial surfactants in the environment is made more complicated and cumbersome because they comprise of tens to hundreds of homologues, oligomers and isomers of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric compounds.The EU-funded PRISTINE project (Priority surfactants and their toxic metabolites in wastewater effluents: An integrated study; ENV4-CT97-0494) provides the basis for the content of this title. It provides policy makers and industry with detailed information on analysis and concentrations of surfactants and their degradation products in the environment.In addition to a general introduction to surfactants, this book comprises a comprehensive variety of analytical techniques, including sample handling, for the analysis of surfactants in the aquatic environment. Readers will find all the necessary information for analyzing the different groups of surfactants, with special emphasis on transformation products. Quality assurance is also reported on in detail. Chapters on toxicity and risk assessment are also included and give a complete perspective on the surfactants problem in the aquatic environment. · Presents the finding of EU-funded research into fate and behaviour of organic chemicals in the environment· Comprises a comprehensive variety of analytical techniques, including sample handling, for the analysis of surfactants in the aquatic environment· Provides relevant information to all groups working in the field of surfactants
Download or read book 4th World Surfactants Congress written by and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 1996 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of books offers the latest available information on the state of the surfactants world today.
