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Engineered Biomimicry
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Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Akhlesh Lakhtakia and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineered Biomimicry covers a broad range of research topics in the emerging discipline of biomimicry. Biologically inspired science and technology, using the principles of math and physics, has led to the development of products as ubiquitous as VelcroTM (modeled after the spiny hooks on plant seeds and fruits). Readers will learn to take ideas and concepts like this from nature, implement them in research, and understand and explain diverse phenomena and their related functions. From bioinspired computing and medical products to biomimetic applications like artificial muscles, MEMS, textiles and vision sensors, Engineered Biomimicry explores a wide range of technologies informed by living natural systems. Engineered Biomimicry helps physicists, engineers and material scientists seek solutions in nature to the most pressing technical problems of our times, while providing a solid understanding of the important role of biophysics. Some physical applications include adhesion superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning, structural coloration, photonic devices, biomaterials and composite materials, sensor systems, robotics and locomotion, and ultra-lightweight structures. Explores biomimicry, a fast-growing, cross-disciplinary field in which researchers study biological activities in nature to make critical advancements in science and engineering Introduces bioinspiration, biomimetics, and bioreplication, and provides biological background and practical applications for each Cutting-edge topics include bio-inspired robotics, microflyers, surface modification and more
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Michael S. Ellison
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Michael S. Ellison and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a sense, the archetype of bioinspiration for materials design and use is textiles. The field of biomimesis has spawned many new materials and continues to be a fruitful field of investigation. This chapter presents the current state of bioinspiration in textiles, how this has resulted in improved fibrous materials, how it may inform our continued progress. Because I have found many preconceived notions about the field that need addressing before the application of biomimetics to textiles can be truly appreciated, I begin with an introduction to textiles. Next, naturally enough, the discipline of biomimesis is introduced and then fleshed out in terms of its textile engineering importance. Following this, some details on fiber and textile science and engineering are discussed and biological concepts germane to our topic are presented. In the last step in this journey, the marriage of biomimesis and textiles is performed and some consequences revealed. Finally, I offer some prognostications on the topic.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Ranjan Vepa
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Ranjan Vepa and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some basic features of biomimetic robotics and the technologies that are facilitating their development are discussed in this chapter. The emergence of smart materials and structures, smart sensors and actuators capable of mimicking biological transducers, bio-inspired signal-processing techniques, modeling and control of manipulators resembling biological limbs, and the shape control of flexible systems are the primary areas in which recent technological advances have taken place. Some key applications of these technological developments in the design of morphing airfoils, modeling and control of anthropomorphic manipulators and muscle activation modeling, and control for human limb prosthetic and orthotic applications are discussed. Also discussed, with some typical examples, are the related developments in the application of nonlinear optimal control and estimation, which are fundamental to the success of biomimetic robotics.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Natalia Dushkina
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Natalia Dushkina and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural colors originate in the scattering of light from ordered microstructures, thin films, and even irregular arrays of electrically small particles, but they are not produced by pigments. Examples include the flashing sparks of colors in opals and the brilliant hues of some butterflies such as Morpho rhetenor. Structural colors can be implemented industrially to produce structurally colored paints, fabrics, cosmetics, and sensors.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Mohammad Mirkhalaf
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Mohammad Mirkhalaf and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials such as bone, teeth, and seashells possess remarkable combinations of properties despite the poor structural quality of their ingredients (brittle minerals and soft proteins). Nacre from mollusk shells is 3,000 times tougher than the brittle mineral it is made of, a level of toughness amplification currently unmatched by any engineering material. For this reason, nacre has become the model for bio-inspiration for novel structural materials. The structure of nacre is organized over several length scales, but the microscopic brick-and-mortar arrangement of the mineral tablets is prominent. This staggered structure provides a universal approach to arranging hard building blocks in nature and is also found in bone and teeth. Recent models have demonstrated how an attractive combination of stiffness, strength, and toughness can be achieved through the staggered structure. The fabrication of engineering materials that duplicate the structure, mechanics, and properties of natural nacre still present formidable challenges to this day.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Cameron H.G. Wright
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Cameron H.G. Wright and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter is focused on vision sensors based on both mammalian and insect vision systems. Typically, the former uses a single large-aperture lens system and a large, high-resolution focal plane array; the latter uses many small-aperture lenses, each coupled to a small group of photodetectors. The strengths and weaknesses of each type of design are discussed, along with some guidelines for designing such sensors. A brief review of basic optical engineering, including simple diffraction theory and mathematical tools such as Fourier optics, is followed by a demonstration of how to match an optical system to some collection of photodetectors. Modeling and simulations performed with tools such as Zemax and MATLAB® are described for better understanding of both optical and neural aspects of biological vision systems and how they may be adapted to an artificial vision sensor. A biomimetic vision system based on the common housefly, Musca domestica, is discussed.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Princeton Carter
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Princeton Carter and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffold architectures that closely approximate or effectively mimic native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for regenerative success. In tissue engineering, native differentiable cells are incorporated into 3D scaffolds along with growth factors and other proteins. Materials used for the 3D scaffold construction must be biocompatible and bioresorbable to minimize adverse reactions during tissue regeneration. A 3D architecture is created by utilizing materials with specific surface properties, porosity, mechanical strength, etc., to improve desired cell activity and enhance tissue growth. Ideal 3D scaffolds should also not only have hierarchical macroporous structures comparable to those of living tissue, but they should also have surface features on the nanometer scale to improve cell adhesion and accelerate cell in growth.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Raúl J. Martín-Palma
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Raúl J. Martín-Palma and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term vapor deposition encompasses a large palette of techniques essential for both the reproduction of certain structural features of a biotemplate and the replication of a biotemplate. Physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, and molecular beam epitaxy are succinctly described in this chapter in the context of engineered biomimicry.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Thamira Hindo
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Thamira Hindo and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though current micro-nano fabrication technology has reached integration levels at which ultra-sensitive sensors can be fabricated, the sensing performance (bits per Joule) of synthetic systems are still orders of magnitude inferior to those observed in neurobiology. For example, the filiform hair in crickets operates at fundamental limits of noise and energy efficiency. Another example is the auditory sensor in the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea that can precisely localize ultra-faint acoustic signatures in spite of the underlying physical limitations. Even though many of these biological marvels have served as inspirations for different types of neuromorphic sensors, the main focus of these designs has been to faithfully replicate the biological functions, without considering the constructive role of noise. In manmade sensors, device and sensor noise are typically considered nuisances, whereas in neurobiology noise has been shown to be a computational aid that enables sensing and operation at fundamental limits of energy efficiency and performance. In this chapter, we describe some of the important noise exploitation and adaptation principles observed in neurobiology and how they can be systematically used for designing neuromorphic sensors. Our focus is on two types of noise exploitation principles, namely, (a) stochastic resonance and (b) noise shaping, which are unified within a framework called ΣΔ learning. As a case study, we describe the application of ΣΔ learning for the design of a miniature acoustic source localizer, the performance of which matches that of its biological counterpart (O. ochracea).
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Erwin A. Vogler
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Erwin A. Vogler and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal motivation behind surface engineering and modification for improved biocompatibility of a biomaterial is to control interactions of the biomaterial with components of living systems or subsets thereof in a manner that mimics the normal physiological state or produces a desired change in biological state. This pursuit of biomimicry is discussed in this chapter within the context of the core mechanisms of the biological response to materials. A tutorial on surfaces, interfaces, and interphases leads to the identification of specific targets for surface engineering and modification. These targets include water wettability (surface energy), surface chemistry, surface chemical patterns and surface textures, and surface presentation of biomimetic motifs. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the essential conceptual tools required for building a biomaterials surface science laboratory, illustrated with an example of modifying surfaces for improved cardiovascular biomaterials.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Jayant Sirohi
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Jayant Sirohi and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter describes recent developments in the area of manmade microflyers. The design space for microflyers is described, along with fundamental physical limits to miniaturizing mechanisms, energy storage, and electronics. Aspects of aerodynamics at the scale of microflyers are discussed. Microflyer concepts developed by a number of researchers are described in detail. Because the focus is on bioinspiration and biomimetics, scaled-down versions of conventional aircraft, such as fixed-wing micro air vehicles and micro-helicopters, are not addressed. Modeling of the aeromechanics of flapping wing microflyers is described with an illustrative example. Finally, some of the sensing mechanisms used by natural flyers are discussed.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Blayne M. Phillips
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Blayne M. Phillips and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compound eyes of moths are composed by hexagonal arrays of non-close-packed nipples that exhibit low reflectance. The outer surface of the cornea of a moth consists of periodic arrays of conical protuberances, termed corneal nipples, typically of sub-250nm height and spacing. These arrays of subwavelength nipples generate a graded transition of refractive index, leading to minimized reflection over a broad range of wavelengths and angles of incidence. In this chapter, the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of moth-eye antireflection coatings on both transparent substrates (e.g., glass) and semiconductor wafers (such as crystalline silicon and GaAs) are discussed.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Torben Lenau
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Torben Lenau and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-organization and self-healing appeal to humans because difficult and repeated actions can be avoided through automation via bottom-up nonhierarchical processes. This is in contrast to the top-level controlled manner we normally apply as an action strategy in manufacturing and maintenance work. This chapter presents eight different self-organizing and self-healing approaches in nature and takes a look at realized and potential applications. Furthermore, the core principles for each approach are described using simplified drawings in order to make the ideas behind the self-organizing and self-healing principles more accessible to design practitioners.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Aditi S. Risbud
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Aditi S. Risbud and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature generates structurally complex architectures with feature sizes covering several length scales under rather simple environmental conditions and with limited resources. Today, researchers understand how many of these structures look and behave, but, in many instances, we still lack nature’s ability to marry elegant structures with complex functionality. By unraveling the wonders of nature’s design, scientists have developed biomimetic and biotemplated materials with entirely new functions and behaviors. In particular, solution-based methods provide simple, inexpensive routes to generating bioreplicated structures. In this chapter, we survey solution-based bioreplication methods and provide an example for generating three-dimensional photonic crystal structures based on colored weevil scales. This example illustrates how structural engineering in biology can be replicated using sol–gel chemistry and results in an entirely new optical material with fascinating properties.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Javaan Chahl
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Javaan Chahl and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects are dependent on the spatial, spectral, and temporal distributions of light in the environment for flight control and navigation. This chapter reports on flight trials of implementations of insect-inspired behaviors on unmanned aerial vehicles. Optical-flow methods for maintaining a constant height above ground and a constant course have been demonstrated to provide navigational capabilities that are impossible using conventional avionics sensors. Precision control of height above ground and ground course were achieved over long distances. Other demonstrated vision-based techniques include a biomimetic stabilization sensor that uses the ultraviolet and green bands of the spectrum and a sky polarization compass. Both of these sensors were tested over long trajectories in different directions, in each case showing performance similar to low-cost inertial heading and attitude systems.
Book Synopsis Engineered Biomimicry by : Mohsen Shahinpoor
Download or read book Engineered Biomimicry written by Mohsen Shahinpoor and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter discusses properties and characteristics of ionic biopolymer-metal nanocomposites (IBMCs) as biomimetic multifunctional distributed nanoactuators, nanosensors, nanotransducers, and artificial muscles. After presenting some fundamental properties of biomimetic distributed nanosensing and nanoactuation of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) and IBMCs, the discussion extends to some recent advances in the manufacturing techniques and 3-D fabrication of IBMCs and some recent modeling and simulations, sensing and transduction, and product development. This chapter also presents procedures on how biopolymers such as chitosan and perfluorinated ionic polymers can be combined to make new nanocomposites with actuation, energy harvesting, and sensing capabilities. Chitin-based chitosan and ionic polymeric networks containing conjugated ions that can be redistributed by an imposed electric field and consequently act as distributed nanosensors, nanoactuators, and artificial muscles are also discussed. The manufacturing methodologies are briefly discussed, and the fundamental properties and characteristics of biopolymeric muscles as artificial muscles are presented. Two ionic models based on linear irreversible thermodynamics as well as charge dynamics of the underlying sensing and actuation mechanisms are also presented. Intercalation of biopolymers and ionic polymers and subsequent chemical plating of them with a noble metal by a reduction-oxidation (redox) operation is also reported and the properties of the new product are briefly discussed.
Book Synopsis Bioinspiration and Biomimicry in Chemistry by : Gerhard Swiegers
Download or read book Bioinspiration and Biomimicry in Chemistry written by Gerhard Swiegers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we emulate nature's technology in chemistry? Through billions of years of evolution, Nature has generated some remarkable systems and substances that have made life on earth what it is today. Increasingly, scientists are seeking to mimic Nature's systems and processes in the lab in order to harness the power of Nature for the benefit of society. Bioinspiration and Biomimicry in Chemistry explores the chemistry of Nature and how we can replicate what Nature does in abiological settings. Specifically, the book focuses on wholly artificial, man-made systems that employ or are inspired by principles of Nature, but which do not use materials of biological origin. Beginning with a general overview of the concept of bioinspiration and biomimicry in chemistry, the book tackles such topics as: Bioinspired molecular machines Bioinspired catalysis Biomimetic amphiphiles and vesicles Biomimetic principles in macromolecular science Biomimetic cavities and bioinspired receptors Biomimicry in organic synthesis Written by a team of leading international experts, the contributed chapters collectively lay the groundwork for a new generation of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials, pharmaceuticals, and technologies. Readers will discover the latest advances in our ability to replicate natural systems and materials as well as the many impediments that remain, proving how much we still need to learn about how Nature works. Bioinspiration and Biomimicry in Chemistry is recommended for students and researchers in all realms of chemistry. Addressing how scientists are working to reverse engineer Nature in all areas of chemical research, the book is designed to stimulate new discussion and research in this exciting and promising field.
