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Energy Policies Of Iea Countries Austria
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Book Synopsis Energy Policies of Iea Countries Austria by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of Iea Countries Austria written by and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the last review in 2002, Austrian energy policy has seen many positive developments. Today, Austria counts among the IEA member countries with the highest share of renewable energy supply, thus increasing energy security and reducing CO2 emissions. Great progress has also been made in the utilisation of biomass for heat and electricity production. Nevertheless, many challenges remain. The climate strategy revision in 2007 is commendably realistic, but uncertainty remains whether it will be sufficient, and whether renewables and energy efficiency are well-balanced within it. While Austria is strongly promoting an increase of renewables production by adopting challenging targets, it is less ambitious in the area of energy efficiency. To achieve the renewables target, their supply will have to double, leading to significant increases in costs. In energy efficiency, while Austria is leading in developing efficient building solutions, there are concerns about implementation, especially about the lack of ambition and divergence in building codes. Overall, energy intensity has increased in recent years, and the government will have to put a strong focus on reversing this development. Despite the early opening of the energy markets, effective competition has failed to emerge. This is partially due to systemic weaknesses such as dominant incumbents, lack of transparency in price formulation and a weak regulatory system with the potential for conflicts of interest. This review thoroughly analyses Austrian energy policy and identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed. With recommendations for improvements, it is an important guide for Austrian policy makers toward a safer and cleaner energy future.
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of Iea Countries Austria by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of Iea Countries Austria written by and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the last review in 2002, Austrian energy policy has seen many positive developments. Today, Austria counts among the IEA member countries with the highest share of renewable energy supply, thus increasing energy security and reducing CO2 emissions. Great progress has also been made in the utilisation of biomass for heat and electricity production. Nevertheless, many challenges remain. The climate strategy revision in 2007 is commendably realistic, but uncertainty remains whether it will be sufficient, and whether renewables and energy efficiency are well-balanced within it. While Austria is strongly promoting an increase of renewables production by adopting challenging targets, it is less ambitious in the area of energy efficiency. To achieve the renewables target, their supply will have to double, leading to significant increases in costs. In energy efficiency, while Austria is leading in developing efficient building solutions, there are concerns about implementation, especially about the lack of ambition and divergence in building codes. Overall, energy intensity has increased in recent years, and the government will have to put a strong focus on reversing this development. Despite the early opening of the energy markets, effective competition has failed to emerge. This is partially due to systemic weaknesses such as dominant incumbents, lack of transparency in price formulation and a weak regulatory system with the potential for conflicts of interest. This review thoroughly analyses Austrian energy policy and identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed. With recommendations for improvements, it is an important guide for Austrian policy makers toward a safer and cleaner energy future.
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by : International Energy Agency
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by International Energy Agency and published by OECD/IEA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the four years since the last in-depth Review, the two most important developments in the Austrian energy sector have been market reform in the electricity and natural gas sectors, and the efforts made toward meeting the country's emissions reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. Austria's security of supply is enhanced by extensive cross-border trading and recent efforts to diversify natural gas import supply sources. A regulatory framework now allows all customers to choose their natural gas and electricity suppliers. Austria has established an independent regulator and non-discriminatory third-party access rules. While reform of the gas sector is too recent to draw any meaningful conclusions, power sector reform has achieved mixed results. Industrial rates have fallen by up to 40% but residential rates have fallen little, if at all. Effective competition still faces obstacles including high system access charges and dominant incumbent suppliers who could wield market power and deter new entrants. Austria's commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 13% remains a major challenge. Total greenhouse gas emissions increased nearly 2.5% from 1990 to 2000 with CO2 emissions rising 9% over the same period. The finalisation of a comprehensive climate change strategy in 2002 is an important step forward. Austria's planned use of Kyoto flexible mechanisms could cut the costs of its climate change efforts, although the macroeconomic effect of all emission reduction measures requires constant monitoring. The support scheme for renewable energy and combined production of heat and power could be rendered more cost-effective, if a degression scheme were employed to lower support levels gradually.
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Austria 2002 by : IEA.
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Austria 2002 written by IEA. and published by . This book was released on with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the four years since the last in-depth Review, the two most important developments in the Austrian energy sector have been market reform in the electricity and natural gas sectors, and the efforts made toward meeting the country's emissions reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol.
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Executive summary and key recommendations 9 -Executive summary€9 -Key recommendations 12 PART I. POLICY ANALYSIS 15 2. General energy policy 17 -Country overview 17 -Supply and demand 18 -Institutions 21 -Key policies 21 -Assessment 23 -Recommendations 25 3. Energy efficiency 27 -Final energy use 27 -Institutions 30 -Targets 30 -Sectoral policies and measures 32 -Assessment 35 -Recommendations 37 4. Climate change 39 -Targets and objectives 39 -Institutions 40 -Energy-related CO2 emissions 40 -Assessment 43 -Recommendations 45 PART II. SECTOR ANALYSIS 47 5. Natural gas 49 -Overview 49 -Supply and demand 49 -Institutions 52 -Market reform 53 -Infrastructure 54 -Security of supply 57 -Supply and retail 57 -Prices and taxes 58 -Assessment 59 -Recommendations 61 6. Coal 63 -Overview 63 -Supply and demand 63 -Assessment 64 -Recommendation 65 7. Oil€ 67 -Supply and demand 67 -Infrastructure 70 -Market structure 74 -Emergency response policy and reserves 74 -Prices and taxes 76 -Assessment 78 -Recommendations 79 8. Electricity€81 -Supply and demand 81 -Institutions 84 -Industry structure 85 -Recent legislation 86 -Infrastructure 87 -Prices and tariffs 92 -Assessment 93 -Recommendations 95 9. Renewable energy 97 -Supply 97 -Institutions 99 -Policies and measures 99 -Assessment 103 -Recommendations 106 10. District heating and combined heat and power production 107 -Supply and demand 107 -Industry structure 110 -Assessment 113 -Recommendations 115 11. Energy technology research, development and demonstration 117 -Overview 117 -Institutional framework 117 -Policies and programmes 118 -Monitoring and evaluation 120 -Funding 121 -International collaboration 123 -Assessment 124 -Recommendations 125 PART III. ANNEXES 127 Annex A. Organisation of the Review 129 Annex B. Energy balances and key statistical data 133 Annex C. International Energy Agency "Shared Goals" 139 Annex D. Glossary and List of Abbreviations 141 by : IEA.
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Executive summary and key recommendations 9 -Executive summary€9 -Key recommendations 12 PART I. POLICY ANALYSIS 15 2. General energy policy 17 -Country overview 17 -Supply and demand 18 -Institutions 21 -Key policies 21 -Assessment 23 -Recommendations 25 3. Energy efficiency 27 -Final energy use 27 -Institutions 30 -Targets 30 -Sectoral policies and measures 32 -Assessment 35 -Recommendations 37 4. Climate change 39 -Targets and objectives 39 -Institutions 40 -Energy-related CO2 emissions 40 -Assessment 43 -Recommendations 45 PART II. SECTOR ANALYSIS 47 5. Natural gas 49 -Overview 49 -Supply and demand 49 -Institutions 52 -Market reform 53 -Infrastructure 54 -Security of supply 57 -Supply and retail 57 -Prices and taxes 58 -Assessment 59 -Recommendations 61 6. Coal 63 -Overview 63 -Supply and demand 63 -Assessment 64 -Recommendation 65 7. Oil€ 67 -Supply and demand 67 -Infrastructure 70 -Market structure 74 -Emergency response policy and reserves 74 -Prices and taxes 76 -Assessment 78 -Recommendations 79 8. Electricity€81 -Supply and demand 81 -Institutions 84 -Industry structure 85 -Recent legislation 86 -Infrastructure 87 -Prices and tariffs 92 -Assessment 93 -Recommendations 95 9. Renewable energy 97 -Supply 97 -Institutions 99 -Policies and measures 99 -Assessment 103 -Recommendations 106 10. District heating and combined heat and power production 107 -Supply and demand 107 -Industry structure 110 -Assessment 113 -Recommendations 115 11. Energy technology research, development and demonstration 117 -Overview 117 -Institutional framework 117 -Policies and programmes 118 -Monitoring and evaluation 120 -Funding 121 -International collaboration 123 -Assessment 124 -Recommendations 125 PART III. ANNEXES 127 Annex A. Organisation of the Review 129 Annex B. Energy balances and key statistical data 133 Annex C. International Energy Agency "Shared Goals" 139 Annex D. Glossary and List of Abbreviations 141 written by IEA. and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Energy Agency's 2014 review of Austria's energy policy analyses the energy policy challenges facing Austria and provides sectoral studies and recommendations for further policy improvements. It finds that Austria's energy policy rests on three pillars--security of supply, energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. The country's decarbonisation drive has strengthened as the economy and renewable energy use have continued to grow, while fossil fuel use has decreased. Notably, Austria has more than tripled the public funding for energy research, development and demonstration since 2007. Greenhouse gas emissions from energy use, which peaked in 2005, still need to be reduced further, and the transport sector offers prime opportunities for this. In the context of EU negotiations on an energy and climate policy framework to 2030, Austria should develop a strategy that also integrates security of supply and internal market dimensions. Closer cross-border integration of both electricity and natural gas markets and systems is required to build a single European market. This calls for increased co-ordination and co-operation with neighbouring countries. Austria should also encourage investment in networks, optimise demand response and integrate variable renewable energy supply in a cost-effective and market-based manner. A well-functioning internal market can help reduce the growing concerns over energy prices and costs, both for industry and for citizens. Austria could address these concerns also by implementing more energy efficiency measures and facilitating greater retail market competition.
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries. Turkey... Review by : International Energy Agency
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries. Turkey... Review written by International Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Publisher :Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Developme ISBN 13 :9789264171480 Total Pages :142 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (714 download)
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by : Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and published by Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Developme. This book was released on 2012-07-03 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2012 IEA review of Swiss energy policies finds that Switzerland has taken bold decisions to gradually phase out nuclear power and to reduce by a fifth its greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 with domestic measures only. These are challenging objectives, and the country now needs to identify the most viable ways to meet them at least cost and minimum risk to energy security. In the absence of nuclear power, maintaining sufficient electricity capacity will require strong policies to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy. Such measures have already been outlined, but they will likely not be enough. For baseload generation, gas-fired power plants would be the simplest option. Treating their CO2 emissions the same way as in the neighbouring countries would be a strong positive incentive for investors. Because Switzerland's energy-related CO2 emissions come mostly from oil use in transport and space heating, action is most needed in these areas. Commendably, the country is making polluters pay by using a CO2 tax for financing decarbonisation efforts in space heating. Stronger efforts will be needed to reduce emissions from private car use, however. Since the 2007 IEA energy policy review, Switzerland has made clear progress in electricity market reform. Moving to a fully open market by 2015 would be a further positive step. The system of regulated end-user prices, however, is subsidising electricity consumption at a time when low-carbon power supply is becoming more constrained and expensive. It should be reconsidered. Switzerland should also continue to take an increasingly European approach to developing its electricity infrastructure, to its own benefit and to that of its neighbours.
Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Policy in IEA Countries: Overview by :
Download or read book Renewable Energy Policy in IEA Countries: Overview written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Policy Review by : Great Britain. Department of Energy
Download or read book Energy Policy Review written by Great Britain. Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Policies of IEA Countries by :
Download or read book Energy Policies of IEA Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :International Energy Agency Publisher :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development : Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre ISBN 13 : Total Pages :268 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Energy Conservation in IEA Countries by : International Energy Agency
Download or read book Energy Conservation in IEA Countries written by International Energy Agency and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development : Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre. This book was released on 1987 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
