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Endothelium Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor
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Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Book Synopsis Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor by : Paul M. Vanhoutte
Download or read book Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor written by Paul M. Vanhoutte and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-12-13 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarizations by : Paul M. Vanhoutte
Download or read book Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarizations written by Paul M. Vanhoutte and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor was firmly established during 1995 at an international symposium held near Paris, France. This further volume reinforces the concept that EDHE, as opposed to nitric oxide (NO), is of particular importance in smaller blood vessels and, in addition, underlines the multiplicity of other factors involved. Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarizations will be of interest not only to physiologists and pharmacologists puzzling over the complexity of interactions between the endothelium and the underlying smooth muscle cells, but also clinical researchers and physicians treating patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Book Synopsis Endothelium-dependent Hyperpolarization and Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle by : Peter Zygmunt
Download or read book Endothelium-dependent Hyperpolarization and Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle written by Peter Zygmunt and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Endothelium, Part II by : Michel Félétou
Download or read book The Endothelium, Part II written by Michel Félétou and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium controls vascular tone by releasing various vasoactive substances. Additionally, another pathway associated with the hyperpolarization of both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells contributes also to endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDHF-mediated responses). These responses involve an increase in the intracellular Ca concentration of the endothelial cells followed by the opening of Ca-activated K channels of small and intermediate conductances (SKCa and IKCa). These channels show a distinct subcellular distribution, suggesting that their activation could be elicited by distinct stimuli. Following KCa activation, the endothelial hyperpolarization can be conducted to the underlying smooth muscle cells by electrical coupling through myo-endothelial gap junctions. In addition, the potassium efflux can lead to the accumulation of potassium ions in the intercellular space and the subsequent activation of smooth muscle Kir2.1 and/or Na/K-ATPase. The hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cells produces vascular relaxation, predominantly by closing voltage-gated calcium channels, and vasodilatation. EDHFmediated responses are altered in various pathologies or, conversely, act as a compensating mechanism when other endothelial pathways are impaired. A better characterization of EDHF-mediated responses should allow determining whether or not new drugable targets can be identified within this endothelial pathway for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Table of Contents: Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarizations: The Classical "EDHF" Pathway / Conclusion / References
Book Synopsis Biology of Vascular Smooth Muscle: Vasoconstriction and Dilatation by : Yuansheng Gao
Download or read book Biology of Vascular Smooth Muscle: Vasoconstriction and Dilatation written by Yuansheng Gao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise yet comprehensive review of the morphological, biochemical, electrical, mechanical, and metabolic properties of vascular smooth muscle, the regulation of vascular activities and the intracellular signaling involved. It particularly focuses on recently identified vasoactive agents, enzymes and transduction mechanisms. It also discusses the latest findings in the regulation of cerebral, coronary and pulmonary circulation as well as vascular activity under hypoxia and ageing. The contraction and dilatation activities of vasculature are of fundamental importance for maintaining circulation homeostasis and adapting physiological changes. Over the last four decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the biochemical, structural, genetic, physiological, and pharmacological aspects of vascular activity regulation, and these insights into the responsiveness of blood vessels under normal and pathophysiological conditions help to provide valuable weapons in the fight vascular diseases. The book is of interest to researchers and graduate students, both in basic research and in clinic settings, in the field of vascular biology.
Book Synopsis Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases by : Protasio L. Da Luz
Download or read book Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases written by Protasio L. Da Luz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-03 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases: Vascular Biology and Clinical Syndromes provides an in-depth examination of the role of endothelium and endothelial dysfunction in normal vascular function, and in a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes, from atherosclerosis, to cognitive disturbances and eclampsia. The endothelium is a major participant in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypertension, and these entities are responsible for the largest part of cardiovascular mortality and morbidly. Over the last decade major new discoveries and concepts involving the endothelium have come to light. This important reference collects this data in an easy to reference resource. Written by known experts, and covering all aspects of endothelial function in health and disease, this reference represents an assembly of recent knowledge that is essential to both basic investigators and clinicians. Provides a complete overview of endothelial function in health and diseases, along with an assessment of new information Includes coverage of groundbreaking areas, including the artificial LDL particle, the development of a new anti-erectile dysfunction agent, a vaccine for atherosclerosis, coronary calcification associated with red wine, and the interplay of endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress Explores the genetic features of endothelium and the interaction between basic knowledge and clinical syndromes
Book Synopsis The Endothelium, Part I by : Michel Félétou
Download or read book The Endothelium, Part I written by Michel Félétou and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Book Synopsis Endothelium-derived Hyperpolarizing Factor: K[+] Channel and Na[+] by : Colin Douglas Glen
Download or read book Endothelium-derived Hyperpolarizing Factor: K[+] Channel and Na[+] written by Colin Douglas Glen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Endothelium-derived Hyperpolarizing Factor (EDHF) is a Major Endothelium-dependent Factor Involved in Modulating Microvascular Tone in Striated Muscle by : Scott A. Merkley
Download or read book Endothelium-derived Hyperpolarizing Factor (EDHF) is a Major Endothelium-dependent Factor Involved in Modulating Microvascular Tone in Striated Muscle written by Scott A. Merkley and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Endothelium-derived Vasoactive Factors in Cerebral Arteries by : Jesper Petersson
Download or read book Endothelium-derived Vasoactive Factors in Cerebral Arteries written by Jesper Petersson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Endothelium, Part II by : Michel F. L. Tou
Download or read book The Endothelium, Part II written by Michel F. L. Tou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium controls vascular tone by releasing various vasoactive substances. Additionally, another pathway associated with the hyperpolarization of both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells contributes also to endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDHF-mediated responses). These responses involve an increase in the intracellular Ca concentration of the endothelial cells followed by the opening of Ca-activated K channels of small and intermediate conductances (SKCa and IKCa). These channels show a distinct subcellular distribution, suggesting that their activation could be elicited by distinct stimuli. Following KCa activation, the endothelial hyperpolarization can be conducted to the underlying smooth muscle cells by electrical coupling through myo-endothelial gap junctions. In addition, the potassium efflux can lead to the accumulation of potassium ions in the intercellular space and the subsequent activation of smooth muscle Kir2.1 and/or Na/K-ATPase. The hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cells produces vascular relaxation, predominantly by closing voltage-gated calcium channels, and vasodilatation. EDHFmediated responses are altered in various pathologies or, conversely, act as a compensating mechanism when other endothelial pathways are impaired. A better characterization of EDHF-mediated responses should allow determining whether or not new drugable targets can be identified within this endothelial pathway for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Table of Contents: Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarizations: The Classical "EDHF" Pathway / Conclusion / References
Download or read book Edhf 2000 written by Paul M. Vanhoutte and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the nature and role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor appears to be crucial in the quest for improved treatments for hypertension, diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion and other vascular disorders. EDHF 2000 comprises the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations. The first two meetings established a role for EDHF and other chemical factors involved in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations. These proceedings focus upon the role of gap junctions in cardiovascular responses and investigate the chemical identity of EDHF. Additional chapters on Physiology, Hormonal Modulation and Pathological Changes are also included. EDHF 2000 will be of interest not only to physiologists and pharmacologists puzzled by the complexity of the interactions between the endothelium and underlying vascular smooth muscle cells, but also clinical researchers and physicians treating patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Book Synopsis The Cerebral Circulation by : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Book Synopsis The Role of Endothelium-derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in Normal and Compromised Pregnancies by : Louise Clare Kenny
Download or read book The Role of Endothelium-derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in Normal and Compromised Pregnancies written by Louise Clare Kenny and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EDHF written by Michel Feletou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances made in vascular biology in the last 25 years have considerably changed the perception that one could have of the endothelial cells. Once considered as a diffusion barrier preventing the access of the blood cells to the vascular matrix, the endothelium is now recognized as playing a major role in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation, and vascular tone, but also in immunology, inflammation, angiogenesis, and for serving as a metabolizing and an endocrine organ. -- from the preface Cardiovascular diseases, so prevalent in the Western world during the twentieth century, could well become the scourge of the twenty-first century in emerging countries as well as the West. Endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or release of contracting and relaxing factors is often evoked to explain the initiation of the cardiovascular pathology or its development and perpetuation. Two decades ago, when nitric oxide was demonstrated to mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations, the vascular world seemed convinced that nitric oxide was the ultimate and sole explanation for such relaxations. However not everyone agreed. EDHF: The Complete Story is the work of two leading researchers who did not accept that simple conclusion, but instead continued to search, along with others, for a deeper understanding of the ways in which endothelial cells communicate with the underlying smooth muscle to signal it to hyperpolarize. Now with most, if not all, of those ways, uncovered, the authors offer this summary as way of bringing closure to the quest. This monograph reports on the work of many researchers. It summarizes the significant recent discoveries concerning endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, which are likely to play a much more important role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology than was originally foreseen Extensively illustrated with original diagrams and schematics that summarize the different steps of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization, the text is designed for vascular biologists, and cardiologists, as well as graduate students looking to gain an understanding of the intimate functioning of the blood vessel wall.
Book Synopsis Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Remodeling in Health and Disease: Target Tissues and Therapy by :
Download or read book Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Remodeling in Health and Disease: Target Tissues and Therapy written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Remodeling in Health and Disease: Target Tissues and Therapy, Volume, Volume 148, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series covers a variety of timely topics, with chapters focusing on The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Development, Repair, and Destruction of the Lungs, Matrix Metalloproteinases in Kidney Disease: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target, Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy, Matrix Metalloproteinases in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia, and Matrix Metalloproteinases, Neural Extracellular Matrix, and Central Nervous System Pathology. This volume is the second part of a thematic on matrix metalloproteinases and tissue remodeling in health and disease. It focuses on the role of MMPs in other systems, target tissues, and pathological disorders and the potential benefits of MMP inhibitors in various disorders.
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