Ending Terrorism In Italy

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Ending Terrorism in Italy

Author : Anna Cento Bull
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113504080X
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending Terrorism in Italy by : Anna Cento Bull

Download or read book Ending Terrorism in Italy written by Anna Cento Bull and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending Terrorism in Italy analyses processes of disengagement from terrorism, as well as the connected issues of reconciliation, truth and justice. It examines in a critical and original way how terrorism came to an end in Italy (Part I), and the legacy it has left behind (Part II). The book interrogates a wide array of published memoirs and a considerable number of new face-to-face interviews with both former terrorists and first and second generation victims In the last two decades, and especially in recent years, former extreme-right terrorists in Italy have started to talk about their past involvement in terrorist violence, including, for the first time, acts of violence which have for decades been considered taboo, that is to say, bomb attacks against innocent civilians. These narratives add to the perspectives offered by members of left-wing terrorist groups, such as the Red Brigades and Prima Linea. Surprisingly, these narratives have not been systematically examined, yet they form a unique and extremely rich source of first-hand testimony, providing invaluable insights into processes of youth radicalization and de-radicalization, the social re-integration of ex-terrorists, as well as personal and collective healing. Even less attention has been paid to the victims’ narratives or stories. Indeed, the views and activities of the victims and their associations have been seriously neglected in the scholarly literature on terrorism, not just in Italy, but elsewhere in Europe. The book therefore examines the perspectives of the victims and relatives of victims of terrorism, who over the years have formed dedicated associations and campaigned relentlessly to obtain justice through the courts, with little or no support from the state and, especially in the case of the bombing massacres, with increasing awareness that the state played a role in thwarting the course of justice. Ending Terrorism in Italy will be of interest to historians, social scientists and policy makers as well as students of political violence and post-conflict resolution. .

The Rise And Fall Of Italian Terrorism

Author : Leonard Weinberg
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100030521X
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise And Fall Of Italian Terrorism by : Leonard Weinberg

Download or read book The Rise And Fall Of Italian Terrorism written by Leonard Weinberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italian democracy may not be as fragile as many of its observers feared or imagined. It has lasted more than twice as long as the Fascist dictatorship that preceded it. Since the end of the Second World War, Italy's citizens and their political leaders have had to overcome massive problems of both state and society that their counterparts in more tranquil parts of Europe have not encountered. The particular problem to which this book is devoted is that of political terrorism. This book deals with a large-scale and protracted outbreak of domestic terrorism. It is concerned with terrorist violence in Italy committed by Italians against other Italians, the purpose of which was to influence the course of that country's political life.

Ending Terrorism in Italy

Author : Anna Cento Bull
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135040796
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending Terrorism in Italy by : Anna Cento Bull

Download or read book Ending Terrorism in Italy written by Anna Cento Bull and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-07 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending Terrorism in Italy analyses processes of disengagement from terrorism, as well as the connected issues of reconciliation, truth and justice. It examines in a critical and original way how terrorism came to an end in Italy (Part I), and the legacy it has left behind (Part II). The book interrogates a wide array of published memoirs and a considerable number of new face-to-face interviews with both former terrorists and first and second generation victims In the last two decades, and especially in recent years, former extreme-right terrorists in Italy have started to talk about their past involvement in terrorist violence, including, for the first time, acts of violence which have for decades been considered taboo, that is to say, bomb attacks against innocent civilians. These narratives add to the perspectives offered by members of left-wing terrorist groups, such as the Red Brigades and Prima Linea. Surprisingly, these narratives have not been systematically examined, yet they form a unique and extremely rich source of first-hand testimony, providing invaluable insights into processes of youth radicalization and de-radicalization, the social re-integration of ex-terrorists, as well as personal and collective healing. Even less attention has been paid to the victims’ narratives or stories. Indeed, the views and activities of the victims and their associations have been seriously neglected in the scholarly literature on terrorism, not just in Italy, but elsewhere in Europe. The book therefore examines the perspectives of the victims and relatives of victims of terrorism, who over the years have formed dedicated associations and campaigned relentlessly to obtain justice through the courts, with little or no support from the state and, especially in the case of the bombing massacres, with increasing awareness that the state played a role in thwarting the course of justice. Ending Terrorism in Italy will be of interest to historians, social scientists and policy makers as well as students of political violence and post-conflict resolution. .

Memoirs of an Italian Terrorist

Author : Giorgio
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 9780786711345
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Memoirs of an Italian Terrorist by : Giorgio

Download or read book Memoirs of an Italian Terrorist written by Giorgio and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2003-02-11 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When government consultant Professor Marco Biagi was assassinated in Italy by the New Red Brigades in the aftermath of September 11, the country was transported back 30 years to the violent "Years of Lead." In the 1970s Neo-Fascists planted bombs, Marxist-Leninists kneecapped and assassinated, and ordinary Italians were afraid to go to their offices in the morning. There were over 500 killed by terrorists in those years, thousands wounded, burned, scarred; there are hundreds in jail or who have done time, and thousands still out there, like "Giorgio," having lived decades as clandestine soldiers. The most shocking document of that unstable era and one of the primary source documents in the history of terrorism is this anonymous firsthand narrative of a life devoted to the bloody cause of The Red Brigades. In candid and grim detail, "Giorgio" tells of his "transition to living underground." He coldly narrates his mundane routine that prefigures the methods of al-Quaeda: the long patient shadowing of potential targets (never victim, always "target"), the clinical monitoring of the news for opportunities for destruction, and the relentless study of target companies to identify the strategic personnel to kneecap or assassinate. He describes the succession of events that took him from simple troublemaking to full-fledged terrorism, from a gleeful "proletarian expropriation" of Levis from a Milanese "jeanseria" to shooting at the police in a famous demonstration in which one policeman was killed, and on to outright political assassinations. Fascinating and horrifying to the end, Giorgio's story resonates with the current situation in the United States as much as it did with Italy's when it was first published. A best-seller in Europe and a classic in Italy, this is the first U.S. publication of these uncensored memoirs of an unrepentant terrorist.

Modern Italy

Author : Anna Cento Bull
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198726511
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Italy by : Anna Cento Bull

Download or read book Modern Italy written by Anna Cento Bull and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title considers the history of Italy from the Risorgimento (the movement leading to Italian Unification in 1861) to the present. It also discusses Italy's political system and style of government; economic modernisation; emigration, internal migration and immigration; and the modern Italian culture and lifestyle.

Comparative Counter-Terrorism Law

Author : Kent Roach
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316381099
Total Pages : 839 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Counter-Terrorism Law by : Kent Roach

Download or read book Comparative Counter-Terrorism Law written by Kent Roach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrorism law is as international as it is regionally distinct and as difficult to define as it is essential to address. Given recent pressures to harmonize terrorism laws from international organizations like the United Nations Security Council, the Financial Action Task Force, and the Council of Europe, this book presents readers with an up-to-date assessment of terrorism law across the globe. Covering twenty-two jurisdictions across six continents, the common framework used for each chapter facilitates national comparisons of a range of laws including relevant criminal, administrative, financial, secrecy, and military laws. Recognizing that similar laws may yield different outcomes when transplanted into new contexts, priority of place is given to examples of real-world application. Including a thematic introduction and conclusion, this book will help to establish comparative counter-terrorism law as an emerging discipline crossing the boundaries of domestic and international law.

Ordinary Violence in Mussolini's Italy

Author : Michael R. Ebner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521762138
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)

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Book Synopsis Ordinary Violence in Mussolini's Italy by : Michael R. Ebner

Download or read book Ordinary Violence in Mussolini's Italy written by Michael R. Ebner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ordinary Violence in Mussolini's Italy reveals the centrality of violence to Fascist rule, arguing that the Mussolini regime projected its coercive power deeply and diffusely into society through confinement, imprisonment, low-level physical assaults, economic deprivations, intimidation, discrimination, and other everyday forms of coercion. Fascist repression was thus more intense and ideological than previously thought and even shared some important similarities with Nazi and Soviet terror.

The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism

Author : Richard Bach Jensen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107656699
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism by : Richard Bach Jensen

Download or read book The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism written by Richard Bach Jensen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first global history of the secret diplomatic and police campaign that was waged against anarchist terrorism from 1878 to the 1920s. Anarchist terrorism was at that time the dominant form of terrorism and for many continued to be synonymous with terrorism as late as the 1930s. Ranging from Europe and the Americas to the Middle East and Asia, Richard Bach Jensen explores how anarchist terrorism emerged as a global phenomenon during the first great era of economic and social globalization at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries and reveals why some nations were so much more successful in combating this new threat than others. He shows how the challenge of dealing with this new form of terrorism led to the fundamental modernization of policing in many countries and also discusses its impact on criminology and international law.

Warlike and Peaceful Societies

Author : Agner Fog
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1783744065
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (837 download)

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Book Synopsis Warlike and Peaceful Societies by : Agner Fog

Download or read book Warlike and Peaceful Societies written by Agner Fog and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are humans violent or peaceful by nature? We are both. In this ambitious and wide-ranging book, Agner Fog presents a ground-breaking new argument that explains the existence of differently organised societies using evolutionary theory. It combines natural sciences and social sciences in a way that is rarely seen. According to a concept called regality theory, people show a preference for authoritarianism and strong leadership in times of war or collective danger, but desire egalitarian political systems in times of peace and safety. These individual impulses shape the way societies develop and organise themselves, and in this book Agner argues that there is an evolutionary mechanism behind this flexible psychology. Incorporating a wide range of ideas including evolutionary theory, game theory, and ecological theory, Agner analyses the conditions that make us either strident or docile. He tests this theory on data from contemporary and ancient societies, and provides a detailed explanation of the applications of regality theory to issues of war and peace, the rise and fall of empires, the mass media, economic instability, ecological crisis, and much more. Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture draws on many different fields of both the social sciences and the natural sciences. It will be of interest to academics and students in these fields, including anthropology, political science, history, conflict and peace research, social psychology, and more, as well as the natural sciences, including human biology, human evolution, and ecology.

De-Radicalization in the Mediterranean

Author : Lorenzo Vidino
Publisher : Ledizioni
ISBN 13 : 8867058193
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis De-Radicalization in the Mediterranean by : Lorenzo Vidino

Download or read book De-Radicalization in the Mediterranean written by Lorenzo Vidino and published by Ledizioni. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, the MENA region witnessed a rise in jihadist extremism and radicalization, as countries in the area were rocked by a series of deadly terrorist attacks. As authorities responded to the threat, it became clear that in order to effectively counter the phenomenon, traditional repressive measures had to now be accompanied by alternative methods of prevention, rehabilitation and dissuasion. How have different governments around the Mediterranean responded? What sort of alternative measures have been taken? How effective have these policies been? What further steps can be taken to strengthen the response of the authorities? These are just some of the key issues that this ISPI Report seeks to cover. The experts in this volume illustrate the policies of contrast, prevention and de-radicalization that have been adopted by countries in the MENA region, revealing emerging trends, lessons learned and overviews of this security status.

Italy’s Divided Memory

Author : J. Foot
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230101836
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Italy’s Divided Memory by : J. Foot

Download or read book Italy’s Divided Memory written by J. Foot and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-12-07 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that contemporary Italian history has been marked by a tendency towards divided memory. Events have been interpreted in contrasting ways, and the facts themselves often contested. Moreover, with so little agreement over what happened, and why it happened, it has been extremely difficult to create any consensus around memory. These divisions have been seen at all levels, but take on particular importance when linked to the great traumatic and life-changing events of the Twentieth century - war, terrorism, disaster - but can also be applied to more cultural fields such as sport and everyday life. Social change also has an impact on memory. This book will take the form of a voyage through Italy (and into Italy's past), looking at stories of divided memory over various periods in the twentieth century. These stories will be interwoven with analysis and discussion.

Brave New War

Author : John Robb
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470261951
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Brave New War by : John Robb

Download or read book Brave New War written by John Robb and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-28 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For my money, John Robb, a former Air Force officer and tech guru, is the futurists' futurist." —Slate The counterterrorism expert John Robb reveals how the same technology that has enabled globalization also allows terrorists and criminals to join forces against larger adversaries with relative ease and to carry out small, inexpensive actions—like sabotaging an oil pipeline—that generate a huge return. He shows how combating the shutdown of the world’s oil, high-tech, and financial markets could cost us the thing we’ve come to value the most—worldwide economic and cultural integration—and what we must do now to safeguard against this new method of warfare.

The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics

Author : Erik Jones
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191648515
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics by : Erik Jones

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics written by Erik Jones and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics provides a comprehensive look at the political life of one of Europe's most exciting and turbulent democracies. Under the hegemonic influence of Christian Democracy in the early post-World War II decades, Italy went through a period of rapid growth and political transformation. In part this resulted in tumult and a crisis of governability; however, it also gave rise to innovation in the form of Eurocommunism and new forms of political accommodation. The great strength of Italy lay in its constitution; its great weakness lay in certain legacies of the past. Organized crime—popularly but not exclusively associated with the mafia—is one example. A self-contained and well entrenched 'caste' of political and economic elites is another. These weaknesses became apparent in the breakdown of political order in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This ushered in a combination of populist political mobilization and experimentation with electoral systems design, and the result has been more evolutionary than transformative. Italian politics today is different from what it was during the immediate post-World War II period, but it still shows many of the influences of the past.

The Twenty Days of Turin: A Novel

Author : Giorgio De Maria
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1631492306
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis The Twenty Days of Turin: A Novel by : Giorgio De Maria

Download or read book The Twenty Days of Turin: A Novel written by Giorgio De Maria and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Named one of NPR's Best Books of 2017 Written during the height of the 1970s Italian domestic terror, a cult novel, with distinct echoes of Lovecraft and Borges, makes its English-language debut. In the spare wing of a church-run sanatorium, some zealous youths create "the Library," a space where lonely citizens can read one another’s personal diaries and connect with like-minded souls in "dialogues across the ether." But when their scribblings devolve into the ugliest confessions of the macabre, the Library’s users learn too late that a malicious force has consumed their privacy and their sanity. As the city of Turin suffers a twenty-day "phenomenon of collective psychosis" culminating in nightly massacres that hundreds of witnesses cannot explain, the Library is shut down and erased from history. That is, until a lonely salaryman decides to investigate these mysterious events, which the citizenry of Turin fear to mention. Inevitably drawn into the city’s occult netherworld, he unearths the stuff of modern nightmares: what’s shared can never be unshared. An allegory inspired by the grisly neo-fascist campaigns of its day, The Twenty Days of Turin has enjoyed a fervent cult following in Italy for forty years. Now, in a fretful new age of "lone-wolf" terrorism fueled by social media, we can find uncanny resonances in Giorgio De Maria’s vision of mass fear: a mute, palpitating dread that seeps into every moment of daily existence. With its stunning anticipation of the Internet—and the apocalyptic repercussions of oversharing—this bleak, prescient story is more disturbingly pertinent than ever. Brilliantly translated into English for the first time by Ramon Glazov, The Twenty Days of Turin establishes De Maria’s place among the literary ranks of Italo Calvino and beside classic horror masters such as Edgar Allan Poe and H. P. Lovecraft. Hauntingly imaginative, with visceral prose that chills to the marrow, the novel is an eerily clairvoyant magnum opus, long overdue but ever timely.

Anatomy of the Red Brigades

Author : Alessandro Orsini
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801461392
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy of the Red Brigades by : Alessandro Orsini

Download or read book Anatomy of the Red Brigades written by Alessandro Orsini and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Red Brigades were a far-left terrorist group in Italy formed in 1970 and active all through the 1980s. Infamous around the world for a campaign of assassinations, kidnappings, and bank robberies intended as a "concentrated strike against the heart of the State," the Red Brigades’ most notorious crime was the kidnapping and murder of Italy’s former prime minister Aldo Moro in 1978. In the late 1990s, a new group of violent anticapitalist terrorists revived the name Red Brigades and killed a number of professors and government officials. Like their German counterparts in the Baader-Meinhof Group and today’s violent political and religious extremists, the Red Brigades and their actions raise a host of questions about the motivations, ideologies, and mind-sets of people who commit horrific acts of violence in the name of a utopia. In the first English edition of a book that has won critical acclaim and major prizes in Italy, Alessandro Orsini contends that the dominant logic of the Red Brigades was essentially eschatological, focused on purifying a corrupt world through violence. Only through revolutionary terror, Brigadists believed, could humanity be saved from the putrefying effects of capitalism and imperialism. Through a careful study of all existing documentation produced by the Red Brigades and of all existing scholarship on the Red Brigades, Orsini reconstructs a worldview that can be as seductive as it is horrifying. Orsini has devised a micro-sociological theory that allows him to reconstruct the group dynamics leading to political homicide in extreme-left and neonazi terrorist groups. This "subversive-revolutionary feedback theory" states that the willingness to mete out and suffer death depends, in the last analysis, on how far the terrorist has been incorporated into the revolutionary sect. Orsini makes clear that this political-religious concept of historical development is central to understanding all such self-styled "purifiers of the world." From Thomas Müntzer’s theocratic dream to Pol Pot’s Cambodian revolution, all the violent "purifiers" of the world have a clear goal: to build a perfect society in which there will no longer be any sin and unhappiness and in which no opposition can be allowed to upset the universal harmony. Orsini’s book reconstructs the origins and evolution of a revolutionary tradition brought into our own times by the Red Brigades.

NATO's Secret Armies

Author : Daniele Ganser
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135767858
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis NATO's Secret Armies by : Daniele Ganser

Download or read book NATO's Secret Armies written by Daniele Ganser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating new study shows how the CIA and the British secret service, in collaboration with the military alliance NATO and European military secret services, set up a network of clandestine anti-communist armies in Western Europe after World War II. These secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centres in England and in the United States by the Green Berets and SAS Special Forces. The network was armed with explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication equipment hidden in underground bunkers and secret arms caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some countries the secret army linked up with right-wing terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties, massacres, coup d'états and torture. Codenamed 'Gladio' ('the sword'), the Italian secret army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the press spoke of "The best kept, and most damaging, political-military secret since World War II" (Observer, 18. November 1990) and observed that "The story seems straight from the pages of a political thriller." (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since, so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) in Brussels in October 1990.

The End of Terrorism?

Author : Leonard Weinberg
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113665190X
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis The End of Terrorism? by : Leonard Weinberg

Download or read book The End of Terrorism? written by Leonard Weinberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers not the beginning or origins of terrorism but how groups that use terrorism end. Terrorism as a tactic is unlikely to disappear, however virtually all the groups that employed terrorist violence during the 1960s and 1970s have passed from the scene in one way or another. Likewise most of the individuals who embarked on ‘careers’ in terrorism over these same years now engage in other pursuits. The author argues that al-Qaeda and the various violent Islamist groups it has inspired are, like their predecessors, bound to bring their operations to an end. Rather than discussing the defection or de-radicalization of individuals the book aims to analyze how terrorist groups are defeated, or defeat themselves. It examines the historical record, drawing on a large collection of empirical data to analyze in detail the various ends of these violent organizations. This book provides a unique empirically informed perspective on the end of terrorism that is a valuable addition to the currently available literature and will be of interest to scholars of terrorism, security studies and international politics.