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Author : Robert L. Rod
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Sol Cell Applications--electrodeposited CdTe written by Robert L. Rod and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert L. Rod
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Sol Cell Applications--electrodeposited CdTe written by Robert L. Rod and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert L. Rod
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Sol Cell Applications--electrodeposited CdTe written by Robert L. Rod and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert L. Rod
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Sol Cell Applications--electrodeposited CdTe written by Robert L. Rod and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Solar Cell Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film gold/polycrystalline cadmium telluride Schottky solar cells made by electrodepositing the semiconductor on an ITO-coated glass substrate serving also as an ohmic contact demonstrated an internal efficiency of 4% over 2 mm2 areas. During the year being reported upon, Monosolar devoted mator attention to refining the electroplating process and determining the parameters governing CdTe film stoichiometry, grain size, substrate adhesion, and quality. UCLA acting as a Monosolar sub-contractor characterized both the CdTe films themselves and solar cells made from them. Techniques were developed for making measurements on films often less than 1 micron in thickness. The highest values achieved for efficiency parameters, not necessarily all in the same cell, were V/sub oc/ = 0.5 V, J/sub sc/ = 11 mA/cm2, and fill factor = 0.55 before corrections in the absence of anti-reflection coatings. Typical resistivities for n-CdTe films were 105 .cap omega.-cm. Lifetimes of about 10−1° sec were measured. Absorption coefficient of these films is in the order of 104 for lambda
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Solar Cell Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present program is a continuation of earlier efforts to develop electrochemically deposited films of compound semiconductors and solar cells made from them. Primary objectives include the development and characterization of controllably doped n and p type CdTe films with densities of 5.8 gm/cm3, appropriate grain sizes, good film morphology and freedom from pinholes, and carrier concentrations from 1016 to 1018/cm3. The end result of the effort is to demonstrate by the seventh month, or September 15, 1980, solar cells over 1 cm2 in area showing total area conversion efficiencies exceeding 4%. By the end of the first quarter, milestones were met calling for us to supply characterized n type CdTe films that were reproducible and free from pinholes. Also, prototype electrodeposited CdTe solar cells were fabricated and evaluated. Characterizations of p-type CdTe and ZnTe films were complicated by interferences existing between them and adjacent substrates. A number of devices, including the glass/ITO/n-CdTe:In/Au Schottky structure and an ITO/n-CdTe:In/p-Cu/sub 2-x/Te heterojunction, have been fabricated. The highest internal efficiency of the Schottky devices, which have yet to have fingered grids and anti-reflection coatings applied, is 4%. The heterojunction is a larger area device 2 cm2 in area. It shows promise of meeting the 4% total area efficiency as does the Schottky when grids and A/R coatings are applied.
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Solar Cell Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major emphasis during the period was centered on improving the material properties of electrodeposited CdTe. Using newly devised means for peeling thin CdTe films off the ITO-coated glass substrates, it was possible to accurately measure material density and electrical resistivity. Density proved to be 40% below the bulk CdTe figure of about 6 gm/cm3, while resistivity of supposedly doped CdTe films exceeded 105.cap omega. - cm. These findings prompted initiation of a beneficial change in plating procedures which increased the thin film polycrystalline CdTe density to the bulk value while, at the same time, good columnar growth was obtained. Films made under the old plating process were made into Schottky diodes showing good uniformity and V/sub oc/ values generally exceeding 0.5V. Short circuit current of the best of these was 9.5mA/cm2 despite the fact that light entered through a thick gold film and was strongly attenuated.
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Solar Cell Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work was centered about improving electroplating processes and cell fabrication techniques, with emphasis being given to three differing n-CdTe/Au Schottky configurations. The highest values of efficiency-related parmeters achieved with a simulated solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 were 0.57V for open circuit voltage, 0.6 for fill factor, and 6 mA/cm2 for short circuit current. Four important parameters are known to control the quality of the Monosolar electrodeposition process and resultant solar cells. They are electrolyte temperature, Te concentration in the solution at a specific pH, deposition or quasi-rest potential, and flow pattern of the electrolyte (stirring). The first three considerations are believed to be fully understood and optimized. Work is underway to further understand the effects of stirring on the diffusion of ionic components and the effects on CdTe film performance. Work was accelerated during the quarter to increase the short circuit current. Parallel programs using laser irradiation of finished CdTe films, heat treatment, and changes in the electrodeposition process itself to recrystallize films were started. The surface etching technique has been highly refined, while the entire cell manufacturing process is now reproducible when defect-free substrates are used.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981-04 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. A. Ojo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319966677
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Next Generation Multilayer Graded Bandgap Solar Cells written by A. A. Ojo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will guide Photovoltaics researchers in a new way of thinking about harvesting light energy from all wavelengths of the solar spectrum. It closes the gap between general solar cells books and photovoltaics journal articles, by focusing on the latest developments in our understanding of solid-state device physics. The material presented is experimental and based on II-VI thin-film materials, mainly CdTe-based solar cells. The authors describe the use of new device design, based on multilayer graded bandgap configuration, using CdTe-based solar cells. The authors also explain how the photo-generated currents can be enhanced using multi-step charge carrier production. The possibility of fabricating these devices using low-cost and scalable electroplating is demonstrated. The value of electroplating for large area electronic devices such as PV solar panels, display devices and nano-technology devices are also demonstrated. By enabling new understanding of the engineering of electroplated semiconductor materials and providing an overview of the semiconductor physics and technology, this practical book is ideal to guide researchers, engineers, and manufacturers on future solar cell device designs and fabrications. Discusses in detail the processes of growths, treatments, solar cell device fabrication and solid state physics, improving readers’ understanding of fundamental solid state physics; Enables future improvements in CdTe-based device efficiency; Explains the significance of defects in deposited semiconductor materials and interfaces that affect the material properties and resulting device performance.
Author : Arvind Shah
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030464873
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard John VanderVeen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (374 download)
Download or read book Electrodeposited CdS, CdxZn1-xS and CdTe Thin Films for Solar Cell Application written by Richard John VanderVeen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Upendra Kumar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1394185812
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (941 download)
Download or read book Smart Materials for Science and Engineering written by Upendra Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SMART MATERIALS FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Smart materials, also known as advanced or creative materials, are described as advanced materials that react intuitively to environmental changes or as materials that can return to their original shape in response to certain stimuli. Smart materials are classified as either active or passive based on their characteristics. There are two types of active materials. The first kind cannot change its characteristics when subjected to outside stimuli, for example photochromatic spectacles that only alter their color when exposed to sunlight. The other, which includes piezoelectric materials, can change one sort of energy (thermal, electrical, chemical, mechanical, or optical) into another. When subjected to external pressure, it can generate an electric charge. As an example, optical fibers can transmit electromagnetic waves. In contrast, passive smart materials can transmit a specific sort of energy. They have some amazing qualities that set them apart from other materials, such as transiency, meaning they can react to different kinds of external stimuli immediately, self-actuation or the capacity to change their appearance and shape, selectivity where the response is divided and expected, directness when the response is limited to the activating event, shape-changing where the material can change its shape to external stimuli, their ability to determine their own health, also known as self-diagnosis, and their ability to self-heal. The ability to synthesize novel materials has substantially progressed thanks to science and technology over the past 20 years. They fall mostly into the following four categories: polymers, ceramics, metals, and smart materials. Among these, smart materials are gaining popularity since they have more uses than conventional materials. Smart materials are unusual substances that have the ability to alter their properties, such as those that can immediately change their phase when placed near a magnet or their shape simply by applying heat. Humanity will be significantly impacted by this new era of smart materials. For instance, some of them can adapt their properties to the environment, some have sensory capabilities, some can repair themselves automatically, and some can degrade themselves. These extraordinary properties of smart materials will have an effect on all facets of civilization. There are many different types of intelligent materials, including magnetorheological materials, electro-rheostat materials, shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, and more. This book describes many forms of smart materials and their possible uses in various fields. A literature survey discusses the different types of smart materials, such as based ceramics, polymers, and organic compounds and their needs, advantages, disadvantages, and applications will be comprehensively discussed. A discussion of well-established smart materials including piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, shape memory alloy, electro-rheological fluid, and magnetorheological fluid materials will be discussed with their present prospects.
Author : N. Thejo Kalyani
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0323852793
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Quantum Dots written by N. Thejo Kalyani and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum dots: Emerging materials for versatile applications is an introduction to the fundamentals and important advances of research of this important category of semiconductor nanostructured materials. After a brief review of relevant nanotechnology concepts and the unique properties of nanomaterials, the book describes the fundamentals of quantum dots with definitions of the primary classifications of quantum dots. There is an emphasis on practical considerations of the commercial translation of quantum dots such as their toxicity, stability, and disposal. Moreover, the book focuses on a review of the advances in research in emerging quantum dot materials along with the latest innovations in materials design and fabrication methods. Quantum Dots is suitable for materials scientists and engineers in academia or industry R&D who are looking for an introduction to this research topic or a key reference on the latest advances and applications. - Introduces the primary classifications, properties, synthesis, characterization and fabrication strategies of quantum dots - Reviews the latest applications of quantum dots for LEDs, displays, energy storage devices, photovoltaic cells, medicine, and more - Discusses the practical barriers to commercial translation of quantum dots, including toxicity, stability, and their safe disposal
Download or read book Emerging Materials for Solar Cell Application written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hussein Ismail Salim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Multilayer Solar Cells Based on CdTe Grown from Nitrate Precursor written by Hussein Ismail Salim and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
