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Author : James Francis Malika
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)
Download or read book Electroless Deposition of CdTe on Stainless Steel 304 Substrates written by James Francis Malika and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Patrick Rutto
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Electrodeposition of CdTe on Stainless Steel 304 Substrates written by Patrick Rutto and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy we get from the sun is a key factor in electric power production on earth and in space applications. The development of photovoltaic cells has enabled a new direct method for solar electricity. However, the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic cells must be lowered to have widespread implementation. Among the leading candidates CdTe, is used for photovoltaic applications, since it has optimum band gap energy for the efficient conversion of solar energy into electricity. It is produced by a series of vacuum procedures, which is a significant part of its fabrication cost. In this work, cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films were electrodeposited on stainless steel 304 substrates using a three-electrode system at a negative potential. Cadmium sulfate and tellurium dioxide in pH 1.8 H2SO4 were used as the cadmium and tellurium sources, respectively. Deposition conditions were adjusted to codeposit Cd and Te at the same rate. Films were deposited on stainless steel 304 as a relatively inexpensive substrate. However, to obtain a proper ohmic contact between CdTe and the steel, it was necessary to electrodeposit a thin interlayer of pure Te to achieve an ohmic contact. Electrodeposition of a thin Pt layer on top of the CdTe served to greatly increase the rate of H2 evolution. The structural and morphological properties of the resulting films were characterized using light/dark voltammetric methods, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Profilometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS).
Author : Deidra Ranel Hodges
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)
Download or read book Development of CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells on Flexible Foil Substrates written by Deidra Ranel Hodges and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a leading thin film photovoltaic (PV) material due to its near ideal band gap of 1.45 eV, its high optical absorption coefficient and availability of various device fabrication methods. Superstrate CdTe solar cells fabricated on glass have to-date exhibited efficiencies of 16.5%. Work on substrate devices has been limited due to difficulties associated with the formation of an ohmic back contact with CdTe. The most promising approach used to-date is based on the use of an interlayer between the CdTe and a metal electrode, an approach that is believed to yield a pseudo-ohmic contact. This research investigates the use of ZnTe and Sb2Te3 as the interlayer, in the development of efficient back contacts. Excellent adhesion and minimum stress are also required of a CdTe thin film solar cell device on a flexible stainless steel (SS) foil substrate. Foil substrate curvature, flaking, delamination and adhesion as a result of compressive strain due to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the flexible SS foil substrate and the solar cell films have been studied. A potential problem with the use of a SS foil as the substrate is the diffusion of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr) and other elemental impurities into the layers of the solar cell device structure during high temperature processing. A diffusion barrier limiting the out diffusion of these substrate elements is being investigated in this study. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) films deposited on SS foils are being investigated as the barrier layer, to reduce or inhibit the diffusion of substrate impurities into the solar cell. Thin film CdTe solar cells have been fabricated and characterized by AFM, XRD, SEM, ASTM D3359-08 tape test, current-voltage (I-V) and spectral measurements. My individual contributions to this work include the Molybdenum (Mo) development, the adhesion studies, the silicon nitride (Si3N4) barrier studies, and EDS and SEM lines measurements and analysis of substrate out-diffused impurities. The rest of my colleagues focused on the development of CdTe, CdS, ZnTe, the CdCl2 heat treatment, and other back contact interlayer materials.
Author : Sheng Shen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Formation of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films on Different Substrates Using Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (E-ALD) written by Sheng Shen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation discussed the layer-by-layer growth of CdS thin film using electrochemical atomic layer deposition (E-ALD) as well as the investigations into the possible fabrication of both substrate and superstrate configurations of CdTe/CdS solar cells. E-ALD is the electrochemical equivalence of gas phase atomic layer deposition (ALD). Similar to ALD, E-ALD allows for the layer-by-layer deposition of materials using surface-limited reaction. Underpotential deposition (UPD) is usually used in E-ALD, allowing for atomically thick layers of materials to be deposited on a second material at a potential before the potential needed for the element to deposit on itself. In this report, CdS thin films with different thicknesses were grown using E-ALD. Results indicated that the E-ALD grown CdS on Au was stoichiometric, crystalline, uniform, and is N-type. Formation of CdS on Ag substrates and on ITO was also studied. Preliminary studies on the fabrication of CdS/CdTe photovoltaic device with both superstrate and substrate configuration were also performed. In the substrate configuration, CdTe was first deposited onto Au substrates using 15 minutes of codeposition at -700 mV, followed by electrochemical atomic layer deposition (E-ALD) of CdS on CdTe/Au. In the superstrate configuration, the ITO substrate was first patterned with 1x1 mm2 squares using photolithography, and then treated with electrochemical methods to form Cu nucleation sites on the ITO surface. CdS E-ALD was performed on the treated ITO substrate. CdTe thin films were deposited onto CdS/ITO using pulse plating atomic layer deposition (PP-ALD). A layer of Au was deposited electrochemically on CdTe/CdS/ITO as the back contact. Photoelectrochemical measurements on the substrate configuration showed good P-type response and clean dark current. XRD showed CdTe zinc blend 111 and CdS zinc blend 111 structure. SEM images of the CdTe/CdS/ITO showed compact deposits covering the whole surface. Work on collecting more information on cell performance is on the way.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2566 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W. Gissler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940170631X
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Advanced Techniques for Surface Engineering written by W. Gissler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's shortages of resources make the search for wear and corrosion resistant materials one of the most important tasks of the next century. Since the surface of a material is the location where any interaction occurs, it is that there the hardest requirements on the material are imposed: to be wear resistant for tools and bearings; to be corrosion resistant for turbine blades and tubes in the petrochemical industry; to be antireflecting for solar cells; to be decorative for architectural panels and to combine several of these properties in other applications. Surface engineering is the general term that incorporates all the techniques by which a surface modification can be accomplished. These techniques include both coating and modification of the surface by ion implantation and laser beam melting. In recent years a continuously growing number of these techniques were developed to the extent that it became more and more difficult to maintain an overlook and to understand which of these highly differentiated techniques might be applied to resolve a given surface engineering problem. A similar development is also occuring for surface characterization techniques. This volume contains contributions from renowned scientists and engineers to the Eurocourse the aim of which was to inform about the various techniques and to give a comprehensive survey of the latest development on this subject.
Author : N.F. de Rooij
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444596305
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Small Scale Structures written by N.F. de Rooij and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of 3 symposia dealing with various aspects of small scale structures. Symposium A deals with the development of new materials, including ceramics, polymers, metals, etc., their microstructuring as well as their potential for application in microsystems. All kinds of microsystems are considered, e.g. mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, biochemical and issues related to assembly and packaging were also covered.Symposium B deals with four topics: synthesis and preparation of nanostructured ceramics and composites with well-controlled geometric order and chemical composition; coupling of these structures to transducers for current and future chemical and biochemical devices based upon microoptics, microelectronics, microionics, microelectrodes or molecular cages; planar thin film structures and the control of covalent thin film/transducer couplings, the control of selective, stable and sensitive recognition centers at the surface, at grain boundaries or in the bulk of selected nanostructured materials with extremely narrow particle size distributions; analysis of these structures and sensor functions by means of techniques utilizing photons, electrons, ions, or atomic particle beam probes.Symposium E examines the structure-property relationships in thin films and multilayers, from the point of view of both fundamental studies and practical applications.
Author : Perrin Walker
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781439822531
Total Pages : 1434 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (225 download)
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1164 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984-07 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 830 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)
Download or read book Coastlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-03 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 914 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. W. Dini
Publisher : William Andrew Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780815513209
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (132 download)
Download or read book Electrodeposition written by J. W. Dini and published by William Andrew Publishing. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrodeposition allows the "tailoring" of surface properties of a bulk material or, in the case of electroforming, the entire part. Deposits can be produced to meet a variety of designer demands. For this reason and for the possibilities that exist in terms of "new materials" for a variety of applications, a thorough understanding of the materials science of electrodeposition is of utmost importance. This book provides that understanding.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author : J Arbiol
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1782422633
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (824 download)
Download or read book Semiconductor Nanowires written by J Arbiol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor nanowires promise to provide the building blocks for a new generation of nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor Nanowires: Materials, Synthesis, Characterization and Applications covers advanced materials for nanowires, the growth and synthesis of semiconductor nanowires—including methods such as solution growth, MOVPE, MBE, and self-organization. Characterizing the properties of semiconductor nanowires is covered in chapters describing studies using TEM, SPM, and Raman scattering. Applications of semiconductor nanowires are discussed in chapters focusing on solar cells, battery electrodes, sensors, optoelectronics and biology. - Explores a selection of advanced materials for semiconductor nanowires - Outlines key techniques for the property assessment and characterization of semiconductor nanowires - Covers a broad range of applications across a number of fields
Author : Antonio Luque
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470721693
Total Pages : 1172 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering written by Antonio Luque and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-31 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive, authoritative and widely cited reference on photovoltaic solar energy Fully revised and updated, the Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Second Edition incorporates the substantial technological advances and research developments in photovoltaics since its previous release. All topics relating to the photovoltaic (PV) industry are discussed with contributions by distinguished international experts in the field. Significant new coverage includes: three completely new chapters and six chapters with new authors device structures, processing, and manufacturing options for the three major thin film PV technologies high performance approaches for multijunction, concentrator, and space applications new types of organic polymer and dye-sensitized solar cells economic analysis of various policy options to stimulate PV growth including effect of public and private investment Detailed treatment covers: scientific basis of the photovoltaic effect and solar cell operation the production of solar silicon and of silicon-based solar cells and modules how choice of semiconductor materials and their production influence costs and performance making measurements on solar cells and modules and how to relate results under standardised test conditions to real outdoor performance photovoltaic system installation and operation of components such as inverters and batteries. architectural applications of building-integrated PV Each chapter is structured to be partially accessible to beginners while providing detailed information of the physics and technology for experts. Encompassing a review of past work and the fundamentals in solar electric science, this is a leading reference and invaluable resource for all practitioners, consultants, researchers and students in the PV industry.
Author : Michel Andre Aegerter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387889531
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)
Download or read book Sol-Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users written by Michel Andre Aegerter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol-Gel Techniques for Glass Producers and Users provides technological information, descriptions and characterizations of prototypes, or products already on the market, and illustrates advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel process in comparison to other methods. The first chapter entitled "Wet Chemical Technology" gives a summary of the basic principles of the sol-gel chemistry. The most promising applications are related to coatings. Chapter 2 describes the various "Wet Chemical Coating Technologies" from glass cleaning to many deposition and post-coating treatment techniques. These include patterning of coatings through direct or indirect techniques which have became very important and for which the sol-gel processing is particularly well adapted. Chapter 3 entitled "Bulk Glass Technologies" reports on the preparation of special glasses for different applications. Chapter 4 entitled "Coatings and Materials Properties" describes the properties of the different coatings and the sol-gel materials, fibers and powders. The chapter also includes a section dedicated to the characterization techniques especially applied to sol-gel coatings and products.
Author : Reza Ghodssi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387473181
Total Pages : 1211 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (874 download)
Download or read book MEMS Materials and Processes Handbook written by Reza Ghodssi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 1211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MEMs Materials and Processes Handbook" is a comprehensive reference for researchers searching for new materials, properties of known materials, or specific processes available for MEMS fabrication. The content is separated into distinct sections on "Materials" and "Processes". The extensive Material Selection Guide" and a "Material Database" guides the reader through the selection of appropriate materials for the required task at hand. The "Processes" section of the book is organized as a catalog of various microfabrication processes, each with a brief introduction to the technology, as well as examples of common uses in MEMs.
