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Electrochemical Characterization Of Iridium Oxide Films On Liquid Crystal Polymer For Electrical Stimulation Of Neural Tissue
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Book Synopsis Electrochemical Characterization of Iridium Oxide Films on Liquid Crystal Polymer for Electrical Stimulation of Neural Tissue by : Kevin Wang
Download or read book Electrochemical Characterization of Iridium Oxide Films on Liquid Crystal Polymer for Electrical Stimulation of Neural Tissue written by Kevin Wang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Properties of Iridium Oxide Stimulating Electrodes by : James David Weiland
Download or read book Electrochemical Properties of Iridium Oxide Stimulating Electrodes written by James David Weiland and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Iridium Oxide Thin Films and Their Electrochemical Evaluation (Size and Geometry Effects) by :
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Iridium Oxide Thin Films and Their Electrochemical Evaluation (Size and Geometry Effects) written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Symposium on Surface Oxide Films by : Jennifer A. Bardwell
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Surface Oxide Films written by Jennifer A. Bardwell and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1996 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Iridium Oxide-carbon Hybrid Materials as Electrodes for Neural Systems by : Nina Magali Carretero González
Download or read book Iridium Oxide-carbon Hybrid Materials as Electrodes for Neural Systems written by Nina Magali Carretero González and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El desarrollo de interfaces neuronales requiere el uso de nuevos materiales electroactivos y biocompatibles, que al aplicar campos eléctricos no causen efectos secundarios que pueden dañar los tejidos o degradar la funcionalidad del electrodo. A día de hoy, existen diferentes materiales electroactivos que se usan como electrodos en el sistema nervioso: oro, platino, carbón, Pt-Ir o IrOx entre otros, siendo este último el que ha mostrado superiores resultados. Una alta eficiencia electroquímica, estabilidad en condiciones biológicas y biocompatibilidad, han hecho del IrOx el material más prometedor como electrodo para estimulación y registro de señales neuronales. Sin embargo, los avances tecnológicos han generado una demanda de nuevos materiales con propiedades mejoradas y con menos inconvenientes que los actuales (bajos valores de capacidad de carga o la rigidez inherente de este tipo de óxidos, ya que presentan poca compatibilidad con los tejidos blandos). Estas mejoras se pueden conseguir con el uso de materiales híbridos, que unan las diferentes propiedades de los componentes. En este sentido, se han preparado electroquímicamente híbridos IrOx-CNTs, con propiedades mejoradas tras la adicción de nanotubos de carbono. La composición química de estos híbridos es muy parecida a la obtenida para IrOx, aunque la incorporación de nanotubos de carbono hace la superficie más rugosa, aumentando de esta manera el área superficial del material. Estas propiedades, junto con el aumento de la conductividad proporcionada por los nanotubos de carbono, tienen como consecuencia elevados valores de capacidad de carga electroquímica. También, la estabilidad de las capas resultantes mejora en comparación con las muestras de IrOx. Las pruebas de biocompatibilidad realizadas a las muestras IrOx-CNTs han mostrado una alta supervivencia y funcionalidad neural, parecida a la obtenida con IrOx o borosilicato (usado como referencia). Estos datos, validan este tipo de nuevos materiales como prometedores electrodos neurales. También se han preparado híbridos de IrOx con grafito y grafeno. En ambas capas, se ha observado la presencia de partículas de carbón, aunque la presencia de grafeno de única lámina no ha podido ser confirmada, y serán necesarios más experimentos. Las propiedades electroquímicas de estos híbridos, IrOx-grafito e IrOx-grafeno, son similares a las obtenidas para IrOx-CNTs, pero con mayores valores de capacidad de carga. Sin embargo, la estabilidad electroquímica es pobre para el híbrido de grafito, y finalmente la capa se despega, debido presuntamente, a la estructura heterogénea de los híbridos de grafito, en la cual, grandes partículas de carbón no están completamente introducidas en la matriz del IrOx. Híbridos de IrOx con grafeno dopado con nitrógeno se han preparado también, mostrando buenas propiedades y altos valores de capacidad de carga y estabilidad, incluso comparados con los resultados obtenidos para los híbridos con grafeno no dopado. El aumento de la conductividad en estos materiales se puede deber a la presencia de nitrógeno, que induce el aumento de defectos en las láminas de grafeno. La biocompatibilidad de estos materiales híbridos grafíticos está siendo estudiada. Tri-híbridos poliméricos también han sido sintetizados electroquímicamente, IrOx-PEDOT-CNTs. El uso de una matríz polimérica, ofrece más flexibilidad al futuro electrodo, lo que es deseable para aplicaciones en tejidos blandos. Sin embargo, los primeros resultados obtenidos muestran que el polímero encapsula los nanotubos de carbono y el IrOx, minimizando sus propiedades electroquímicas. Como consecuencia, la conducta electroquímica del material híbrido es muy similar a la obtenida en otros polímeros, como PEDOT-PSS. Las pruebas de biocompatibilidad para estos híbridos poliméricos muestran baja viabilidad neuronal, aunque un nuevo modelo de co-cultivos (astrocitos-neuronas) se ha propuesto para mejorar la biocompatibilidad en este tipo de materiales. Los materiales obtenidos en todos los casos, son capas bien adheridas, lo que permite su futuro uso como electrodos o substratos de crecimiento neuronal.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Characteristics of Anodic and Sputtered Iridium Oxide Films by : Stanley M. F. Yuen
Download or read book Electrochemical Characteristics of Anodic and Sputtered Iridium Oxide Films written by Stanley M. F. Yuen and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrical, Electrochemical, and Optical Characterization of Ceria Films by : Tae-Sik Oh
Download or read book Electrical, Electrochemical, and Optical Characterization of Ceria Films written by Tae-Sik Oh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acceptor-doped ceria has been recognized as a promising intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrode/electrolyte material. For practical implementation of ceria as a fuel cell electrolyte and for designing model experiments for electrochemical activity, it is necessary to fabricate thin films of ceria. Here, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition was carried out in a homemade reactor to grow ceria films for further electrical, electrochemical, and optical characterization. Doped/undoped ceria films are grown on single crystalline oxide wafers with/without Pt line pattern or Pt solid layer. Deposition conditions were varied to see the effect on the resultant film property. Recently, proton conduction in nanograined polycrystalline pellets of ceria drew much interest. Thickness-mode (through-plane, z-direction) electrical measurements were made to confirm the existence of proton conductivity and investigate the nature of the conduction pathway: exposed grain surfaces and parallel grain boundaries. Columnar structure presumably favors proton conduction, and we have found measurable proton conductivity enhancement. Electrochemical property of gas-columnar ceria interface on the hydrogen electrooxidation is studied by AC impedance spectroscopy. Isothermal gas composition dependence of the electrode resistance was studied to elucidate Sm doping level effect and microstructure effect. Significantly, preferred orientation is shown to affect the gas dependence and performance of the fuel cell anode. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the origin of this behavior. Lastly, an optical transmittance based methodology was developed to obtain reference refractive index and microstructural parameters (thickness, roughness, porosity) of ceria films via subsequent fitting procedure.
Book Synopsis Iridium Oxide (IrO2) as a Top Electrode for Ferroelectric Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices for Radiation Rich Environments by : Manuel Rivas
Download or read book Iridium Oxide (IrO2) as a Top Electrode for Ferroelectric Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices for Radiation Rich Environments written by Manuel Rivas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multifunctional properties of ferroelectric materials make them ideal components for numerous applications including for extreme environments such as space. Iridium oxide (IrO2) electrodes have been demonstrated to improve the lifetime of ferroelectric memory devices, however little is known about its influence on the electromechanical properties important for ferroelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The performance of thin film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based MEMS is affected by the processing conditions, composition, device design, electrode materials, and the environment. This work details the development and characterization of iridium oxide electrodes for PZT based microelectromechanical and pyroelectric-harvesting systems, fabrication induced defects, and design of clamped vs unclamped devices. This work also considers the influence of iridium oxide top electrodes on the properties of PZT films and MEMS devices subjected to gamma and heavy ion radiation for applications in space and for evaluating nuclear material where human exposure must be kept to a minimum. Using single point force measurements with an atomic force microscope, this work presents the first known experimental value of Young's modulus for thin film IrO2 (????????2 = 262 GPa). It was discovered that iridium oxide films of different morphologies are produced by manipulating the reactive gas flow rate in a sputtering process. Planar IrO2 for piezoelectric applications was optimized at 60 sccm O2 flow rate deposited at 500°C. Nanostructured, 2D platelets are observed for high oxygen flow rates (100 sccm) producing a self-limiting dense columnar film as the base of the plate-like structures. While the plate-like region continues to grow with increased deposition at a rate of ~6 nm/s, the dense film appears to reach a critical thickness of approximately 60 ± 10. Devices with iridium oxide top electrode appear to be more radiation resistant when compared to identically fabricated devices with a platinum (Pt) top electrode, when exposed up to 10 Mrad(Si) of gamma rays from a 60Co source and an equivalent dose with Fe3+ ions.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Charge Injection Properties of Iridium Oxide Films Produced on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Substrates by Ion-beam Mixing Techniques by :
Download or read book Charge Injection Properties of Iridium Oxide Films Produced on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Substrates by Ion-beam Mixing Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The charge injection capabilities of iridium oxide films, as produced on Ti6Al-4V alloy substrates by ion beam mixing techniques, have been investigated. Iridium oxide is a valence change oxide, and therefore has high values of charge injection density upon voltage cycling in electrolytes. Because of this property, iridium oxide films are useful as working elements in neural prostheses. Iridium films of three thicknesses, produced by sputter deposition followed by ion beam mixing, were tested in cyclic voltammetry out to 1000 cycles or more. Two surface preparations, mechanical polishing and an acid passivation treatment, were also used as controls. Surface analysis was primarily by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Both the ion- beam mixing and the acid pretreatment increased the lifetimes of films, in comparison with the mechanically polished standards. Reductions in charge injection capability, when they occurred, were attributed to loss of Ir from the films, and there was a close correlation between the charge injection density and the Ir inventory. 13 refs., 5 figs.
Book Synopsis Vanadium Based Mixedoxide Thin Films: Electrochromic Behavior and Electrochemical Characterization by : Florinda Artuso
Download or read book Vanadium Based Mixedoxide Thin Films: Electrochromic Behavior and Electrochemical Characterization written by Florinda Artuso and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bioelectronic Medicine by : Valentin A. Pavlov
Download or read book Bioelectronic Medicine written by Valentin A. Pavlov and published by Perspectives Cshl. This book was released on 2019 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine."
Book Synopsis Ultra-thin Chip Technology and Applications by : Joachim Burghartz
Download or read book Ultra-thin Chip Technology and Applications written by Joachim Burghartz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-18 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultra-thin chips are the "smart skin" of a conventional silicon chip. This book shows how very thin and flexible chips can be fabricated and used in many new applications in microelectronics, Microsystems, biomedical and other fields. It provides a comprehensive reference to the fabrication technology, post processing, characterization and the applications of ultra-thin chips.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Neuroengineering by : Nitish V. Thakor
Download or read book Handbook of Neuroengineering written by Nitish V. Thakor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 3686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.
Book Synopsis Neural Microelectrodes: Design and Applications by : Stuart Cogan
Download or read book Neural Microelectrodes: Design and Applications written by Stuart Cogan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural electrodes enable the recording and stimulation of bioelectrical activity in the nervous system. This technology provides neuroscientists with the means to probe the functionality of neural circuitry in both health and disease. In addition, neural electrodes can deliver therapeutic stimulation for the relief of debilitating symptoms associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and may serve as the basis for the restoration of sensory perception through peripheral nerve and brain regions after disease or injury. Lastly, microscale neural electrodes recording signals associated with volitional movement in paralyzed individuals can be decoded for controlling external devices and prosthetic limbs or driving the stimulation of paralyzed muscles for functional movements. In spite of the promise of neural electrodes for a range of applications, chronic performance remains a goal for long-term basic science studies, as well as clinical applications. New perspectives and opportunities from fields including tissue biomechanics, materials science, and biological mechanisms of inflammation and neurodegeneration are critical to advances in neural electrode technology. This Special Issue will address the state-of-the-art knowledge and emerging opportunities for the development and demonstration of advanced neural electrodes.
Book Synopsis The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms by :
Download or read book The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites by : Khouloud Jlassi
Download or read book Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites written by Khouloud Jlassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more
