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Egypt United States Relations
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Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Contents: (1) Turning a Page in U.S.-Egyptian Relations?: U.S. Co. Loses Egyptian Nuclear Contract; (2) Historical Background: Egypt During the Colonial Era; The Constitutional Monarchy and the British; Nasser and Egypt During the Cold War; Egypt-Israeli Peace; The Camp David Agreement and 1979 Peace Treaty; Egypt Under Mubarak; (3) Regime Structure; (4) Political Opposition and Civil Society; (5) Current Issues in U.S.-Egyptian Relations: Egypt¿s Regional Role; Isolating Hamas; The 2008-09 Israel-Hamas War in Gaza; Smuggling Tunnels; The Release of Gilad Shalit?; Hezbollah Cell in Egypt; The Economy and U.S-Egyptian Trade; Human Rights, Religious Freedom, and Women¿s Rights; (6) U.S. Foreign Assistance. Map and table.
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of the key issues related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving president Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor amid popular demands. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. The Obama Administration first suspended and then recast U.S. assistance for Egypt after 2013, with Congress enacting legislation placing evolving conditions on continued U.S. aid. During the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, then-candidate Trump attempted to differentiate his approach to Egypt from then-President Obama by personally praising Sisi and vowing to strengthen the bilateral relationship if elected. Some observers express concern that any improvement in U.S.-Egyptian ties may come at the expense of human rights in Egypt. Egypt's economy remains weak, the government faces significant fiscal challenges, and campaigns of insurgent and terrorist violence by various groups threaten the country's security. Reports in the Egyptian media indicate that the Sisi administration is seeking, among other things, a restoration of certain major U.S. defense equipment sales to Egypt, an overall increase in U.S. aid to Egypt, and a U.S. designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a foreign terrorist organization. The Trump Administration may want Egypt to improve its counterterrorism and counter-insurgency efforts in the Sinai Peninsula, participate in a new international military coalition of Arab states, and play a more active role in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking. Between 1948 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $77.4 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation), including $1.3 billion a year in military aid from 1987 to the present. This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors. President Obama requested that Congress appropriate $1.3 billion in FY2017 military assistance and $150 million in FY2017 economic aid for Egypt. Foreign Operations appropriations legislation considered in the 114th Congress (H.R. 5912 and S. 3117) would have provided the requested military assistance, with the Senate version of the bill providing $75 million in economic aid and including the FY2016 appropriations act's withholding of 15% of FMF for Egypt from obligation until the Secretary of State can certify that Egypt is taking effective steps toward democracy and effective governance, among other things.
Book Synopsis The United States, Great Britain, and Egypt, 1945-1956 by : Peter L. Hahn
Download or read book The United States, Great Britain, and Egypt, 1945-1956 written by Peter L. Hahn and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 1991 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States, Great Britain, and Egypt, 1945-1956: Strategy and Diplomacy in the Early Cold War
Book Synopsis Egypt-United States Relations by : Clyde R. Mark
Download or read book Egypt-United States Relations written by Clyde R. Mark and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S.-Egyptian relations are aimed at maintaining regional stability, improving bilateral relations, continuing military cooperation, and sustaining the March 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. Experience gained from Egyptian-U.S. joint military exercises proved valuable in easing coordination during the February 1991 Desert Storm operation to reverse Iraqi aggression against Kuwait. Egypt is seen by U.S. policy makers as a leader and moderating influence among many Arab, African, Islamic, and Third World states. Among the current issues in U.S.-Egyptian relations are a shared concern about international terrorism. Egypt can claim some experience with the subject, having defeated domestic Islamic terrorists intent on overthrowing the Egyptian government. The two countries disagree over the speed and depth, but not the need for some of Egypt's economic reforms. Egypt and the United States agree on the importance of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, the need to continue current Arab-Israeli peace talks, and the need for regional stability. The two nations agree on Egypt's need to introduce democratic reforms in Egypt, although critics argue that Egypt is not moving quickly enough toward full democracy or in improving the human rights situation. The United States has provided Egypt with an annual average of over $2 billion in economic and military foreign assistance since 1979. The United States will reduce Economic Support Funds (ESF) to about $400 million per year by 2008 in keeping with a plan to reduce aid to Israel. The Administration requested $575 million in economic grants and $1.3 billion in military grants for FY2004 for Egypt. On February 26, 2005, President Hosni Mubarak announced that he would seek a constitutional amendment to replace the current nominating and referendum process with a direct election for the office of president. Many political reformers have been advocating a direct election.
Book Synopsis Democracy Prevention by : Jason Brownlee
Download or read book Democracy Prevention written by Jason Brownlee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democracy Prevention explains how America's alliance with Egypt has impeded democratic change and reinforced authoritarianism over time.
Download or read book Egypt written by Congressional Service and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-10 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. Administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty.U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving President Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor, Muhammad Morsi, amid popular demands.Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. President Trump has sought to improve U.S. relations with Egypt, which were perceived as strained under President Obama. Nevertheless, Administration officials have raised concerns about Egypt's new NGO law and the continued detention of American citizens in Egypt.Between 1946 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $78.3 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation). This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors.For FY2018, the President is requesting a total of $1.38 billion in foreign assistance for Egypt, nearly all of which would come from the Foreign Military Financing (FMF) account. The $75 million FY2018 Economic Support and Development Fund (ESDF) request for Egypt is well below prior year appropriations, and Egypt has not received less than $100 million in U.S. economic assistance since the late 1970s.S. 1780, the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, allocates up to $1 billion in FY2018 FMF for Egypt, while stipulating that 25% of that amount (as opposed to 15% in previous annual appropriations legislation) shall be withheld until the Secretary of State certifies and reports to the Committees on Appropriations that the Government of Egypt is taking effective steps to advance democracy and human rights in Egypt. A waiver for this certification is included in the bill. H.R. 3362, the House version of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, would provide $1.3 billion in FMF to Egypt. The bill does not include a withholding of FMF or certification requirement. It does require the Secretary of State to consult with appropriators "on any plan to restructure military assistance for Egypt."
Book Synopsis The Struggle for Egypt by : Steven A. Cook
Download or read book The Struggle for Egypt written by Steven A. Cook and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-07 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent revolution in Egypt has shaken the Arab world to its roots. The most populous Arab country and the historical center of Arab intellectual life, Egypt is a lynchpin of the US's Middle East strategy, receiving more aid than any nation except Israel. This is not the first time that the world and has turned its gaze to Egypt, however. A half century ago, Egypt under Nasser became the putative leader of the Arab world and a beacon for all developing nations. Yet in the decades prior to the 2011 revolution, it was ruled over by a sclerotic regime plagued by nepotism and corruption. During that time, its economy declined into near shambles, a severely overpopulated Cairo fell into disrepair, and it produced scores of violent Islamic extremists such as Ayman al-Zawahiri and Mohammed Atta. In this new and updated paperback edition of The Struggle for Egypt, Steven Cook--a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations--explains how this parlous state of affairs came to be, why the revolution occurred, and where Egypt is headed now. A sweeping account of Egypt in the modern era, it incisively chronicles all of the nation's central historical episodes: the decline of British rule, the rise of Nasser and his quest to become a pan-Arab leader, Egypt's decision to make peace with Israel and ally with the United States, the assassination of Sadat, the emergence of the Muslim Brotherhood, and--finally--the demonstrations that convulsed Tahrir Square and overthrew an entrenched regime. And for the paperback edition, Cook has updated the book to include coverage of the recent political events in Egypt, including the election of the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi as President. Throughout Egypt's history, there has been an intense debate to define what Egypt is, what it stands for, and its relation to the world. Egyptians now have an opportunity to finally answer these questions. Doing so in a way that appeals to the vast majority of Egyptians, Cook notes, will be difficult but ultimately necessary if Egypt is to become an economically dynamic and politically vibrant society.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :48 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Future of U.S.-Egyptian Relations by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia
Download or read book The Future of U.S.-Egyptian Relations written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations by :
Download or read book Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of Egyptian politics and current issues in U.S.- Egyptian relations. It briefly provides a political history of modern Egypt, an overview of its political institutions, and a discussion of the prospects for democratization in Egypt. U.S.-Egyptian relations are complex and multi-faceted, and this report addresses the following current topics: the Arab-Israeli peace process, Iraq, terrorism, democratization and reform, human rights, trade, and military cooperation. This report will be updated regularly. For more information on Egypt, see CRS Report RS22274, Egypt: 2005 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections. U.S. policy on Egypt is aimed at maintaining regional stability, improving bilateral relations, continuing military cooperation, and sustaining the March 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. Successive Administrations have long viewed Egypt as a leader and moderating influence in the Middle East, though in recent years, there have been increasing calls for Egypt to democratize.
Book Synopsis Foreign Relations of the United States by : United States. Department of State
Download or read book Foreign Relations of the United States written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 by : J. Alterman
Download or read book Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 written by J. Alterman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-10-03 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the ground up the story of missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations in American relations with Egypt at a seminal time. Unprecedented in its drawing on Egyptian official sources, Hopes Dashed sheds new light on the difficulties and challenges of a nascent relationship characterized by missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations. However beneficial the intentions of those on the ground, their desire for Egyptian economic development was stymied by bureaucratic obstacles both in Egypt and the United States. And as Egypt became embroiled in the Cold War, policy decisions increasingly were made at higher levels by officials more concerned with geopolitical and Arab-Israeli issues and less how U.S. assistance could help the domestic political economy of Egypt. Alterman compellingly shows how the interests of both countries diverged to eventually undermine an early American attempt at economic assistance.
Book Synopsis Egypt: Background and U.s. Relations by : Jeremy M. Sharp
Download or read book Egypt: Background and U.s. Relations written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of the key issues related to Egypt and information on U.S. foreign aid to Egypt.The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since thelate 1970s. U.S. policy makers have routinely justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regionalstability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustainingthe March 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. Successive U.S. Administrations have publiclycharacterized Egypt's government as generally influencing developments in the Middle East inline with U.S. interests.U.S. policy makers are now debating complex questions about the future of U.S.-Egypt relations.
Book Synopsis Egypt-United States Relations by : Clyde R. Mark
Download or read book Egypt-United States Relations written by Clyde R. Mark and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the current issues in U.S.-Egyptian relations are the shared concerns over the terrorist attacks against Egyptian police, religious, government, and tourist facilities, and what those attacks maysignal for Egypt's domestic stability. The two nations may disagree over Egypt's interpretation of applying human rights practices to Islamic terrorists. The two countries disagree over the speed and depth, but not the need for some of Egypt's economic reforms. Egypt and the United States agree on the importance of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, the need to continue current Arab-Israel peace talks, and the need for regional stability. The two nations agree on Egypt's determination to introduce democratic reforms to Egypt.
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy Maxwell Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a brief overview of the key issues for Congress related to Egypt and information on U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. U.S. policy makers have routinely justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running military cooperation and on sustaining the March 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. Successive U.S. Administrations have viewed Egypt's government as generally influencing developments in the Middle East in line with U.S. interests. U.S. policy makers are now grappling with complex questions about the future of U.S.-Egypt relations, and these debates and events in Egypt are shaping consideration of appropriations and authorization legislation in the 112th Congress.
Book Synopsis The Us, Israel, and Egypt by : YEHUDA U. BLANGA
Download or read book The Us, Israel, and Egypt written by YEHUDA U. BLANGA and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the diplomatic triangle of Israel, the United States, and Egypt during the War of Attrition along the Suez Canal in 1969-1970. Considering the Egyptian president's political positions and outlooks on the Arab-Israeli conflict and the pan-Arab sphere, relations with the United States, the study reviews the internal disagreements between the State Department and Henry Kissinger, the national security adviser in the White House. The study demonstrates that the United States and Egypt worked together to thaw their relations after the severance of ties in June 1967, motivated by a desire to protect and advance their interests in the Middle East. The book is based chiefly on textual analysis of political and historical events in the domain of international relations, but with the same attention to internal policy as well. In addition, the research draws chiefly on primary sources that have only recently been released to the general public and that have not yet been the subject of serious analysis. The lion's share of the work is based on qualitative content analysis of documents from the National Archives in Washington and especially of the US State Department. Providing a reading that is new, comprehensive, and complete, both with regard to the scope of the sources as well as the analysis of developments in the relations between Egypt and the United States, this book is a key resource for students and scholars interested in the Arab-Israeli conflict, political science and diplomacy, Israeli studies and the Middle East.
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of Egyptian politics and current issues in U.S.-Egyptian relations. It briefly provides a political history of modern Egypt, an overview of its political institutions, and a discussion of the prospects for democratization in Egypt. U.S.-Egyptian relations are complex and multi-faceted, and this report addresses the following current topics: the Arab-Israeli peace process, Iraq, terrorism, democratization and reform, human rights, trade, and military cooperation.
Author :United States. Congress Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781985324473 Total Pages :42 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (244 download)
Book Synopsis The Future of U. S. -Egyptian Relations by : United States. Congress
Download or read book The Future of U. S. -Egyptian Relations written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future of U.S.-Egyptian relations : hearing before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, June 16, 2004.
