Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Effects Of White Tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus On The Dynamics And Structure Of Spanish Oak Quercus Buckleyi Populations On The Eastern Edwards Plateau Texas
Download Effects Of White Tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus On The Dynamics And Structure Of Spanish Oak Quercus Buckleyi Populations On The Eastern Edwards Plateau Texas full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Effects Of White Tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus On The Dynamics And Structure Of Spanish Oak Quercus Buckleyi Populations On The Eastern Edwards Plateau Texas ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the dynamics and structure of Spanish oak (Quercus buckleyi) populations on the eastern Edwards Plateau, Texas by : Francis Leland Russell
Download or read book Effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the dynamics and structure of Spanish oak (Quercus buckleyi) populations on the eastern Edwards Plateau, Texas written by Francis Leland Russell and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing the Effects of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) on the Oak Savanna by : Amanda Kuntz
Download or read book Assessing the Effects of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) on the Oak Savanna written by Amanda Kuntz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Predation on Population Dynamics of White-tailed Deer in South Texas by : John Gregory Kie
Download or read book Effects of Predation on Population Dynamics of White-tailed Deer in South Texas written by John Gregory Kie and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estimating the Ecological Impact and Carrying Capacity of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) at Camp James A. Garfield Joint Military Training Center by : Curtis D. Burns (Jr.)
Download or read book Estimating the Ecological Impact and Carrying Capacity of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) at Camp James A. Garfield Joint Military Training Center written by Curtis D. Burns (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic habitat modification, predator extirpation, and reduced hunting pressure have pushed white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) populations to unprecedentedly high densities throughout much of eastern North America. Importantly, their selective foraging can depress the abundance of preferred native plant species, increase that of less nutritious ones, and facilitate exotic species invasion. However, few have researched areas where WTD densities have been maintained, for decades, at low levels. Moreover, scant data exists on canopy species regeneration across different-aged canopy gaps, in different habitats, and in areas of historically high and low WTD densities. Here, we ask: 1) across a range of canopy gap ages, does WTD density affect the number and relative cover of native and non-native plant species, in wet and dry habitats?, and 2) does vegetation structure differ in areas of historically low WTD density relative to areas where WTD are excluded via fenced exclosures? - here, an answer of `no' suggests WTD are at or below their carrying capacity. This study took place in and outside of Camp James A. Garfield Joint Military Training Center (C-JAG, Portage Co., OH), which has maintained WTD densities 2-3 times lower than the surrounding areas, since 1955. Excluding WTD at C-JAG for one year did not result in different plant communities, suggesting C-JAG's aggressive WTD management has them at or below their carrying capacity. Relative to surrounding areas, canopy gaps at C-JAG generally harbored a more diverse and abundant assemblage of native species, especially in dry habitats, and lower levels of non-native species in both habitats. Canopy gap age did not affect any response variable, suggesting a low WTD density generally promotes native plant diversity, and reduces the incidence of exotic species, regardless of gap successional stage. Given that energy transfer to higher trophic levels tends to be greater in areas of high native plant diversity, maintaining low WTD densities may facilitate the diversity and abundance of species at higher trophic levels. Lastly, without adequate WTD management, our forests will likely suffer continued native biodiversity loss, altered successional trajectories, and become increasingly dominated by exotic species.
Book Synopsis Impact of Disturbance and White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herbivory on Plant Community and Nutrient Dynamics in Northern Hardwood Forests of Northern New York State by : Karl A. Didier
Download or read book Impact of Disturbance and White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herbivory on Plant Community and Nutrient Dynamics in Northern Hardwood Forests of Northern New York State written by Karl A. Didier and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Revised Columbian White-tailed Deer Recovery Plan by : Columbian White-Tailed Deer Recovery Team
Download or read book Revised Columbian White-tailed Deer Recovery Plan written by Columbian White-Tailed Deer Recovery Team and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Community-level Effects of a Widescale Reduction in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Density by : Mariah Slaughter
Download or read book Community-level Effects of a Widescale Reduction in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Density written by Mariah Slaughter and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prolonged overabundance of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) throughout the deciduous forests of eastern North America has resulted in widespread changes in the understory community. Studies have demonstrated that the exclusion of deer can allow some aspects of the understory to recover, but there are strong time-lags for deer-preferred species. Additionally, these exclosures only test the presence/absence of deer, which is not a feasible management option or desirable as deer are a part of the community. Here I evaluate how large-scale deer density manipulations within the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative of Pennsylvania affected understory vegetation communities. Using data from six periodic intensive vegetation surveys I assessed multiple measures of understory response, from both woody and non-woody components of the understory, including potential time-lags in recovery. Most measures I used showed some recovery while deer densities were reduced, and negative responses to increasing deer density. Often recovery responses showed varied degrees of time-lag. Overall, these findings suggest that large-scale manipulations in deer density are a viable management plan to promote community recovery following long-term deer overabundance. However, the recovery process can quickly be reversed if deer density rises, so consistent management policies are required to see long-term change.
Book Synopsis Foraging Behaviors of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Consuming Acorns by : Jacob Smith
Download or read book Foraging Behaviors of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Consuming Acorns written by Jacob Smith and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Odocoileus virginianus readily consume acorns. Acorns are large (1 - 5 g), high in lipids, and dietary lipid content affects deer survival and fecundity. Deer might also ingest acorns because of a high short-term food intake. Leaves of dicotyledous plants (browse) is the forage type commonly consumed by O. virginianus and models of browse food intake reveal that larger bite sizes increase food intake. Deer consuming browse appear to have a maximum bite size and food intake of 1.2 g/bite and 9.8 g/min, respectively. My first objective was to determine whether food intake of acorns exceeded 9.8 g/min. Interestingly, limited data indicated that food intake might decline with increasing acorn (Quercus sp.) mass. I also investigated whether larger acorns reduced food intake because of increased chews per gram of ingested material (chewing investment) and lower bite rates. I measured foraging behaviors of free-ranging deer consuming Q. virginianus (Live oak) or Q. buckleyi (Texas oak) acorns in San Marcos, Texas. I set out 200 acorns in a 1-m2 area at four feeding locations and recorded the time deer spent feeding on acorns and the number of bites and chews taken. Food intake was the product of acorn mass and bite rate. Five observers collected 92 foraging observations that ranged in length from 1 to 24 minutes from September to December 2020 - 2022. Acorn mass was measured in 57 of those observations. Observation length, time of day, and observer influenced bite and chew rates, and these variables were included in subsequent analyses. The mean acorn mass of Q. virginianus was 1.5 gm (s = 0.7) and 2.8 gm (s = 1.5) for Q. buckleyi. Using linear mixed effects models I estimated a mean food intake on Q. virginianus acorns of 27.22 g/min (SE = 5.1) and 24.55 (4.9) for Q. buckleyi. Deer can ingest acorns faster than the maximum ingestion rate of browse. Analyses of mixed-effects models indicated that bite rate was higher on Q. virginianus acorns but chewing rate was higher on Q. buckleyi acorns. Food intake was also lower for Texas than Q. virginianus acorns. An inverse relationship, however, between chewing rate and food intake meant that chewing investment declined with food intake. Elevated chewing rate when deer consumed Q. buckleyi acorns appeared to reduce food intake. In addition to acorn mass, species specific characteristics of acorns such as pliability, texture, and chemical composition might impact deer ingestive behavior. Deer behavior dictating acorn ingestion is complex and requires further investigation.
Book Synopsis Effects of Year-round Supplemental Feeding of White-tailed Deer on Plant Community Dynamics by : Beau Navarre
Download or read book Effects of Year-round Supplemental Feeding of White-tailed Deer on Plant Community Dynamics written by Beau Navarre and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supplemental feeding is commonly practiced to enhance available nutrition for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The effects of supplemental feeding on the surrounding vegetative community may be related to herbivory, trampling, and seed dispersal. I evaluated how these potential mechanisms affect vegetative communities using a matched-pair design (fed and ecologically equivalent unfed sites) during 2018-2020. In a short-term manipulative portion of the study, I sampled the vegetation prior to feeding and during two years of feeding. In a long-term retrospective study, I sampled feeders established 5-7 years previously. Feeders increased daily detection rate of deer and seed dispersing non-target wildlife, percentage of browsed plants, bare ground, and seed deposition. Plant communities diverged increasingly more from year 1 through years 5-7. Supplemental feeding directly affects local understory plant communities due to increased herbivory and trampling, while seed dispersal by non-target wildlife and increased bare ground may facilitate invasion of non-desirable plant species.
Book Synopsis White-tailed Deer and Small Mammal Population Dynamics Over Time by : Ilianna Eden Anise
Download or read book White-tailed Deer and Small Mammal Population Dynamics Over Time written by Ilianna Eden Anise and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My research contributed to a long-term study of small mammal and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population dynamics over time in Morris County, specifically at Drew University and the Great Swamp Watershed Association. I used live trapping to gather data on small mammal populations and a fecal pellet index (FPI) and visual census to assess the white-tailed deer population. Overall, I was interested in how the population dynamics change over time, independently and interacting with each other. I also started weighing small mammals in an attempt to use weight to clarify small mammal age class. I found that changes occurred in four target mammal species (raccoon, Peromyscus spp., eastern chipmunk, and eastern gray squirrel) over time. Specifically, I noticed an increase in raccoon, squirrel, and Peromyscus spp. numbers but a decrease in chipmunk population from 2015-2016. The decrease in chipmunks is a result of older individuals not surviving whereas squirrel numbers increased due to their younger reproducing population. Similarly, the raccoon population had the highest number captured in 2016 compared to previous years, most likely caused by increased reproduction and a greater number of juveniles. In analyzing relationships between small mammal populations, my study documented a strong relationship between the squirrel and chipmunk populations. I found that over time, chipmunks and squirrels displayed a strong negative relationship in a lagged Pearson correlation and in 2016, I determined that either squirrel or chipmunk activity dominates the trapping grids at Drew University. Moreover, I found that squirrel activity was significantly higher at the Hepburn Woods site than at the President's House or the Zuck Arboretum sites, when comparing squirrel activity among Drew sites. My research displayed some interesting findings regarding small mammal weight measurements. On average, Drew University chipmunks and squirrels weighed more than their respective captures at the Great Swamp Watershed Association's sites. I was able to use weight as an indicator of determined age class in chipmunks and squirrels. I found no significant difference in adult weight based on sex. In looking at the impact of deer exclosures on small mammal activity, I found no significant impact from the deer exclosure on small mammal activity. My study of the white-tailed deer population at Drew University using the fecal pellet index and visual census indicated interesting shifts in the population over time. Of note, there was a marked decline in the population due to epizootic hemorrhagic disease in 2011. However, the population completely recovered in 3-4 years in 2015. By 2016, the population exhibited a crash, most likely due to an overshoot in carrying capacity. The visual census provided a conservative assessment of the age and sex distribution of the deer population. The visual census also indicated that the Drew University population exceeded carrying capacity in 2015, according to Tilghman (1989). The present findings of this thesis display the importance of long-term research with small mammal and white-tailed deer populations. Future research will continue to be essential in documenting how small mammal and white-tailed deer population dynamics change overtime.
Book Synopsis SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN WINTER SEVERITY by :
Download or read book SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN WINTER SEVERITY written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Winter in the northern Great Lakes presents a suite of challenging conditions for animals, in terms of limited food availability and increased energetic cost of locomotion and thermoregulation. Variable winter severity is liable to cause interannual fluctuations in habitat viability and use by animals, in addition to modulating physiological responses in animals to conserve energy. For example, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) congregate at high densities under eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) or northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) stands, which provide forage, thermal cover, reduced snow depth, and enhanced vigilance. However, a suite of climatic, edaphic, and management changes, in addition to novel deer densities, have compromised regeneration of eastern hemlock in recent years, while facilitating the propagation of hardwoods. For this research, I monitored 39 randomly selected eastern hemlock stands across the western Upper Peninsula. I selected a subset of 15 of these stands to survey for forest community composition and assess changes between 2006 and 2015, and found evidence of a transition to hardwoods such as maple (Acer rubrum and A. saccharum). This change in forest composition will have significant implications for migratory white-tailed deer, particularly when coupled with more extreme winter conditions predicted to occur with climate change. I monitored local deer use in all 39 stands from winter 2014-15 to 2017-2018, building on a dataset extending back to winter 2005-2006, by counting fecal pellet groups in each stand, and found evidence of reduced use following recent severe winters, as well as a spatial shift in intensity of use. I assessed diet composition by collecting fecal samples during spring pellet surveys, and found evidence of spatial variability in the diet, likely due to spatiotemporal variation in winter severity. To further understand the physiological implications of winter severity and winter diet, I assessed physiological stress response (via non-invasive fecal glucocorticoids) and found evidence of endocrine down-regulation in animals with a poor diet and in extreme conditions. My findings underscore the importance of maintaining a mesic conifer component in northern forests to provide winter habitat for regional migratory deer populations.
Book Synopsis White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Population Dynamics in a Multi-predator Landscape by :
Download or read book White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Population Dynamics in a Multi-predator Landscape written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indices of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) abundance in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan suggested the population declined 40% from the previous 5 year mean following 2 consecutive severe winters in the mid-1990s and has not since increased in population size. I collected estimates and assessed biological and environmental covariates of survival and recruitment of fawns (1 year old) and age-specific reproductive and survival rates of adult females ( 1.6 years old) in the southwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan from 20092011. Reproduction did not appear to regulate population growth, as 92 percent of females were pregnant. Annual survival of adult females was 70 percent across years, but poorer annual survival of fawns across years (44 percent) resulted in recruitment being the most influential vital rate to population growth, which increased 10 percent from 2009 to 2010, but decreased 13 percent from 2010 to 2011. Variation in population growth emphasized that annual variation in fawn recruitment may have nullified increased growth over time. Most fawn mortalities occurred within 12 weeks of age, emphasizing this period greatly influenced annual survival rates of fawns, and especially population growth. Therefore, I suggest fawns should be considered the priority cohort for deer population management, including mitigation of factors which limit fawn recruitment. Winter severity effects on nutritional condition of adult females primarily influenced survival of adult females and fawns. However, adult female avoidance of interior lowland forests which had greater wolf (Canis lupus) use and commonly aging and over-browsed vegetation ostensibly reduced fawn recruitment through a lack of hiding vegetation and poorer forage. Also, by adult females raising fawns in habitats near roads, the predatory efficacy of coyotes (C. latrans) on adult females and fawns increased. Although predation was the leading cause of deer mortality, bottom-up effects of winter severity on nutritional condition and resource use appeared to be most influential to sustaining a lack of population increase. Hence, I suggest population growth could be improved through habitat management that increases landscape heterogeneity of early successional forests to enhance year-round browse to increase nutritional condition of adult females and hiding cover for fawns.
Book Synopsis Impact of a Historical Translocation on Populations of White-tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus by : Nathan Kendall Boddie
Download or read book Impact of a Historical Translocation on Populations of White-tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus written by Nathan Kendall Boddie and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Brush Management on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in the Cross Timbers Region of Oklahoma by : Roderick Brian Soper
Download or read book Effects of Brush Management on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in the Cross Timbers Region of Oklahoma written by Roderick Brian Soper and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus ) on Bottomland Forest Restoration at the Confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers by : Benjamin McGuire
Download or read book Effects of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus ) on Bottomland Forest Restoration at the Confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers written by Benjamin McGuire and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
