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Effects Of Social Environment And Experience On Parental Care Behavioral Development And Reproductive Success Of Prairie Voles Microtus Ochrogaster
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Book Synopsis Effects of Social Environment and Experience on Parental Care, Behavioral Development, and Reproductive Success of Prairie Voles (Microtus Ochrogaster) by : Zuoxin Wang
Download or read book Effects of Social Environment and Experience on Parental Care, Behavioral Development, and Reproductive Success of Prairie Voles (Microtus Ochrogaster) written by Zuoxin Wang and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Parental Care: Evolution, Mechanisms, And Adaptive Significance by :
Download or read book Parental Care: Evolution, Mechanisms, And Adaptive Significance written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-11-18 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the Study of Behavior presents its first thematic volume, focusing on the physiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying parental care. The book discusses parental care both within and across taxa, with coverage of invertebrates and early vertebrates, fishes, amphibia, reptiles, mammals, birds, and nonhuman primates. A running theme throughout the chapters shows that parental care is anchored to the ecology, reproductive physiology, and embryonic development of a species. Coverage also includes mechanisms of parental care, including analysis of the stimuli that parents respond to and how parental care is initiated, maintained, and terminated. Individual differences within species are also explored, examining stable differences in maternal style, how they arise, and the consequences for both mother and infant.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Breeding in Mammals by : Nancy G. Solomon
Download or read book Cooperative Breeding in Mammals written by Nancy G. Solomon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-03-13 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COOPERATIVE BREEDING AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN ANIMAL SOCIETIES.
Book Synopsis Rodent Societies by : Jerry O. Wolff
Download or read book Rodent Societies written by Jerry O. Wolff and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rodent Societies synthesizes and integrates the current state of knowledge about the social behavior of rodents, providing ecological and evolutionary contexts for understanding their societies and highlighting emerging conservation and management strategies to preserve them. It begins with a summary of the evolution, phylogeny, and biogeography of social and nonsocial rodents, providing a historical basis for comparative analyses. Subsequent sections focus on group-living rodents and characterize their reproductive behaviors, life histories and population ecology, genetics, neuroendocrine mechanisms, behavioral development, cognitive processes, communication mechanisms, cooperative and uncooperative behaviors, antipredator strategies, comparative socioecology, diseases, and conservation. Using the highly diverse and well-studied Rodentia as model systems to integrate a variety of research approaches and evolutionary theory into a unifying framework, Rodent Societies will appeal to a wide range of disciplines, both as a compendium of current research and as a stimulus for future collaborative and interdisciplinary investigations.
Book Synopsis Variation in Early Social Networks by : Forrest Dylan Rogers
Download or read book Variation in Early Social Networks written by Forrest Dylan Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For altricial mammalian species, early life social bonds are essential for survival and successful biobehavioral development. In the majority of mammalian species, these earliest social bonds are formed primarily between offspring and their mothers, and the mother-offspring relationship sets the trajectory for offspring biobehavioral development. However, in the rare subset of mammals that demonstrate biparental care and/or alloparental care, other adult and sub-adult caregivers join mothers to shape the early life social environment of developing offspring. One finds such a case with the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), for whom paternal care is not only common, but perhaps requisite for normative biobehavioral development. Previous study of the socially monogamous, biparental, and cooperatively breeding prairie vole has given insight into the role that mothers and fathers play in shaping behavioral phenotypes of offspring. Here, we first discuss the ultimate and proximate mechanisms of maternal, paternal, and alloparental care, with emphasis on recent trends in research. Subsequently, we present three studies exploring the role of fathers and alloparents in prairie vole biobehavioral development. In the first study, we present evidence that prairie vole fathers increase their parental effort from litter to subsequent litter in order to compensate for declines in maternal care; thus, prairie vole fathers may play an important role in maintaining stability in the parenting environment across offspring cohorts. In the second study, we revisit previous findings that, in prairie voles, paternal absence (also known as 'paternal deprivation') in the pre-weaning development of offspring alters biobehavioral development, perhaps most notably through the inhibition of normative pairbond development. By leveraging alloparental care, we sought to determine whether this altered development is due to the absence of specific paternal qualities or a general reduction in pup-directed care. Through a series of early-life observations of parental care and major developmental milestones, as well as through behavioral tests in adulthood, we demonstrate that female sub-adult alloparents (i.e., big sisters), by and large, successfully replace fathers, perhaps indicating that the primary mechanism that drives the developmental consequences of paternal absence is a reduction in the quantity of parental care received. In one notable exception, we demonstrate that male offspring reared with a mother and an alloparent are, despite this quantitative replacement of care, unable to form a typical pair bond, whereas their female siblings do form typical pair bonds. This finding suggests that for male prairie vole offspring, fathers may contribute a particular quality or set of qualities important for normative development of species-typical mating behavior. In a third and final study, we expand upon our second study with an investigation of potential neuroendocrine substrates of these behavioral differences. We present evidence that paternal absence (with and without alloparental substitution) may alter the development of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and/or vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a) distribution in male and female prairie voles. We also demonstrate with baseline corticosterone concentrations that offspring reared by mothers alone and offspring reared by a mother and an alloparent are neither more or less susceptible to social isolation than biparentally-reared controls. Taken together, our findings clarify the scope and nature of paternal and alloparental influence on offspring biobehavioral development in the prairie vole.
Download or read book Journal of Mammalogy written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Zoology written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consequences of Natural Variation in Early Life Care in the Biparental Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) by : Allison Marie Perkeybile
Download or read book Consequences of Natural Variation in Early Life Care in the Biparental Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) written by Allison Marie Perkeybile and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early rearing environment has the potential to permanently alter the developmental trajectory of offspring. Decades of research in rats have shown that differences in the mother-infant relationship, both those that are naturally occurring and those that are experimentally induced, can result in lasting changes in outcomes such as social and anxiety-like behavior, and stress physiology. In particular, offspring reared by rat dams that display high levels of licking and grooming in the neonatal period show decreased levels of anxiety-like behavior and increased maternal care as well as display a more tightly regulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to acute stress as adults. What remains to be determined is how biparental rearing may shape these outcomes. Prairie voles, a monogamous biparental rodent, were used to determine whether breeding pairs show variation in offspring care and what influence this variation in early care has on the display of social behavior and stress reactivity in response to a social stressor in later life. In addition, the mode of inheritance from parent to offspring was determined for alloparental behavior as well as oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) receptor distribution. Results indicate that prairie vole breeding pairs exhibit naturally occurring variation in the type and amount of care directed toward offspring in the neonatal period. The amount of care given to pups is consistent across litters within a single breeding pair but varies considerably across all pairs in the colony. In ranking all pairs in relation to one another based on the amount of care given to offspring, those in the top quartile were high-contact (HC) pairs while those in the bottom quartile were low-contact (LC) pairs. Offspring reared by HC parents display increases in pro-social behavior as adolescents toward a novel juvenile as well as an unrelated infant. Using cross-fostering methods, it was determine that this alloparental behavior was transmitted from parent to offspring via non-genomic mechanisms. Alloparenting behaviors of offspring were predicted by the parental behaviors of their rearing parents. Meanwhile, OT and AVP receptor distributions were transmitted in a sex-dependent genomic fashion. Male offspring displayed OT and AVP receptor binding that was predicted by his genetic father while female offspring displayed OT and AVP receptor binding that was predicted by her genetic mother. In an intrasexual aggression test, an acute social stressor, LC male offspring initiated significantly more aggressive interactions with a novel non-aggressive stimulus animal while HC female offspring had an increased number and density of AVP-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, HC female offspring also had elevated plasma corticosterone levels after 4 weeks of social isolation, a chronic social stressor. These results indicate that the prairie vole is a useful model in studying the effects of variation in early care of offspring in a biparental species. Breeding pairs show consistent variation in care of their offspring, and this variation in early experience, although more subtle than past models of early life manipulations, is associated with alterations in social behavior in adolescent offspring. Cross-fostering revealed distinct and differential modes of transmission for social behavior and neuropeptide receptor distribution phenotypes, indicating that the early life environment may shape behavior and physiology through different mechanisms. Lastly, responses to social stress in adulthood were found to be both sex- and early-experience dependent. Taken together, these findings move toward establishing the prairie vole as a model of early parent-offspring interaction and allow for the study of early-life influences on social and physiological developmental trajectories in offspring.
Book Synopsis Ontogenetic Variation and the Plasticity of Neurobiological and Behavioral Phenotypes in the Socially Monogamous Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) by : Lisa Christine Hiura
Download or read book Ontogenetic Variation and the Plasticity of Neurobiological and Behavioral Phenotypes in the Socially Monogamous Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) written by Lisa Christine Hiura and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With everchanging environmental contexts and dynamic social partners, the ability to continuously integrate information and make adaptations is essential for an animal's survival and fitness. Early experiences powerfully shape the phenotypic trajectories of offspring, such that conspecifics can exhibit wildly divergent behaviors in the same contexts. The causes and consequences of social behavioral diversity are rooted in the plasticity of neuroendocrine signaling systems, which also serve fundamental roles in the functional and structural development of the brain. Critically, we still know little of the mechanisms by which complex experiences are encoded in the brains of developing offspring to pattern behavioral variation in latter stages of life. This thesis investigates the impact(s) of multifactorial early life experiences on the ontogeny of neural phenotypes in the biparental prairie vole system. In chapter 2, I describe the ages at which distinct subregions of the medial extended amygdala begin to functionally respond to changes in social context. In chapters 3 and 4 I follow with a characterization of how multiple dimensions of the rearing environment independently and synergistically shape the profiles of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors, their peptide-producing cell groups, and age-specific offspring behaviors. The data reveal that region-specific receptor densities are contingent upon an animal's sex, a father's presence or absence within the natal nest, the complexity of the juvenile weaning environment, and the higher-order interactions thereof. Furthermore, the absence of a father during the rearing period predicts a more socially permissive offspring phenotype, and lower numbers of oxytocinergic cells in the adult hypothalamus. However, these outcomes are contingent upon family handling conditions, indicating that alternate early life factors can offset or exacerbate the influence of paternal care. Finally, in chapter 5 I describe the reciprocal effect of variation in pup rearing experiences on parental phenotypes. Parental behaviors are surprisingly consistent across parenting contexts, but the associations between behavior and vasopressin cell groups display experience dependent plasticity. Altogether this body of work exhibits the extensive plasticity of behavior and underlying nonapeptide mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of examining environmental interactions within and across the lifespan of the prairie vole.
Book Synopsis Effects of Paternal Care in the Early Environment on the Growth, Development, Survival, and Subsequent Paternal Behavior in Prairie Voles, Microtus Ochrogaster by : Robert Bruce Griffin
Download or read book Effects of Paternal Care in the Early Environment on the Growth, Development, Survival, and Subsequent Paternal Behavior in Prairie Voles, Microtus Ochrogaster written by Robert Bruce Griffin and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Systems and Population Cycles in Voles by : R. Tamarin
Download or read book Social Systems and Population Cycles in Voles written by R. Tamarin and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Vasopressin System and Behavior by : Heather K. Caldwell
Download or read book The Vasopressin System and Behavior written by Heather K. Caldwell and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vasopressin and its homologues are evolutionarily ancient neuropeptides that are important to the neural modulation of behavior in many species. Over the last several decades there has been an emergence of cross-species consensus with regards to the broad behavioral domains that the vasopressin system influences. However, there are nuanced species- and sex-differences in the functions of this system, as well as evidence for cross-talk between this system and the oxytocin system. For this Research Topic, reviews and research articles from investigators across the field were solicited, with the goal to highlight some of the complexity and diversity within this system. This collection challenges researchers to broaden their understanding of this system as well as identifies areas in which additional research is needed. Topic areas featured include: - System complexity - Sex and species differences - Developmental effects - Human and non-human primates
Book Synopsis What’s Love Got to Do with it: The Evolution of Monogamy by : Alexander G. Ophir
Download or read book What’s Love Got to Do with it: The Evolution of Monogamy written by Alexander G. Ophir and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neurobiological Consequences of Early Experience with Pups in the Prairie Vole, Microtus Ochrogaster by : Gloria Denise Mathieu
Download or read book Neurobiological Consequences of Early Experience with Pups in the Prairie Vole, Microtus Ochrogaster written by Gloria Denise Mathieu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to younger siblings within the natal group has been shown to produce long-term changes in alloparental and parental behavior in the monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Receptors for the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are involved in the regulation of social behaviors in monogamous mammals, including the regulation of parental behavior. Groups of juvenile subjects underwent different amounts of experience with infant siblings as follows: (a) No experience; (b) Experience with one litter of younger siblings; (c) Experience with two litters of siblings. Parental behavior was measured in the juveniles and their parents. In general, males had a higher density of both OT and AVP V1a receptors in the MeA across all treatment groups. Animals with alloparental experience had a higher density of V1a receptors in the MPOA and MeA, whereas in the CgCtx, OT receptors were higher in experienced females and lower in experienced males when compared to their inexperienced counterparts. We also looked for changes in the expression of OT and V1a receptors that might be correlated to previous alloparental behavior or quality of parental care received. For both sexes, the amount of alloparental care displayed, specifically in the licking and grooming behavior, was positively correlated with OTR binding in the MeA and Nacc. Correlations were also found between alloparental behavior and V1a binding in the MeA and the MPOA. The amount of parental care received was positively correlated with OT binding in the lateral septum of males, and correlations were also found between maternal care received and V1a binding in the MPOA of females and the CgCtx of males. Understanding the changes in the expression of these receptors as they occur in relation to changes in social behavior provides us insight into the neurobiological mechanisms by which humans and other monogamous, biparental mammals are affected by early environmental influences and insight into the potentially powerful mechanisms through which experience influences behavior.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
