Effects Of Hypertension And Age On Cerebrovasculature And Cognition In The Monkey

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Effects of Hypertension and Age on Cerebrovasculature and Cognition in the Monkey

Author : Chad William Farris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Hypertension and Age on Cerebrovasculature and Cognition in the Monkey by : Chad William Farris

Download or read book Effects of Hypertension and Age on Cerebrovasculature and Cognition in the Monkey written by Chad William Farris and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Cognitive impairments in memory and executive function are commonly observed with aging in humans. Age-related cognitive decline is exacerbated by hypertension, but it is less clear whether hypertension can lead to cognitive impairment in young adults. Rhesus monkeys evidence cognitive impairment with age that parallels that seen in humans and have been established as an appropriate animal model to examine the neurobiological basis of age-related cognitive decline. The development of a technique to produce chronic hypertension in the monkey has permitted the expansion of this model to evaluate the effects of hypertension in both young adult and aged monkeys. We used this model to examine whether hypertension alone is sufficient to cause impairment in learning and memory in the young adult.In order to gain a better understanding of the etiology of cognitive decline with hypertension or age, we then evaluated the integrity of cerebral microvasculature in hypertensive and in aged cognitively characterized rhesus monkeys using magnetic resonance imaging to measure cerebral blood volume (CBV) and image analysis on serial brain sections immunohistochemically stained for type IV collagen to quantify the microvasculature. Lastly, we utilized dynamic R2-star mapping to assess hippocampal vasoreactivity to carbon dioxide challenge from early adulthood to old age. The results demonstrated that induction of hypertension in young adult monkeys impaired relearning of a previously learned rule, but not visual recognition memory. Morphological measurement showed an increase in vascularity of the cingulum bundle with age but not in three other preselected areas, but this change did not correlate with cognitive impairments. MRI measurement of CBV in gray matter increased with duration of hypertension, but did not correlate with cognitive function. Functional vasoreactivity to carbon dioxide challenge was reduced in the right hippocampus, but not the left with age. The right hippocampal vasoreactivity, but not left, correlated with performance on two of three hippocampal dependent memory tasks in middle-aged animals. Together, the results of these studies suggest that hypertension in young adulthood can impair some aspects of cognition, and while both structural and functional microvascular alterations occur with aging or hypertension, only functional alterations correlate with cognitive function.

Independent and Combined Effects of Hypertension and Age on Cognition and the Cerebrovascular System in the Rhesus Monkey

Author : Elizabeth Marie Jonak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 808 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Independent and Combined Effects of Hypertension and Age on Cognition and the Cerebrovascular System in the Rhesus Monkey by : Elizabeth Marie Jonak

Download or read book Independent and Combined Effects of Hypertension and Age on Cognition and the Cerebrovascular System in the Rhesus Monkey written by Elizabeth Marie Jonak and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Little is known about the effect of hypertension on cognition, nor the combined effect of hypertension and age. In order to overcome some confounding variables found in human studies including use of anti-hypertensive medication, varying definitions of hypertension, and cultural and educational biases in cognitive tests, we developed a non-human primate model of untreated hypertension. Coarctation of the thoracic aorta induced elevated blood pressure. Thirteen young (4--7 years) and fourteen middle-aged (14--19 years) male rhesus monkeys were subdivided into unoperated (normotensive) or coarcted (hypertensive) groups producing a two by two design. Each monkey was tested on a battery of cognitive tasks five months following the induction of hypertension. The pattern of performance suggests a dissociation between changes seen with age and those due to hypertension. Relative to young normotensive subjects, middle-aged hypertensive subjects were impaired on tasks of learning, recognition memory, spatial and object working memory span, and executive function while middle-aged normotensive and young hypertensive groups generally were not impaired. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with contrast agents and intravenous radioactive tracer studies were employed to assess in-vivo and ex-vivo integrity of the vascular system and blood brain barrier (BBB). Two years after entry into this study, T1 weighted serial MR images were acquired prior to and following an injection of Magnevist (gadopentate dimeglumine), a contrast agent that crosses a disrupted BBB. The volume of the Magnevist enhanced voxels was significantly greater in the middle-aged hypertensive subjects compared to the middle-aged normotensive subjects (p=0.045), providing compelling evidence that the interaction of hypertension and age alters the cerebrovasculature. Collectively, these studies help isolate the individual and combined effects of age and hypertension on cognition and morphology. This non-human primate model of hypertension offers a reliable method to isolate vascular factors and better understand their effects on the brain, while retaining the ability to assess cognitive functions in parallel to those examined in humans.

Research Awards Index

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 776 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cerebrovascular Bibliography

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebrovascular Bibliography by :

Download or read book Cerebrovascular Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-04 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Brain Aging

Author : David R. Riddle
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420005529
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Aging by : David R. Riddle

Download or read book Brain Aging written by David R. Riddle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur

Treatable and Potentially Preventable Dementias

Author : Vladimir Hachinski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1107157463
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatable and Potentially Preventable Dementias by : Vladimir Hachinski

Download or read book Treatable and Potentially Preventable Dementias written by Vladimir Hachinski and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Captures advancements in the vascular cognitive impairment approach to dementia, providing clear guidelines in diagnoses and management.

Neuroimaging II

Author : Erin D. Bigler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489917691
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroimaging II by : Erin D. Bigler

Download or read book Neuroimaging II written by Erin D. Bigler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of Volume I of the Handbook of Human Brain Function was on basic scientific principles of brain imaging as it relates to the study of human brain function. Once the scientific bases for a particular discipline are established, follow. Such is the status of brain imaging in the study of clinical applications human brain function. It is of interest to note that the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell, who discovered that nuclei precessing in the radiofrequency range could emit a radiofrquency signal detected by a radio receiver. Their findings initiated a series of very basic re search studies on the characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance. It would take over 25 years of basic research before findings began to point toward truly biomedical applications. However, once realized, clinical applications became standard fare for nuclear magnetic resonance. The example of Bloch and Pur cell's work in an area of very basic science expanding to clinical application has been repeated throughout the medical and neurological sciences. This type of progress is what drives science. As a benefit from these scientific advances, research, clinical, and diagnostic imaging from a variety of modalities, not just computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, can be performed. This volume focuses on the clinical applications of various neuroimaging meth ods. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of clinical neuroimaging in the study of human brain function.

Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1060 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Research Grants Index

Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Grants Index by : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants

Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Lifespan Cognition

Author : Ellen Bialystok
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195169530
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Lifespan Cognition by : Ellen Bialystok

Download or read book Lifespan Cognition written by Ellen Bialystok and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aims to create a bridge across cognitive development and cognitive aging. This volume studies the rise and fall of specific cognitive functions, such as attention, executive functioning, memory, working memory, representations, and individual differences to find ways in which the study of development and decline converge on common mechanisms.

Vascular Dementia

Author : Robert H. Paul
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592598242
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Vascular Dementia by : Robert H. Paul

Download or read book Vascular Dementia written by Robert H. Paul and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-17 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary survey of our current understanding of the biological and clinical aspects of vascular disease. The authors describe its basic mechanisms, its clinical characteristics, its pharmacological management, and the use of neuroimaging methods to investigate it. The complex relationship between VaD and AD is also fully explored with chapters on how these processes interact and how one disease may lower the threshold for clinical expression of the other.

Hypertension and Cognitive Processes

Author : Merrill F. Elias
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Hypertension and Cognitive Processes by : Merrill F. Elias

Download or read book Hypertension and Cognitive Processes written by Merrill F. Elias and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Excerpta Medica

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

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Download or read book Excerpta Medica written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice

Author : Lars-Olof Wahlund
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521875374
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice by : Lars-Olof Wahlund

Download or read book Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice written by Lars-Olof Wahlund and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-12 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular cognitive impairment is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease and is expected to grow in prevalence with the aging global population. The purpose of this authoritative book is to give a broad clinical perspective on vascular cognitive impairment and thus create a foundation for the implementation of good dementia care. The book focuses on pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It demonstrates the underlying causes of the disorder, such as the manner in which vascular risk-factors influence the onset of vascular cognitive impairment. The concept of mixed forms of vascular dementia, Alzheimer's dementia and other vascular diseases is discussed as well as the influence of vascular changes with regard to the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The detailed section on pathophysiology will enhance clinicians' understanding of this complex disorder. Finally there is a section on pharmacological and neuropsychological treatment of cognitive and psychiatric symptoms.

Society for Neuroscience Abstracts

Author : Society for Neuroscience. Meeting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1446 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Society for Neuroscience Abstracts by : Society for Neuroscience. Meeting

Download or read book Society for Neuroscience Abstracts written by Society for Neuroscience. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry

Author : C. Edward Coffey
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1585623717
Total Pages : 802 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry by : C. Edward Coffey

Download or read book The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry written by C. Edward Coffey and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2011 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rev. ed. of: The American Psychiatric Press textbook of geriatric neuropsychiatry. 2nd ed. 2000.

Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging

Author : Roberto Cabeza
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190660236
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging by : Roberto Cabeza

Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging written by Roberto Cabeza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the popular Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging provides up-to-date coverage of the most fundamental topics in this discipline. Like the first edition, this volume accessibly and comprehensively reviews the neural mechanisms of cognitive aging appropriate to both professionals and students in a variety of domains, including psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurology, and psychiatry. The chapters are organized into three sections. The first section focuses on major questions regarding methodological approaches and experimental design. It includes chapters on structural imaging (MRI, DTI), functional imaging (fMRI), and molecular imaging (dopamine PET, etc), and covers multimodal imaging, longitudinal studies, and the interpretation of imaging findings. The second section concentrates on specific cognitive abilities, including attention and inhibitory control, executive functions, memory, and emotion. The third section turns to domains with health and clinical implications, such as the emergence of cognitive deficits in middle age, the role of genetics, the effects of modulatory variables (hypertension, exercise, cognitive engagement), and the distinction between healthy aging and the effects of dementia and depression. Taken together, the chapters in this volume, written by many of the most eminent scientists as well as young stars in this discipline, provide a unified and comprehensive overview of cognitive neuroscience of aging.