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Effects Of Different Training Intensities In High Intensity Interval Training Hiit On Maximal Aerobic Velocity Hematological And Muscle Damage Markers In Healthy Young Adults
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Book Synopsis Effects of Different Training Intensities in High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Maximal Aerobic Velocity, Hematological and Muscle-damage Markers in Healthy Young Adults by : Fatma Rhibi
Download or read book Effects of Different Training Intensities in High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Maximal Aerobic Velocity, Hematological and Muscle-damage Markers in Healthy Young Adults written by Fatma Rhibi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training by : Laursen, Paul
Download or read book Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training written by Laursen, Paul and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2019 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which consists primarily of repeated bursts of high-intensity exercise, continues to soar because its effectiveness and efficiency have been proven in use by both elite athletes and general fitness enthusiasts. Surprisingly, few resources have attempted to explain both the science behind the HIIT movement and its sport-specific application to athlete training. That’s why Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training is a must-have resource for sport coaches, strength and conditioning professionals, personal trainers, and exercise physiologists, as well as for researchers and sport scientists who study high-intensity interval training.
Book Synopsis High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks by : Olivier Girard
Download or read book High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks written by Olivier Girard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.
Book Synopsis The Acute Effects of Various High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Protocols on Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic Function by : James Warren Salassi (III.)
Download or read book The Acute Effects of Various High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Protocols on Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic Function written by James Warren Salassi (III.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This study compared the acute cardiopulmonary and metabolic effects of four high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols using varying intensities during the work and recovery periods. Eleven participants (5 males, 6 females) performed four, 20-minute HIIT protocols at a 1:1 "work:recovery" ratio on a cycle ergometer in random order. The work:recovery relative intensities, based upon previously determined maximum work rates, were: 80%:0%, 80%:50%, 100%:0%, and 100%:50%. Oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were measured. Data were analyzed using a two-way, repeated measures ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). Oxygen uptake and heart rate were expressed as a percentage of the peak values established during a prior graded exercise test. There were clear differences in physiological response between protocols. The 80:50 and 100:0 may produce the best combination of effects. The 100:50 produced the greatest physiological response, however, it may not be practical for the general population.
Book Synopsis Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training by : Paul Laursen
Download or read book Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training written by Paul Laursen and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which consists primarily of repeated bursts of high-intensity exercise, continues to soar because its effectiveness and efficiency have been proven in use by both elite athletes and general fitness enthusiasts. Surprisingly, few resources have attempted to explain both the science behind the HIIT movement and its sport-specific application to athlete training. That’s why Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training is a must-have resource for sport coaches, strength and conditioning professionals, personal trainers, and exercise physiologists, as well as for researchers and sport scientists who study high-intensity interval training. Authors Paul Laursen and Martin Buchheit—both well-known, expert-level HIIT researchers as well as practitioners and endurance athletes—do a masterful job of blending science-based concepts of HIIT with practical application strategies. Laursen, Buchheit, and a team of highly qualified contributors—who bring hundreds of years of combined HIIT science and application experience from across all sports—have written Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training to provide practitioners and athletes an understanding of the foundational principles of HIIT programming. Chapters in the first section describe five types of training, how to manipulate HIIT variables to maximize improvements in physical performance, and how to incorporate HIIT into a general training program. Readers will also learn the influence HIIT can have on fatigue, stress, and an athlete’s overall health. The final 20 chapters each focus on a different sport and are written by leading coaches or practitioners who have successfully applied HIIT principles at an elite level in their respective sport. These chapters describe specific ways to incorporate HIIT into a training regimen for everything from combat sports to endurance events to the most popular U.S. and international individual and team sports. Each chapter also contains sport-specific preparation and competition phases, an overall one-year training program, and a brief story of how the coach or practitioner who authored the chapter used HIIT to successfully prepare an athlete for a competition. Knowing the proper ways to incorporate high-intensity interval training into a fitness or conditioning program is of vital importance: Not following proper protocols can lead to excessive and prolonged fatigue, illness, or injury. Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training is an essential guide for those who want to incorporate HIIT into their own training or their athletes’ programming. Earn continuing education credits/units! A continuing education course and exam that uses this book is also available. It may be purchased separately or as part of a package that includes all the course materials and exam.
Book Synopsis Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity by : Shinichiro Sugiura
Download or read book Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity written by Shinichiro Sugiura and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterized by short bursts of vigorous physical activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensity exercise of varying durations. HIIT may be used as an effective alternative to traditional endurance training, resulting in similar or greater improvements in a number of physiological, performance, and health-related indices in both healthy and in individuals with chronic diseases. The present thesis examined the effects of a two-week HIIT program on measures of aerobic fitness, vascular function (Chapter 3) and insulin sensitivity (Chapter 4). The first study demonstrated no effect on flow-mediated dilation or peak oxygen uptake following two weeks of HIIT with L-arginine supplement compared to HIIT alone, although both groups improved time to exhaustion and the peak work rate during progressive ramp exercise to fatigue. The results of the second study demonstrated six session of HIIT had no effect on glucose appearance and removal (i.e. oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) or insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or in healthy individuals without a family history of T2DM. However, results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly predicted insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals with a family history of T2DM. In order to prevent chronic diseases, such as T2DM, as well as other diseases that have a sedentary lifestyle as a primary risk factor, it is critical that individuals engage in regular physical activity in an effort to curb the rising trends in the prevalence of hypokinetic diseases. Although the results of the present investigation did not provide significant findings in this group of young, healthy adults, further investigations are necessary, including an examination of the physiological adaptations and compliance associated with longer term HIIT exercise programs, the inclusion of additional patient populations, and the optimal combination of exercise intensity, duration and recovery intervals in order to promote HIIT as an effective, efficient alternative training method.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Techniques During Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Adults by : Trent E. Cayot
Download or read book The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Techniques During Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Adults written by Trent E. Cayot and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the importance of aerobic exercise in disease prevention and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle has been extensively demonstrated [1-4], it was recently reported by the American Heart Association (AHA) that approximately 30% of the adult population within the United States does not engage in regular aerobic exercise [2]. The most commonly reported reason why adults did not engage in regular exercise was due to a "lack of time" within their daily routine [5, 6]. In order to best integrate exercise into a time constrained schedule many have turned to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) due to the advantageous training outcomes reported in a relatively short duration (2-4 week) [7, 8]. In addition, the exercise volume is significantly reduced (~80-90%) during HIIT sessions compared to traditional "continuous" cardiovascular exercise sessions [8, 9] thus decreasing the time spent exercising [8]. However, the exercise intensities used during HIIT sessions ("all-out effort" [9, 10] or near maximal intensities [11, 12]) may become a deterrent or may not be appropriate for certain populations. An exercise technique known as blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise may be an acceptable alternative approach for these populations as it utilizes low exercise intensities. BFR exercise has been shown to concurrently increase muscle hypertrophy [13, 14], muscle strength [13] and peak oxygen uptake (VO2pk) [14, 15] subsequent to low-intensity (i.e., walking, cycling) cardiovascular training programs. The combination of BFR (i.e., decreased exercise intensity) and interval training (i.e., decreased exercise volume) is both intriguing and a unique alternative solution that could potentially be applicable to a variety of populations. This alternative exercise approach (i.e., BFR interval training) addresses many commonly cited barriers for exercise retention (i.e., time constrained schedules, high exercise intensities). Therefore, the primary purpose of this dissertation was to determine the results of a short duration (2 weeks) BFR low-intensity interval training (BFR-LIIT) program on aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle strength (chapter 5). However, before the primary purpose could be investigated many secondary aims needed to be examined, including i) determining the effect of occlusion duration on the microvascular oxygenation and neuromuscular activation during exercise (chapter 3) and ii) determining the acute physiological responses (oxygen uptake, microvascular oxygenation, neuromuscular activation) to BFR used in cardiovascular exercise models (constant load, chapter 4; interval, chapter 5). The effects of occlusion duration were examined as healthy subjects performed isometric knee extension contractions at different sub-maximal intensities under control (CON, no occlusion), immediate occlusion (IO) and pre occlusion (PO) conditions. During the IO condition the occlusion pressure (130% of the resting systolic blood pressure, 130% SBP) was applied immediately prior to exercise while the occlusion pressure (130% SBP) was applied five minutes prior to exercise in the PO condition. Varying the occlusion duration did not affect the neuromuscular activation of the exercising musculature (p > 0.05), although activation did significantly increase with increasing sub-maximal exercise intensities. However, PO elicited greater microvascular deoxygenation (deoxy-[Hb+Mb]), as assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy) compared to CON at all exercise intensities (p 0.05), whereas the deoxy-[Hb+Mb] was only greater during PO compared to IO at the lowest exercise intensity tested (20% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC). Furthermore, IO resulted in greater deoxy-[Hb+Mb] compared to CON only at low exercise intensities (20% MVC, 40% MVC). In conclusion, although occlusion duration did significantly affect neuromuscular activation, BFR techniques influenced microvascular oxygenation the most during low-intensity exercise. Many investigations have observed an increased neuromuscular activation with BFR resistance exercise [16-19], however, the peripheral responses (i.e., neuromuscular activation, microvascular oxygenation) to BFR cardiovascular exercise (i.e., cycling) has yet to be determined. Therefore, healthy subjects performed bouts of heavy (above estimated lactate threshold, LT) constant cycling exercise with and without BFR. No difference in oxygen uptake (VO2) was observed (p > 0.05) despite a greater deoxy-[Hb+Mb] response during the beginning and end of BFR exercise compared to control (CON) exercise (p
Download or read book HIIT written by Barrett Williams and published by Barrett Williams. This book was released on 2024-08-26 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ### HIIT Transform Your Body, Mind, and Life with High-Intensity Interval Training Unlock the ultimate fitness revolution with "HIIT," the essential guide to mastering High-Intensity Interval Training! Whether you're a fitness newbie or an experienced athlete, this comprehensive eBook is your go-to resource for transforming your body, boosting your health, and invigorating your life. **Discover the Power of HIIT** In "HIIT," you'll dive deep into the world of High-Intensity Interval Training, starting with an engaging introduction that covers what HIIT is, its rich history, and the scientific principles that make it so effective. Learn how this dynamic workout method has revolutionized fitness regimens globally and continues to evolve. **Uncover Life-Changing Benefits** Explore the multitude of benefits HIIT offers, from cardiovascular improvements and metabolic boosts to enhanced fat loss and time-efficient workouts. This book breaks down the science behind these benefits, providing you with the knowledge to maximize your workout efficiency. **Beginner to Advanced â There's Something for Everyone** Embark on your HIIT journey with sections tailored for beginners, including easy-to-follow exercises, safety tips, and mindset preparation. As you progress, advanced strategies incorporating equipment, high-intensity techniques, and progressive overload will keep your workouts challenging and effective. **Personalized Workouts and Nutrition** Learn to design custom HIIT workouts that align with your fitness goals. Dive into specialized chapters on weight loss, muscle building, and cardiovascular health, and discover how proper nutrition and hydration can amplify your results. **HIIT for Every Lifestyle** "HIIT" offers practical advice on integrating this powerful workout into any lifestyle. Whether you have a busy schedule, travel frequently, or want to incorporate HIIT into family life, you'll find actionable tips to keep you on track. **Mental Health and HIIT** Unlock the mental rewards of HIIT with sections dedicated to stress reduction, mental resilience, and the positive impact on overall mental well-being. Real-life success stories and testimonials will inspire and motivate you on your fitness journey. **Embrace the Future of Fitness** Stay ahead of the curve with insights into the future of HIIT, innovations in the field, and the role of technology. Learn about global trends and research that are shaping the next generation of fitness. "HIIT" is more than just a workout guideâit's your comprehensive blueprint for a healthier, happier, and more energetic life. Embrace the HIIT lifestyle and start transforming your body and mind today!
Download or read book Science of HIIT written by Ingrid S. Clay and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Train your way to a leaner, stronger body in half the time or less! Get ready to break a serious sweat with this scientific guide to HIIT training! Discover everything you need to know to achieve the best results from your HIIT workouts by understanding the muscle action needed to perfect each exercise. Inside the pages of this fitness book, you’ll explore the physiology of more than 90 essential HIIT exercises! It is packed with: • Specially commissioned CGI artworks depicting all the main HIIT resistance exercises — from burpees to plank jacks — and variations that add or reduce the challenge. • CGI artwork features color-coding to highlight how the muscles, ligaments and joints engage, stretch and relax to perform each exercise. • Training programs, tailored to different abilities and goals, provide suggested workouts with a progressive increase in challenges over weeks and months. • Easy-to-follow infographics help explain the hard science behind why HIIT training is so efficient, and what beneficial physical adaptations it can bring. High-intensity interval training is a fantastic way to lose weight and get strong by performing very short bursts of targeted exercise. Recent scientific research shows that HIIT is the most efficient form of exercise for raising fitness levels and increasing cardio-respiratory health. Science of HIIT reveals the facts to help you optimize the benefits of HITT to your body and mind. The clear CGI artwork details the mechanics of each exercise, correct body posture, the muscles involved and how they engage to perform movements. You’ll also learn the knowledge and tools needed to be able to create your own bespoke workouts. This HIIT guide will completely transform your performance and help you smash your goals! DK Publishing’s Science of series helps readers discover the research and scientific theories behind exercise and sport. It’s perfect for training at home or the gym. Other sport science books in this series include Science of Yoga and Science of Strength Training.
Book Synopsis Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Women by : Rachel Marie Dykstra
Download or read book Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Women written by Rachel Marie Dykstra and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: A growing body of literature indicates that women, in comparison to men, report significantly more barriers to exercise, often times related to perceived lack of time due to their social roles (e.g. family responsibility, childcare). Therefore, it has been considered that exercise programs that require less time commitments would be more attractive for women to alleviate this concern. Objective: This review was conducted to comprehensively understand the present literature surrounding women and such a time-efficient protocol: high intensity interval training (HIIT). The primary aim was to determine the impact of HIIT on both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition. The secondary aim was to identify what variables, if any, influence the effect of HIIT on changes in CRF and body composition. Methods: A database search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL (Cochrane), and ESCO (SPORTdiscus) to obtain all peer-reviewed publications up until November 2020. Studies were included if HIIT protocols were aerobic-based, a minimum of two weeks in duration, participants were between the ages of 18-65 years and free from cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease and cancers. Comparisons were made for changes in maximal or peak oxygen consumption (VO2max or VO2peak), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (BF%). Results: 41 studies were included in this review, involving a total of 628 female subjects who were predominantly younger (582 subjects between ages 18-35 years) and overweight (body mass index ranging from 20.3-35.7 kg-m-2). Exercise intervention duration ranged from 2-15 weeks (7.8±3.7 weeks), utilizing between 2-5 sessions (3.1±0.4 visits) per week. Of the 37 studies with CRF as an outcome measures, 34 reported improvements. 35 studies reported pre- and post-intervention assessments surrounding body composition. 14 determined significant improvements in BF% and 12 studies reported a significant decrease in FM, six showed significant increases in FFM. Conclusion: It is suggested that HIIT can significantly improve CRF in women, irrespective of age, training status, BMI, and training frequency. However, exercise intervention duration, in conjunction with the appropriate intensity of exercise may influence the improvements. HIIT interventions that are shorter in duration (≤7 week) should consider utilizing intensities >100% VO2max (supramaximal) to elicit improvements in CRF. Intensities ranging from 85-95% VO2max are sufficient to augment CRF in interventions exceeding 7 weeks. The effect of HIIT on body composition is less clear. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and energy expenditure greatly exceeding 1000 MET-minutes per week may account for reductions in FM. However, there is no guarantee that these reasons alone account for all reductions in FM. There were improvements in FFM across very few studies (n = 6). It is suggested that aerobic-based HIIT be supplemented with resistance training to generate superior improvements in FFM. Furthermore, lack of controlled diet across all studies makes it difficult to determine if caloric intake could account for any changes in body composition. While HIIT may be an effective and time-efficient protocol for women, future research should focus on ecological validity and women’s adherence to such vigorous training, specifically within non-athletic and sedentary subgroups.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Interval Intensity on Time to Exhaustion During High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Running in Recreational Male Runners by : Andrew M. Hahn
Download or read book The Effect of Interval Intensity on Time to Exhaustion During High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Running in Recreational Male Runners written by Andrew M. Hahn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has become extremely popular in recent years, however, current HIIT prescriptions lack guidelines regarding interval intensities and associated margins. The purpose of this study is to investigate Run Time to Exhaustion (Te) and provide insight regarding HIIT intensities for future aerobic exercise programming. Ten healthy adult male recreational runners (Age=22.9 ± 2.5 yr., Ht=1.72 ± 0.1m, BM=74.1 ± 7.4 kg) measured maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (52.4 ± 6.1ml/kg/min) with a graded exercise test (GXT). Running speed was determined using ACSM running equation for exercise metabolism. Protocols 1-3 were HIIT running sessions, and Protocol 4 was a continuous running trial, all of the same average intensity (80% VO2max). All HIIT trials implemented aerobic style bout durations of 2 minutes each, with a 1:1 work to active rest/recovery ratio. A repeated measures ANOVA determined that mean Te differed statistically between the 4 protocols. Protocol 1 elicited a significant reduction in mean Te when compared to all other conditions. Based on the findings of this study, recreational runners can monitor variables and/or prescribe intensities to maximize economy and efficacy of aerobic HIIT program implementation.
Book Synopsis THE EFFECTS OF AGE ON ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING by : Gabe Gonzalez- Contreras
Download or read book THE EFFECTS OF AGE ON ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING written by Gabe Gonzalez- Contreras and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: The world population is growing exponentially older. The age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, leads to loss of function and independence, disability, and increased mortality. Declining endothelial function during aging may increase dysfunction in muscle. Exercise may partly rescue muscle vascular function. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a form of exercise that involves short bursts of intense exercise alternated with low intensity recovery periods. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of age on endothelial response to HIIT. We also sought to determine the impact of HIIT on capillarization in both adult and older adult mice. Homogenized gastrocnemius C57BL/6 mice samples were used. The study randomly assigned C57BL/6 mice to a 13-week program of HIIT, with an additional sedentary control group. Randomized mice were adult ages (aged 6 months to 10 months) or older adult ages (aged 22 months to 26 months). Due to complications incurred during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, 28-months old mice served as the sedentary control group (28m). The functional ability of each mouse was measured pre- and post-training using our comprehensive functional assessment battery (CFAB) composite scoring system, consisting of five validated tests. Sarcopenia was measured through analyses of body composition (EchoMRI) and post-training muscle wet mass. Western immunoblots were performed using gastrocnemius homogenates to determine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic promoter, and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the capillary to fiber ratio. We observed no statistically significant differences in VEGF expression with either age or exercise status compared to controls two days after the final training session, comparing means with a 1-Way ANOVA. However, due to large individual sample variation limiting power in the ANOVA, we used independent samples t-test, finding older mice had significantly less baseline VEGF expression, VEGF in older mice HIIT group tended to be elevated compared to controls, and HIIT restored VEGF levels to baseline levels of young adult mice. Immunohistochemistry results showed no statistical difference in capillarization between groups (HIIT, CON) in the older adult mice, albeit with a low n=3 per group. Results from the present study suggest that a HIIT training mode may not lead to chronically elevated VEGF levels within muscle in adults but may do so in older adults. This suggests that incorporating HIIT may enhance endothelial health in older adults. Future work is needed to determine if VEGF increased transiently after acute exercise bouts, and whether age plays a role in this response.
Download or read book HIIT Your Limit written by Len Kravitz and published by Apollo Publishers. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get lean, build muscle, and stay healthy! A Fitness Hall of Fame inductee and world-famous exercise scientist explains high-intensity interval training and the nutrition that complements it, and provides a wealth of workouts, including workouts you can do at home, so you can get and keep the body you've always wanted. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an extraordinarily effective form of training that mixes high- and low-impact activities during periods ranging from seconds to eight minutes. In HIIT Your Limit, Dr. Len Kravitz, a National Fitness Hall of Fame inductee and internationally-renowned exercise scientist for the past thirty-six years, explains what HIIT is and how it effects your entire body (externally and internally), gives 50 workouts and a plan to whip you into shape fast, and presents a wealth of nutritional and other advice to further its impact. HIIT was recently rated the #1 new fitness trend by the American College of Sports Medicine and is the key to staying fit for celebrities like David Beckham, Britney Spears, Hugh Jackman, and Scarlett Johansson. In addition to fat loss, it’s been proven to have major health benefits on blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol. Through this groundbreaking volume you'll learn why, and see how to get fit quick and have a fun and truly sustainable exercise program, no expensive personal trainer required.
Book Synopsis High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks by :
Download or read book High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, 'traditional' moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms - further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness - might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from 'traditional' prolonged altitude sojourns ('Live High Train High' or 'Live High Train Low'), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative 'Live Low Train High' methods ('Resistance Training in Hypoxia' or 'Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia') have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.
Book Synopsis The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Steady State Training on Aerobic Capacity by : Courtney Verona Farland
Download or read book The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Steady State Training on Aerobic Capacity written by Courtney Verona Farland and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: High intensity interval training (HIIT) has become an increasingly popular exercise phenomenon due to its cardiovascular effect and short duration. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two HIIT protocols and a steady-state protocol on aerobic capacity following an 8-week training period. Methods: Fifty-five untrained college-aged subjects (17 male, 38 female) were randomly assigned to one of the three training groups (steady-state, Tabata, or Meyer). The steady-state group (n=19) completed 20 minutes of exercise at 90% of ventilatory threshold. The Tabata group (n=21) completed eight intervals of 20 seconds at 170% VO2max, with 10 seconds rest in between each bout. The Meyer group (n=15) completed 13 sets of 30 seconds at 100% of the PPO at VO2max, with 60 seconds of active rest, yielding an output average of 90% of ventilatory threshold. Each subject completed 24 training sessions. Results: Significant increases in VO2max and Peak Power Output for each training group, with no significant differences between groups. There were no significant changes in maximal HR for any training group over the course of the study. The results of this study suggest that steadystate, Tabata, and Meyer protocols elicit similar increases in aerobic capacity.
Book Synopsis The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Autonomic Regulation by : John E. Bickers (Jr.)
Download or read book The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Autonomic Regulation written by John E. Bickers (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: High intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) are two exercise protocols that received a great deal of attention in the field of exercise science due to their health and performance enhancing capabilities. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and heart rate variability (HRV) have also gained traction as important indictors of health and fitness. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects that HIIT and MICT have on PWV and HRV. This was a repeated measures experimental design. Participants (N = 24) were aged 18 to 35, who self-reported that they complete 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity exercise per week. All participants completed a familiarization session which included a graded exercise test to determine their heart rate peak (HRpeak). The HIIT protocol consisted of 40 total minutes, including: 4x4 minutes at 90% or greater of HRpeak, alternated by 3x3 minutes of active recovery at 65%-75% of HRpeak, and a 10-minute warm-up and 5-minute cool-down at 65%-75% of HRpeak. The MICT protocol consisted of 47 total minutes at 65%-75% of HRpeak, including a 10-minute warm-up and 5-minute cool-down at the same intensity (Tjønna et al., 2008). Five separate 2x3 repeated measure ANOVAs were used for PWV, low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) ratio, standard deviations of NN intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), and HRV score. There was a significant interaction effect of protocol and time on PWV (p = .037); however each protocol elicited differing directional changes that were non-significant. The frequency domain measure of HRV, the LF/HF ratio, decreased significantly during the HIIT protocol from 5 minutes post to 30 minutes post (p = .033). All time domains (SDNN, rMSSD, HRV score) of HRV experienced significant decreases from pre-exercise to 5 minutes post and significant increases from 5 minutes post to 30 minutes post during each protocol (p
Book Synopsis The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Maximal Aerobic Power and Muscular Injury After High Intensity Interval Training by : Michael Glenn Collins
Download or read book The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Maximal Aerobic Power and Muscular Injury After High Intensity Interval Training written by Michael Glenn Collins and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
