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Effects Of Defects Made By Automated Fibre Placement Process On Carbon Epoxy Composite Structures
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Book Synopsis Effects of Defects Made by Automated Fibre Placement Process on Carbon/epoxy Composite Structures by : Vincent Cadran
Download or read book Effects of Defects Made by Automated Fibre Placement Process on Carbon/epoxy Composite Structures written by Vincent Cadran and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Manufacturers use Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) as a fabrication process for large and complex composite parts. An AFP machine consists of a computer-controlled robotic arm with a head at the end capable of constant placement of uncured pre-impregnated carbon fibres grouped together to form bands called tows. AFP shows great potential to transition from hand layup to an automated technique with a lot of flexibility in terms of fibres orientation, stacking sequence, thickness and allows fibres to be used in double curvature regions. Fibre path scheme is dictated by both part geometry and steering capability to ensure good quality parts. There is a joint effort from engineers of different fields – design, manufacturing, stress – to govern the AFP process, but this method also creates defects which undermine the structural performance of the part. Primary defects observed by the aerospace industry are mis- aligned tows also referred as steered tows: combinations of both side-to-side gaps and overlaps.Corresponding detection methods are labor intensive and time consuming. Proposed in this Thesis is an investigation on the effects of steered tows defects on the mechanical performance of composite structures made with AFP techniques. By varying the orientation, size and number of steered tows defects embedded in carbon-epoxy laminates, their mechanical effects have been examined experimentally in static tension, static compression and cyclic fatigue, and also numerically via Finite-Element Model (FEM) for both static tension and compression. Certification of composite structures remains a challenge because this material is difficult to repair and its performance is difficult to predict.Locally, gaps reduce axial stiffness of laminates without much effect on the global stiffness. Gap density has a linear effect on laminate stiffness while orientation and location have a non-linear effect on laminate stiffness. Overlaps induce waviness on adjacent plies – extra material due to shifted tows – which does not have significant changes on stiffness. Overlaps can locally improve strength of laminates. Combinations of both side-to-side gaps and overlaps show strong out-of-plane waviness influence, making laminate strength prediction much more difficult to assess. In this thesis is used microscopic observations of cured specimens to study the post-cure, post-compaction real geometry of embedded defects and to qualitatively assess the effects of through-the-thickness waviness on the mechanical performance of defects.Side-to-side half gap / half overlap defects are embedded in laminate structures and tested. Compression is found to be much more critical than tension. Defects embedded at 45° and 90° behave similarly, they have the largest knockdown factors. From a microscopic analysis, the real post-cure defect geometry is used in a Finite-Element (FE) model on Abaqus Software to predict the performance of specimens with defects in both static tension and compression. This ply-by-ply FE model assumes that the defects have only an effect on the plies in which they are embedded in the first place while the other plies stay intact. The comparison between experimental results and simulations shows that the FE Model is too conservative when defects are oriented in 0° along the length of the specimens and not conservative when defects are oriented in 45° and 90°. This suggests the assumption was wrong and that the plies without embedded defects also suffer damage from out-of-plane waviness"--
Book Synopsis Residual Stresses in Composite Materials by : Mahmood M. Shokrieh
Download or read book Residual Stresses in Composite Materials written by Mahmood M. Shokrieh and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residual stresses are a common phenomenon in composite materials. They can either add to or significantly reduce material strength. Because of the increasing demand for high-strength, light-weight materials such as composites and their wide range of applications in the aerospace and automotive industries, in civil infrastructure and in sporting applications, it is critical that the residual stresses of composite materials are understood and measured correctly.The first part of this important book reviews destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring residual stresses. Various mathematical (analytical and numerical) methods for calculation of residual stresses in composite materials are also presented. Chapters in the first section of the book discuss the simulated hole drilling method, the slitting/crack compliance method, measuring residual stresses in homogeneous and composite glass materials using photoelastic techniques, and modeling residual stresses in composite materials. The second part of the book discusses residual stresses in polymer matrix, metal-matrix and a range of other types of composites. Moreover, the addition of nanoparticles to the matrix of polymeric composites as a new technique for reduction of residual stresses is discussed.Residual stresses in composite materials provides a comprehensive overview of this important topic, and is an invaluable reference text for both academics and professionals working in the mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace, automotive, marine and sporting industries. - Reviews destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring residual stresses - Discusses residual stresses in polymer matrix, metal-matrix and other types of composite - Considers the addition of nanoparticles to the matrix of polymeric composites as a new technique for reduction of residual stresses
Book Synopsis Defects and Damage in Composite Materials and Structures by : Rikard Benton Heslehurst
Download or read book Defects and Damage in Composite Materials and Structures written by Rikard Benton Heslehurst and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advantages of composite materials include a high specific strength and stiffness, formability, and a comparative resistance to fatigue cracking and corrosion. However, not forsaking these advantages, composite materials are prone to a wide range of defects and damage that can significantly reduce the residual strength and stiffness of a structure or result in unfavorable load paths. Emphasizing defect identification and restitution, Defects and Damage in Composite Materials and Structures explains how defects and damage in composite materials and structures impact composite component performance. Providing ready access to an extensive, descriptive list of defects and damage types, this must-have reference: Examines defect criticality in composite structures Recommends repair actions to restore structural integrity Discusses failure modes and mechanisms of composites due to defects Reviews NDI processes for finding and identifying defects in composite materials Relating defect detection methods to defect type, the author merges his experience in the field of in-service activities for composite airframe maintenance and repair with indispensable reports and articles on defects and damage in advanced composite materials from the last 50 years.
Book Synopsis The Virtual Crack Closure Technique: History, Approach and Applications by : Ronald Krueger
Download or read book The Virtual Crack Closure Technique: History, Approach and Applications written by Ronald Krueger and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the virtual crack closure technique is presented. The approach used is discussed, the history summarized, and insight into its applications provided. Equations for two-dimensional quadrilateral elements with linear and quadratic shape functions are given. Formula for applying the technique in conjuction with three-dimensional solid elements as well as plate/shell elements are also provided. Necessary modifications for the use of the method with geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis and corrections required for elements at the crack tip with different lengths and widths are discussed. The problems associated with cracks or delaminations propagating between different materials are mentioned briefly, as well as a strategy to minimize these problems. Due to an increased interest in using a fracture mechanics based approach to assess the damage tolerance of composite structures in the design phase and during certification, the engineering problems selected as examples and given as references focus on the application of the technique to components made of composite materials.
Book Synopsis Experimental Characterization of Automated Fiber Placement Process Defects in Composite Structures by : Kaven Croft
Download or read book Experimental Characterization of Automated Fiber Placement Process Defects in Composite Structures written by Kaven Croft and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Composites Manufacturing by : Sanjay Mazumdar
Download or read book Composites Manufacturing written by Sanjay Mazumdar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-12-27 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More and more companies manufacture reinforced composite products. To meet the market need, researchers and industries are developing manufacturing methods without a reference that thoroughly covers the manufacturing guidelines. Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Product, and Process Engineering fills this void. The author presents a fundamental
Book Synopsis Effect of Half Gap/overlap Defects on the Strength of Composite Structures Fabricated with Automated Fiber Placement Methods by : Daniel Del Rossi
Download or read book Effect of Half Gap/overlap Defects on the Strength of Composite Structures Fabricated with Automated Fiber Placement Methods written by Daniel Del Rossi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) process has gained traction as an efficient manufacturing method for advanced composite materials. While AFP methods offer benefits through automation, certain defects inherent to the manufacturing method are induced such as gaps and overlaps. Thus, accurate characterization of defects and an understanding of their effects on the failure mechanisms are crucial in determining design allowables. This work encompasses finite element simulations and experimental work aimed at assessing the effect of side-to-side gaps and overlaps due to misalignment of fiber tows on the tensile performance. Different configurations of gaps/overlaps were examined and compared to pristine composite equivalents in order to determine strength knockdown factors. It was found that the effects of these defects depend on their angles, and their configurations. While some cases have minimal and possibly negligible effects, others need to be considered. Most configurations stay below 5% reduction in strength. However, two extreme configurations reached around 10% reduction. This paper gives a good general idea of the behaviour of laminates with half gap/overlap defects, but it is not conclusive and further work needs to be done to gather more data and improve the finite element model." --
Book Synopsis Commercial Aircraft Composite Technology by : Ulf Paul Breuer
Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Composite Technology written by Ulf Paul Breuer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on lectures held at the faculty of mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. The focus is on the central theme of societies overall aircraft requirements to specific material requirements and highlights the most important advantages and challenges of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) compared to conventional materials. As it is fundamental to decide on the right material at the right place early on the main activities and milestones of the development and certification process and the systematic of defining clear requirements are discussed. The process of material qualification - verifying material requirements is explained in detail. All state-of-the-art composite manufacturing technologies are described, including changes and complemented by examples, and their improvement potential for future applications is discussed. Tangible case studies of high lift and wing structures emphasize the specific advantages and challenges of composite technology. Finally, latest R&D results are discussed, providing possible future solutions for key challenges such as low cost high performance materials, electrical function integration and morphing structures.
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : Kamal K. Kar
Download or read book Composite Materials written by Kamal K. Kar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite materials are used as substitutions of metals/traditional materials in aerospace, automotive, civil, mechanical and other industries. The present book collects the current knowledge and recent developments in the characterization and application of composite materials. To this purpose the volume describes the outstanding properties of this class of advanced material which recommend it for various industrial applications.
Download or read book Composite Materials written by Daniel Gay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-25 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to the need for a single reference source on the design and applications of composites, Composite Materials: Design and Applications, Second Edition provides an authoritative examination of the composite materials used in current industrial applications and delivers much needed practical guidance to those working in this rapidly d
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : Luigi Nicolais
Download or read book Composite Materials written by Luigi Nicolais and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-18 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite Materials presents recent developments and state-of-the-art achievements in the science and technology of composites. It identifies and discusses key and emerging issues for future progress in the multidisciplinary field of composites. By bringing together leading experts and promising innovators from research institutions and academia, Composite Materials highlights unresolved issues and identifies opportunities for long-term research needs to provide the reader with a vision for the future in various fields of application of composite materials. A few of the many future directions highlighted in the book are increasingly multifunctional properties; complex, hybrid and nanoreinforced materials; and tailoring in multiple dimensions and directions. The wider areas covered include, but are not limited to, the following: biomedical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace engineering, automotive engineering, and naval engineering. Composite Materials is designed to increase the reader’s understanding of the state of the art of composite materials in a variety of industrial sectors and to explore future needs and opportunities. It will therefore be of use to professionals working in the composites industry, research centers, and academia, who already have a graduate-level knowledge of composite materials.
Author :Committee on New Materials for Advanced Civil Aircraft Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309588782 Total Pages :99 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis New Materials for Next-Generation Commercial Transports by : Committee on New Materials for Advanced Civil Aircraft
Download or read book New Materials for Next-Generation Commercial Transports written by Committee on New Materials for Advanced Civil Aircraft and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-29 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this book was to identify issues related to the introduction of new materials and the effects that advanced materials will have on the durability and technical risk of future civil aircraft throughout their service life. The committee investigated the new materials and structural concepts that are likely to be incorporated into next generation commercial aircraft and the factors influencing application decisions. Based on these predictions, the committee attempted to identify the design, characterization, monitoring, and maintenance issues that are critical for the introduction of advanced materials and structural concepts into future aircraft.
Book Synopsis Manufacturing Processes for Advanced Composites by : Flake C Campbell Jr
Download or read book Manufacturing Processes for Advanced Composites written by Flake C Campbell Jr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • One of very few books available to cover this subject area. • A practical book with a wealth of detail.This book covers the major manufacturing processes for polymer matrix composites with an emphasis on continuous fibre-reinforced composites. It covers the major fabrication processes in detail.Very few books cover the details of fabrication and assembly processes for composites. This book is intended for the engineer who wants to learn more about composite processing: any one with some experience in composites should be able to read it. The author, who has 34 years experience in the aerospace industry, has intentionally left out mathematical models for processes so the book will be readable by the general engineer. It differs from other books on composites manufacturing in focussing almost solely on manufacturing processes, while not attempting to cover materials, test methods, mechanical properties and other areas of composites.
Book Synopsis New Composite Materials by : Domenico Brigante
Download or read book New Composite Materials written by Domenico Brigante and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume presents a range of critical topics on the use of composite materials in civil engineering; industrial, commercial, and residential structures; and historic buildings. Structural strengthening techniques based on composite materials, including, but not limited to, fiber-reinforced polymers, fiber-reinforced glasses, steel-reinforced polymers, and steel-reinforced glasses represent a practice employed internationally and have become an important component in the restoration of buildings impacted by natural hazards and other destructive forces. New Composite Materials: Selection, Design, and Application stands as a highly relevant and diverse effort, distinct from other technical publications dealing with building issues. The book focuses extensively on characterization of techniques employed for structural restoration and examines in detail an assortment of materials such as concrete, wood, masonry, and steel.
Book Synopsis Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology by : Ru-Min Wang
Download or read book Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology written by Ru-Min Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given such properties as low density and high strength, polymer matrix composites have become a widely used material in the aerospace and other industries. Polymer matrix composites and technology provides a helpful overview of these materials, their processing and performance.After an introductory chapter, part one reviews the main reinforcement and matrix materials used as well as the nature of the interface between them. Part two discusses forming and molding technologies for polymer matrix composites. The final part of the book covers key aspects of performance, including tensile, compression, shear and bending properties as well as impact, fatigue and creep behaviour.Polymer matrix composites and technology provides both students and those in industry with a valuable introduction to and overview of this important class of materials. - Provides a helpful overview of these materials, their processing and performance incorporating naming and classification of composite materials - Reviews the main reinforcement and matrix materials used as well as the nature of the interface between them including damage mechanisms - Discusses forming and molding technologies for polymer matrix composites outlining various techniques and technologies
Book Synopsis Design and manufacture of elastically tailored tow placed plates by :
Download or read book Design and manufacture of elastically tailored tow placed plates written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials by : Isaac M. Daniel
Download or read book Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials written by Isaac M. Daniel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
