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Effects Of Anionic And Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures On Bacterial Transport Through Unsaturated Porous Media
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Book Synopsis Effects of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures on Bacterial Transport Through Unsaturated Porous Media by : Shweta Tripathi
Download or read book Effects of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures on Bacterial Transport Through Unsaturated Porous Media written by Shweta Tripathi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key aspect of the contamination of groundwater by pathogenic organisms is their transport through both unsaturated and saturated soils. An important source of these pathogens is domestic wastewater, which is released to the soil environment from on-site wastewater treatment systems, such as septic tanks. Surfactants---a major component of consumer detergents---are also present in domestic wastewater and have the potential to significantly enhance the transport of microorganisms through both unsaturated and saturated soils. The goal of this study was to explore how the surfactants present in domestic wastewater effect the bacterial transport through unsaturated porous media.
Book Synopsis Effects of Nonionic Surfactants on Becterial Transport Through Porous Media by : Derick Gerdts Brown
Download or read book Effects of Nonionic Surfactants on Becterial Transport Through Porous Media written by Derick Gerdts Brown and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Concentration and Order of Addition of Nonionic Surfactant on Bacterial Adhesion by : Vamshi Gangupomu
Download or read book Effects of Concentration and Order of Addition of Nonionic Surfactant on Bacterial Adhesion written by Vamshi Gangupomu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous investigation has shown that nonionic surfactants reduce bacterial adhesion to surfaces by affecting the physicochemical interactions between the bacteria and the substrate. Nonionic surfactant molecules are known to adsorb to clean glass, quartz sand and to the surface of Sphingomonas species of bacteria. In this work, the extent of Brij-30 adsorption to E.coli and the resulting effects on the cells' adhesion to a glass surface was studied.
Book Synopsis Bio-colloidal Transfer in Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media by : Hongjuan Bai
Download or read book Bio-colloidal Transfer in Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media written by Hongjuan Bai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation of the transport and retention of bacteria in porous media has a great practical importance in environmental applications, such as protection of the surface and groundwater supplies from contamination, risk assessment from microorganisms in groundwater, and soil bioremediation. The aim of this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control bacteria transport and deposition in saturated and unsaturated porous media. Laboratory tracer and bacteria transport experiments at Darcy scale were performed in three porous media with distinct pore size distribution in order to investigate and quantify water and bacteria transport process under steady state flow conditions. A conservative solute was used as water tracer to characterize water flow pathways through porous media. A gram negative, motile Escherichia coli, a gram negative, non-motile Klebsiella sp. and a gram positive, non-motile R. rhodochrous were selected for the transport experiments. Characterization of cell properties (such as cell size and shape, zeta potential, motility and hydrophobicity) was performed for each strain. Numerical simulations with HYDRUS-1D code were performed to characterize water flow and to estimate bacteria transport and deposition parameters. The later were explored to identify bacteria flow patterns and physicochemical or physical mechanisms involved in bacteria deposition. To provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved on bacteria transport and deposition, pore scale experiments were carried out by using microfluidic devices, designed for this purpose. The information obtained from laboratory experiments and numerical modeling was improved by theoretical calculation of different interactions between bacteria and porous media at air/water/solid interfaces. DLVO and non-DLVO interactions such as hydrophobic, steric, capillary and hydrodynamic forces involved in bacteria deposition were considered to describe bacteria-interface interactions in order to identify their relative impact on physicochemical and physical deposition of bacteria. Results obtained through both laboratory experiments and numerical simulationsoutlined non-uniform flow pathways, which were dependent on both grain/pore size as well as pore size distribution of the porous media. For a given porous medium, water flow patterns became more non-uniform and dispersive with decreasing water saturation due to the presence of air phase, which lead to an increase of the tortuosity of the flow pathways under unsaturated conditions. Bacteria transport pathways were different from the tracer transport, due to size exclusion of bacteria from smaller pore spaces and bacteria motility. Bacteria deposition was greatly influenced by pore network geometry, cell properties and water saturation degree. Both physical straining and physicochemical attachment should be taken into account to well describe bacteria deposition, but their importance on bacteria deposition is closely linked to porous media and cell properties. The results obtained in this work highlighted the simultaneous role of cell properties, pore size distribution and hydrodynamics of the porous media on bacteria transport and deposition mechanisms. The calculation of DLVO and non-DLVO interactions showed that bacteria deposition in saturated and unsaturated porous media was influenced by both kinds of interactions.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Nonionic Surfactants on Unsteady Water Flow in Unsaturated Porous Media by : Mukhtar Ahmed Mustafa
Download or read book The Influence of Nonionic Surfactants on Unsteady Water Flow in Unsaturated Porous Media written by Mukhtar Ahmed Mustafa and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transport of Bacteria in Unsaturated Porous Media by :
Download or read book Transport of Bacteria in Unsaturated Porous Media written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Surfactant Concentration and Sorbent Properties on the Sorption and Transport of Ethoxylated Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures by : T. C. G. Kibbey
Download or read book Effects of Surfactant Concentration and Sorbent Properties on the Sorption and Transport of Ethoxylated Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures written by T. C. G. Kibbey and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of Transport and Dissolution of a Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in Porous Media by : Mirrya Mosier Fontenot
Download or read book Study of Transport and Dissolution of a Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in Porous Media written by Mirrya Mosier Fontenot and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transport and dissolution of residual non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLS) trapped in water saturated porous media is a problem pertinent to both environmental and petrochemical industries. In this work we have quantitatively examined the complete dissolution of residual entrapped NAPL at the pore-scale in three dimensions using refractive index matching techniques along with planar laser induced fluorescence. The results yielded pore-scale information regarding ganglia volume, surface area, and position over time at various Capillary numbers. We found that with increasing Capillary numbers, the time for total dissolution decreased. In addition, it appears that large ganglia exhibit fractal area to volume scaling. We were also able to examine the distributions of the ganglia in the direction of flow over time. The use of low-frequency flow pulsations as a removal technique was also examined. A two dimensional micro model was used for these studies. We found that for this system, lower frequencies and higher amplitudes were more effective in NAPL removal due to breakup and mobilization. We also examined the effect of increasing amplitude and continuous versus pulsed stimulation. In addition, mass transport in the presence of a surfactant was also enhanced due to flow pulsation with lower frequencies and higher amplitudes again being most effective.
Book Synopsis Multi-scale Investigations of the Impact of Surfactant Structure on Oil Recovery from Natural Porous Media by : Vahideh Mirchi
Download or read book Multi-scale Investigations of the Impact of Surfactant Structure on Oil Recovery from Natural Porous Media written by Vahideh Mirchi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study aims at establishing structure-function relationships relevant to surfactant-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) under different wettability conditions. We present the results of an extensive, multi-scale experimental study designed to probe the effects of surfactant molecular structure on oil displacement in sandstone and carbonate rock samples. Initially a new framework was developed to methodically characterize the effect of surfactants on fundamental parameters governing fluid displacement in brine/oil/tight rock systems at reservoir conditions. For that, we present a detailed methodology for measuring the interfacial properties of these systems, including rock substrate preparation, thin needle utilization, fluid pre-equilibration, in-line density measurements, all of which are critically important due to surfactant partitioning in brine and oil phases. The experimental framework was first validated with simple ultra-low IFT systems using the rising/captive bubble technique, then the effect of pressure, temperature, surfactant concentration, and brine chemistry on IFT and CA were investigated in a systematic manner. Subsequently, the framework was used to examine the effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic chain lengths of polyoxyethylenated nonionic surfactants on dynamic interfacial properties in porous media. It included comprehensive experimental examination of phase behavior, cloud point temperature, dynamic interfacial tension, dynamic contact angle, and spontaneous and forced imbibitions at ambient and reservoir conditions. This resulted in development of a new insight that relates the speed by which surfactants reduce interfacial tension to oil-brine displacement efficiency. This relationship was reconfirmed by examining pore-fluid occupancies generated through surfactant imbibition in micromodels. In order to directly study pore-level fluid distributions as a function of surfactant structure, a state-of-the-art X-ray micro-CT scanner integrated with a miniature core-flooding apparatus was deployed to generate three-dimensional pore-fluid occupancy maps at the pore scale. The core-flooding results revealed that there is an additional set of factors besides pore geometry, rock surface wettability, fluid-fluid interfacial tension, and fluids’ viscosities, densities, and flow rates that directly contributes to the distribution of fluids at the pore scale. We demonstrate that under similar rock and fluid properties, interfacial repulsive and attractive interactions, caused by the adsorption of surface-active chemicals on fluid-fluid interfaces, can significantly alter pore-scale fluid occupancies. Oil cluster analyses along with three-dimensional (3D) visualization of fluid distributions indicate that using the nonionic surfactant with large head instead of the anionic surfactant with small head results in the breaking up of the large and medium oil clusters into smaller and scattered ones. We propose a mechanism relating the stability of oil-brine interface to surfactant structure that is responsible for the break-up and/or coalescence of oil clusters inside the pore space. The suggested mechanism is confirmed by the micro-CT images and associated oil cluster analyses. This phenomenon affects the competition between the frequency of displacement mechanisms causing variations in remaining oil saturations. Using the same microtomography technique, we developed a significantly-improved understanding of pore-level displacement mechanisms during low-salinity surfactant flooding in oil-wet carbonates. In this contribution, in-situ fluid distribution maps, in-situ contact angles, and thicknesses of wetting oil layers were investigated under different brine salinities in the presence and absence of a cationic surfactant at elevated pressure and temperature conditions. The investigation revealed that enhanced oil production during low-salinity surfactant waterflooding is caused by several factors such as a rapid alteration of in-situ contact angles toward neutral-wet state, layer thinning of the oil phase, and an increase in the contribution of small-sized pores to the total oil production. The wettability reversal was more profound when the surfactant injection was succeeding a low-salinity waterflooding. The insights gained in this work using different surfactant molecular structures, rock types, brine salinities, and wettability conditions have direct implications for the design of more effective surfactant-based EOR projects.
Book Synopsis Surfactant Spreading, Water Movement and Solute Transport in Wet Unsaturated Porous Media by : Akkarat Manasilp
Download or read book Surfactant Spreading, Water Movement and Solute Transport in Wet Unsaturated Porous Media written by Akkarat Manasilp and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives by : K. L. Mittal
Download or read book Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the 13 review articles written by subject experts and published in 2014 in the Journal Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives. The rationale for publication of this book is that currently the RAA has limited circulation, so this book provides broad exposure and dissemination of the concise, critical, illuminating, and thought-provoking review articles. The subjects of the reviews fall into 4 general areas: 1. Polymer surface modification 2. Biomedical, pharmaceutical and dental fields 3. Adhesives and adhesive joints 4. General Adhesion Aspects The topics covered include: Adhesion of condensed bodies at microscale; imparting adhesion property to silicone material; functionally graded adhesively bonded joints; synthetic adhesives for wood panels; adhesion theories in wood adhesive bonding; adhesion and surface issues in biocomposites and bionanocomposites; adhesion phenomena in pharmaceutical products and applications of AFM; cyanoacrylate adhesives in surgical applications; ways to generate monosort functionalized polyolefin surfaces; nano-enhanced adhesives; bonding dissimilar materials in dentistry; flame treatment of polymeric materials—relevance to adhesion; and mucoadhesive polymers for enhancing retention of ocular drug delivery.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 2376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geologic Carbon Sequestration by : V. Vishal
Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.
Book Synopsis Biodegradability of Surfactants by : D.R. Karsa
Download or read book Biodegradability of Surfactants written by D.R. Karsa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability'.
Book Synopsis Surfactant Biodegradation by : Robert Donald Swisher
Download or read book Surfactant Biodegradation written by Robert Donald Swisher and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria by : Lorenz Adrian
Download or read book Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria written by Lorenz Adrian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning bacteria that use halogenated organic compounds as respiratory electron acceptors. The discovery of organohalide-respiring bacteria has expanded the range of electron acceptors used for energy conservation, and serves as a prime example of how scientific discoveries are enabling innovative engineering solutions that have transformed remediation practice. Individual chapters provide in-depth background information on the discovery, isolation, phylogeny, biochemistry, genomic features, and ecology of individual organohalide-respiring genera, including Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum, as well as organohalide-respiring members of the Deltaproteobacteria. The book introduces readers to the fascinating biology of organohalide-respiring bacteria, offering a valuable resource for students, engineers and practitioners alike.
