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Author : Yu Tang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (929 download)
Download or read book Effect of Viscosity on Seismic Response of Waste Storage Tanks written by Yu Tang and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Effect of Viscosity on Seismic Response of Waste Storage Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic response of liquid-storage tanks subjected to harmonic excitations and earthquake ground motions has been studied. A rigid tank of negligible mass, rigidly supported at the base having a diameter of 50 ft. and fluid height of 20.4 ft. was used in the computer analysis. The liquid is assumed to have a density of 1.5 g/ml. Viscosity values, [mu] = 60, 200, 100, and 10,000 cP, were used in the numerical analyses to study the effects of viscosity on sloshing wave height, impulsive and convective pressure on the tank wall, base shear and base moments. Harmonic excitations as well as earthquake ground motions were used as input motions. The harmonic excitations used in the analyses covers a wide range of frequencies, including both the resonant and non-resonant frequencies. Two earthquake motions were used. One matches the Newmark-Hall median response spectrum and is anchored at 0.24 g for a rock site with a damping of 2% and a time duration of 10 s. The other is the 1978 Tabas earthquake which had a peak ZPA of 0.81 g and a time duration of 29 s. A small tank, about 1/15 the size of the typical waste storage tank, was used in the harmonic excitation study to investigate the effect of viscosity on the response of liquid-storage tanks and how the viscosity effect is affected by the size of the storage tank. The results of this study show that for the typical waste storage tank subjected to earthquake motions, the effect of viscosity on sloshing wave height and impulsive and convective pressures is very small and can be neglected. For viscosity effect to become noticeable in the response of the typical waste storage tank, the waste viscosity must be greater than 10,000 cP. This value is far greater than the estimated viscosity value of the high level wastes, which may range from 60 to 200 cP for some tanks.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Embedded Waste Storage Tanks Subjected to Seismic Loading written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Savannah River Site, High Activity Wastes are stored in carbon steel tanks that are within reinforced concrete vaults. These soil-embedded tank/vault structures are approximately 80 ft. in diameter and 40 ft. deep. The tanks were studied to determine the essentials of governing variables, to reduce the problem to the least number of governing cases to optimize analysis effort without introducing excessive conservatism. The problem reduced to a limited number of cases of soil-structure interaction and fluid (tank contents) -- structure interaction problems. It was theorized that substantially reduced input would be realized from soil structure interaction (SSI) but that it was also possible that tank-to-tank proximity would result in (re)amplification of the input. To determine the governing seismic input motion, the three dimensional SSI code, SASSI, was used. Significant among the issues relative to waste tanks is to the determination of fluid response and tank behavior as a function of tank contents viscosity. Tank seismic analyses and studies have been based on low viscosity fluids (water) and the behavior is quite well understood. Typical wastes (salts, sludge), which are highly viscous, have not been the subject of studies to understand the effect of viscosity on seismic response. The computer code DYNA3D was used to study how viscosity alters tank wall pressure distribution and tank base shear and overturning moments. A parallel hand calculation was performed using standard procedures. Conclusions based on the study provide insight into the quantification of the reduction of seismic inputs for soil structure interaction for a ''soft'' soil site.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Liquid Storage Tanks Under Seismic Excitations written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety and reliable performance of nuclear power plants is of great concern to both the nuclear community and the general public. A nuclear power plant has to be designed to withstand any earthquakes that may occur at its location. Since a nuclear power plant has many liquid storage tanks, the dynamic response of these tanks under seismic excitations must properly analyzed in order to design these tanks to survive the earthquakes to which they may be subjected. The dynamic response of liquid-storage tanks subjected to ground excitations has been the subject of numerous studies in the past thirty years. However, most of the studies were focused on the responses of the tanks such that the contained liquid can be considered to be incompressible and inviscid. Thus, the effect of liquid viscosity on the dynamic response of the liquid-tank system is often ignored. This is justified for water-storage tanks because water has a very small viscosity. However, there are cases where the liquid viscosity is not small in comparison with that of water. For such cases the designs of these tanks based on the inviscid assumption become questionable, and the effect of viscosity on the dynamic response needs to be assessed. To the best of our knowledge, due to the complexity of the problem, the effect of viscosity has not been studied satisfactorily to date. Since the governing equations are very complicated if viscosity is included in the analysis, the closed form solutions in most cases are unattainable. Therefore, it is necessary to use a computer code to solve the equations-numerically. The computer code used in this study is the finite element code, FLUSTR-ANL(FLUid-STRucture interaction code developed at Argonne National Laboratory) (Chang et al. 1988). In this study, the tanks are assumed to be rigid and rigidly supported on their bases, and the responses are considered to be linear.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Spacing Effects on Seismic Responses of Underground Waste Storage Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, an investigation is performed for determination of the effects of spacing on seismic response of grouped underground tank structures. The study is carried out using a 2-D Finite Element Method, and the key mechanisms for transmitting structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) effects are identified. A parametric analysis is performed to quantify the SSSI effects. Results of the study are presented.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 726 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Philip E. Myers
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Above Ground Storage Tanks written by Philip E. Myers and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1997-04-22 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The one reference devoted exclusively to ASTs, this book assembles the most critical information on the subject in a single convenient volume. The result is an ideal tool for chemical, environmental, and civil engineers, as well as management and government personnel and others concerned with the regulatory issues governing ASTs. Section by section, this complete reference thoroughly examines and clarifies various types of storage media and their applications; fundamental environmental engineering concerns; industrial codes and standards for ASTs; AST design considerations; the proper construction, fabrication, and erection of tanks; and the often-confusing requirements designed to keep ASTs environmentally sound.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (929 download)
Download or read book Effect of Viscosity on Dynamic Response of a Liquid Storage Tank written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Hydrodynamic Response of Viscous Fluids Under Seismic Excitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrodynamic response of liquid-tank systems, such as reactor vessels, spent-fuel pools and liquid storage tanks have been studied extensively in the last decade (Chang et al. 1988; Ma et al. 1991). However, most of the studies are conducted with the assumption of an inviscid fluid. In recent years, the hydrodynamic response of viscous fluids has received increasing attention in high level waste storage tanks containing viscous waste material. This paper presents a numerical study on the hydrodynamic response of viscous fluids in a large 2-D fluid-tank system under seismic excitation. Hydrodynamic responses (i.e. sloshing wave height, fluid pressures, shear stress, etc.) are calculated for a fluid with various viscosities. Four fluid viscosities are considered. They are 1 cp, 120 cp, 1,000 cp and 12,000 cp (1 cp = 1.45 x 10−7 lb-sec/in2). Note that the liquid sodium of the Liquid-Metal Reactor (LMR) reactor has a viscosity of 1.38 x 10−5 lb-sec/in2 (about 95 cp) at an operational temperature of 900°F. Section 2 describes the pertinent features of the mathematical model. In Section 3, the fundamental sloshing phenomena of viscous fluid are examined. Sloshing wave height and shear stress for fluid with different viscosities are compared. The conclusions are given in Section 4.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 972 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gian Michele Calvi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119849810
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)
Download or read book Seismic Design and Analysis of Tanks written by Gian Michele Calvi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-04-11 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic Design and Analysis of Tanks A detailed view on the effects of seismic activity on tank structures As the use of above-ground and underground storage tanks (ASTs and USTs) continues to grow—with approximately 545,000 in the USA alone—the greatest threat to ASTs and USTs is earthquakes, causing the contamination of groundwater, a vital source of drinking water throughout the world. These tanks suffer a great deal of strain during an earthquake, as a complicated pattern of stress affects them, such that poorly designed tanks have leaked, buckled, or even collapsed during seismic events. Furthermore, in oil and gas industrial plants, the risk of damage is even more critical due to the effects of explosion, collapse, and air or soil contamination by chemical fluid spillages. Seismic Design and Analysis of Tanks provides the first in-depth discussion of the principles and applications of shell structure design and earthquake engineering analyses focused on tank structures, and it explains how these methodologies can help prevent the destruction of ASTs and USTs during earthquakes. Providing a thorough examination of the design, analysis, and performance of steel, reinforced concrete, and precast tanks, this book takes a look at tanks that are above-ground, underground, or elevated, anchored and unanchored, and rigid or flexible, and evaluates the efficacy of each method during times of seismic shaking—and it does so without getting bogged down in impenetrable mathematics and theory. Seismic Design and Analysis of Tanks readers will also find: A global approach to the best analytical and practical solutions available in each region: discussion of the latest US codes and standards from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ACSE 7), the American Concrete Institute (ACI 350,3, 371.R), the American Water Works Association (AWWA D100, D110, D115), and the American Petroleum Institute (API 650) an overview of the European codes and standards, including Eurocode 8-4 and CEN-EN 14015 Hundreds of step-by-step equations, accompanied by illustrations Photographs illustrating real-world damage to tanks caused by seismic events Perfect for practising structural engineers, geotechnical engineers, civil engineers, and engineers of all kinds who are responsible for the design, analysis, and performance of tanks and their foundations—as well as students studying engineering—Seismic Design and Analysis of Tanks is a landmark text, the first work of its kind to deal with the seismic engineering performance of all types of storage tanks.
Author : D. C. Ma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Fluid Sloshing and Fluid-structure Interaction, 1995 written by D. C. Ma and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1200 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-04 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Sloshing Analysis of Viscous Liquid Storage Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of viscosity on the sloshing response of tanks containing viscous liquids is studied using the in-house finite element computer code, FLUSTR-ANL. Two different tank sizes each filled at two levels, are modeled, and their dynamic responses under harmonic and seismic ground motions are simulated. The results are presented in terms of the wave height, and pressures at selected nodes and elements in the finite element mesh. The viscosity manifests itself as a damping effect, reducing the amplitudes. Under harmonic excitation, the dynamic response reaches the steady-state faster as the viscosity value becomes larger. The fundamental sloshing frequency for each study case stays virtually unaffected by an increase in viscosity. For the small tank case, a 5% difference is observed in the fundamental frequency of the smallest (1 cP) and the highest (1000 cP) viscosity cases considered in this study. The fundamental frequencies of the large tank are even less sensitive.
Author : Miguel Ormeño-Godoy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (948 download)
Download or read book Effects of Fixity Conditions on the Seismic Response of Liquid Storage Tanks written by Miguel Ormeño-Godoy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid storage tanks are essential structures and, for this reason, it is important that they remain in operation after a strong earthquake. However, despite the development of design specifications mainly based on numerical studies, strong earthquakes still caused severe damage to storage tanks. The parameter that affects most significantly the seismic behaviour is the fixity of storage tanks. Despite the significance the support condition has not received much attention. The main objective of this doctoral research is to investigate, through physical experiments, the effects of tank support conditions. A good understanding of this support influence will enable more efficient seismic deigns of storage tanks in the future. The first part of the study presents a comparison of two worldwide most commonly used specifications for seismic design of storage tanks. The comparison focused on how both specifications consider the influence of soil-structure interaction and uplift in the design. Values of base shear and overturning moment were compared under different fixity conditions. The comparison reveals that there is no agreement in the current practice with respect to a proper incorporation of the effects of the fixity conditions in the analysis. An aluminium scaled tank model is utilised to investigate the effect of uplift on the seismic response. A comparison of the seismic behaviour of the tank with and without anchorage is described. Recorded ground motions scaled to the New Zealand design spectrum and three tank aspect ratios (liquid-height/radius) were considered. The experiments showed that the tank shell acceleration increased when uplift was allowed. This implies that the inertial forces developed by the tank were higher when the tank was free to uplift. In the next stage a PVC model tank containing water is utilised. The same fixity conditions as the previous experiments and three tank aspect ratios (liquid-height/radius) were also considered. The study confirmed the results obtained in the previous stage regarding to the increase of tank accelerations when the tank was no provided with anchorage. As anticipated the tank displacements increased when uplift was allowed. However, axial compressive stresses, which are a control parameter in the design, decreased by between 35% and 64% with tank uplift. A numerical model confirmed these results. The experimental findings prove that uplift has a beneficial effect on the seismic behaviour of storage tanks by reducing the axial stresses developed in the tank shell. However, it was also proved that accelerations and displacements increased when the tank was allowed to uplift. Large accelerations and displacements may damage the piping connected to the tank due to large relative movement between tank and surroundings. To control excessive relative movements the utilisation of slip-friction connectors is proposed. The movable connectors represent an intermediate condition between an unanchored and a fully anchored tank. A series of shake table experiments on a scale model PVC tank containing water is investigated. A comparison of the seismic behaviour of a fully fixed system (tank with anchorage), a system free to uplift (tank without anchorage) and a partially fixed system (tank with slip-friction connectors) is described. The experiments showed the beneficial effects of slip-friction connectors on storage tanks. In comparison with those of an unanchored tank the uplift displacement reduced. Compared to a fully fixed tank the axial stresses also reduced. A numerical model is proposed which corroborates these results. Finally, the effect of soil-structure interaction is investigated. In all the previous experiments a rigid base was considered. In this stage, a physical model on sand in a box is considered. The sand simulated the soil by providing a flexible base. The experiments were performed using actual records scaled to the New Zealand spectrum for a Wellington site. The results showed that while the top displacement and the tank shell acceleration increased when the model was placed on a flexible base (sandbox), axial compressive stresses decreased in comparison with the case when the model was placed directly on the stiff shake table. The results showed that the effect of soil-structure interaction on the seismic response of storage tanks is similar to that of uplift. In general, a more flexible base, either due to uplift or supporting soil, will reduce the stresses developed in storage tanks. However, it will simultaneously increase the maximum accelerations and displacements.
