Effect Of Substrate Concentration In Producing Higher Butanol Compared To Ethanol By Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum

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Effect of Substrate Concentration in Producing Higher Butanol Compared to Ethanol by Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum

Author : Pearljeet Kaur A/P Kartar Singh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Substrate Concentration in Producing Higher Butanol Compared to Ethanol by Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum by : Pearljeet Kaur A/P Kartar Singh

Download or read book Effect of Substrate Concentration in Producing Higher Butanol Compared to Ethanol by Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum written by Pearljeet Kaur A/P Kartar Singh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this present experiment, the main objective is to study the effect of substrate concentration in producing higher butanol compared to ethanol by using Clostridium acetobutylicum. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) was used as the main substrate in this fermentation because it imposes negative effect towards the environment which in vast amount besides the availability as a low cost substrate and reinforced clostridium medium (RCM) was used as a control substrate. Study was also done to investigate the growth profile of C. acetobutylicum, type of sugars in POME, and glucose consumption of C. acetobutylicum during fermentation. The HPLC analysis result for sugar component showed that the reducing sugars; fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose and lactose exist in POME and are utilized as substrate for solvents fermentation by C. acetobutylicum. Main study on the effect of four substrate concentrations 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% in POME and RCM were tested using Schott bottle as fermentor in anaerobic chamber to maintain the anaerobic condition for C. acetobutylicum growth condition for 72 hours at temperature of 35oC, pH 5.8 and speed of 200 rpm. The results showed that butanol and ethanol were produced at the end of the fermentation hence proving POME is a viable substrate for the fermentation. After 20 hours fermentation it was observed that at 90% substrate concentration butanol produced was higher compared to ethanol. However, in overall the result showed higher ethanol production compared to butanol production for all the four different substrate concentration throughout the experiment. The core factor contributing in this result is the substrate inhibition by butanol besides the phenolic component in POME which also acts as inhibitor, strain degeneration, and also extraction of butanol from fermentation broth. In conclusion, many efforts need to be taken to ensure higher butanol can be produced especially in decreasing the inhibition factor towards butanol.

Effects of Substrate Concentration and Agitation Rate on Butanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum

Download Effects of Substrate Concentration and Agitation Rate on Butanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum PDF Online Free

Author : Nur Hidayah Maslan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Substrate Concentration and Agitation Rate on Butanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum by : Nur Hidayah Maslan

Download or read book Effects of Substrate Concentration and Agitation Rate on Butanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum written by Nur Hidayah Maslan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is mainly focusing on butanol production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by anaerobic fermentation using Clostridium acetobutylicum. Despite that untreated POME could bring severe effects to environment, POME also can be used as the main substrate due to abundant supply and it potentiality to be utilised by saccharolytic clostridia in butanol fermentation. Reinforced Clostridia Medium (RCM) was functioned as control medium. This study was also to investigate the growth profile rate and the consumption of glucose by C. acetobutylicum during fermentation for 72 hour at 37°C. Fermentation was carried out in 250 mL Schott bottle at a working volume of 150 mL. Other parameters were kept constant at pH 5.8 for POME, pH 6.8 for RCM and 10% inoculum. The effects of substrate concentration and agitation rate in producing butanol were studied. Substrate concentrations used were 70%, 80% and 90% while for agitation rates were 0 rpm, 100 rpm, 175 rpm and 250 rpm. Butanol produced from the fermentation was analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Growth profile rate of C. acetobutylicum in POME and RCM were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Glucose concentration was measured from the calculation of the amount of glucose consumed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method which monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. This experiment were started by clostridia cultivation and then followed by fermentation medium preparation, inoculum preparation, fermentation process for 72 hours and fermentation product analysis. The highest butanol yield in POME was 0.3485 g/L at 70% concentration and 175 rpm while maximum butanol production was produced in 90% RCM at 175 rpm which was 0.5034 g/L. In conclusion, lots of hard work and precaution steps need to be taken in order to make sure higher butanol can be produced at theoretically substrate concentration which is 90% and agitation rate at 200 rpm.

Effect of Inoculum Concentration on Butanol and Ethanol Production by Clostridium Acetobutylicum

Author : Baiyinah A.Talip
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Inoculum Concentration on Butanol and Ethanol Production by Clostridium Acetobutylicum by : Baiyinah A.Talip

Download or read book Effect of Inoculum Concentration on Butanol and Ethanol Production by Clostridium Acetobutylicum written by Baiyinah A.Talip and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Malaysia, the government has implement policy instruments aimed at promoting the production of butanol and ethanol as an alternative to renewable energy. The objective was to study the effect of inoculum concentration on butanol and ethanol production and besides that, the study also focused on growth profile of Clostridium acetobutylicum and glucose consumption in POME and RCM. The methods begin with palm oil mill effluent (POME) analysis using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The process continued with the microbial fermentation and each inoculums concentration at 5% v/v, 10 % v/v and 15 % v/v were prepared in Reinforced Clostridia Media (RCM). POME as an alternative medium was sedimented for 24 hours, and has been prepared at pH 5.8, diluted with 90 % substrate, deoxygenated the POME using nitrogen gas. Both medium POME and RCM were seeded with different inoculums concentration and after 3 days fermentation, the fermentation broth were undergo liquid-liquid extraction and prepared for Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis. The result obtained from POME analysis showed that galactose was the main component in POME. Moreover, the maximum butanol production for both POME and RCM medium were 0.18533% at 15% v/v (POME) and 0.00801% at 5% v/v (RCM). Result showed that increasing the inoculum concentration would reduce the fermentation time, increased the total glucose consumption and increased the butanol production. While the maximum production of ethanol were, 1.87593% at 15% v/v during 40 hours (POME) and 2.36754% at 5% v/v during 60 hours (RCM) of fermentation time. The result showed that there were significant correlation between inoculum concentration and butanol and ethanol production. Thus, it could be concluded that inoculum concentration does affect the butanol and ethanol production, besides, POME could be an alternative medium for butanol and ethanol fermentation.

Effect of Substrate Concentration and Agitation Rate on Butanol Production from POME by Clostridium Beijerinckii

Author : Ellie Fazlin Mohd Sarian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Substrate Concentration and Agitation Rate on Butanol Production from POME by Clostridium Beijerinckii by : Ellie Fazlin Mohd Sarian

Download or read book Effect of Substrate Concentration and Agitation Rate on Butanol Production from POME by Clostridium Beijerinckii written by Ellie Fazlin Mohd Sarian and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the largest by product generated from palm oil mills, about 50 million tonnes annually. POME has a potential substrate for acetone, butanol and ethanol production using Clostridium beijerinckii. This research mainly studied on the direct use of POME as fermentation medium for solvent fermentation by Clostridium beijerinckii ATCC 51743. This research also investigated the growth profile rate and the consumption of glucose by Clostridium beijerinckii during fermentation. Fermentation were conducted for 72 hours at 370C by using palm oil mill effluent and reinforced clostridia medium as a growth medium in batch culture. Investigations were carried out on the effect of subsrate (POME) concentration and the agitation rate into the production of butanol. The POME concentration that had been used in this investigation were 90%, 80% and 70% while the agitation rate that had been used were 0 rpm, 100 rpm, 175 rpm and 250 rpm respectively. The results showed that the highest yield of butanol produced was 3.12 g/L by 70% POME at 100 rpm of agitation rate.

Effect of Temperature on Butanol and Ethanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluents by Clostridium Acetobutylicum

Author : Einayah Kamaruzaman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Temperature on Butanol and Ethanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluents by Clostridium Acetobutylicum by : Einayah Kamaruzaman

Download or read book Effect of Temperature on Butanol and Ethanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluents by Clostridium Acetobutylicum written by Einayah Kamaruzaman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm oil mill effluents is a waste that produce in high quantity in Malaysia. Furthur studies would futher increase profitability of palm oil industries besides solving environmental problems. POME has great potential as substrate because it has low cost and also it contains a mixture of carbohydrates binding, hemicelluloses, sucrose, and other carbohydrates that can be utilized by saccharolytic clostria.This research mainly to study the effect of temperature to the solventogenic fermentation using clostridia.acetobutylicum in producing butanol and ethanol by using palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a fermentation media. This research also to investigate the type of sugar that contain in POME, the profile growth rate of clostridia acetobutylicum and then to investigate consumption of glucose by clostridia acetobutylicum during fermentation. The experiment works were conducted in schott bottle in anaerobic chamber to maintain anaerobic condition. Fermentation was carried out for 72 hour at 35°C with the concentration of POME at 90% and inoculums concentration at 10%. Palm oil mill effluent and reinforced clostridia medium was used as a growth medium in batch culture. The temperature that used in this investigation is 33°C, 34°C, 35°C and 37°C. The result of this investigation showed that POME is a viable media for butanol and ethanol fermentation. The result also showed that the yield of butanol and ethanol production will decrease as the temperature increase. The results showed that the highest yield of butanol produced was 0.156 g/L. For ethanol production, the highest was 58.51 g/L. The experimental results also showed that the sugar groups that contains in POME are fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose and lactose. From this study, it was observed that optimum condition for butanol and ethanol fermentation by Clostridia acetobutylicum at 35°C.

Effect of Fermentation Time on Butanol and Ethanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Clostridium Acetobutylicum

Author : Muhammad Zaini Othman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Fermentation Time on Butanol and Ethanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Clostridium Acetobutylicum by : Muhammad Zaini Othman

Download or read book Effect of Fermentation Time on Butanol and Ethanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Clostridium Acetobutylicum written by Muhammad Zaini Othman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels production through fermentation from renewable waste has been put more to focus in mid 20th century till now. Main focus of the research is to determine optimum fermentation time to obtain maximum concentration of butanol and ethanol via ABE fermentation. The ABE fermentation is a two phase chemical production which is from acidogenesis into solventogenesis. The fermentation is caused by clostridia bacteria and in this case of study is Clostridium acetobutylicum pattered NCIMB 13357. The main substrate for nutrient in this study is Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) which freshly taken from Lepar Hilir, Pahang. Through the research, POME was found to contain majorly of pentose and carbohydrate substance such as galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose. The research parameter is fermentation time at 72, 80, 48 and 60 hours. The experiments start from medium preparation, cultivation of bacteria, inoculation, fermentation and lastly analysis of product. All standard solution is made in order to standardize the reading of concentration of product and substance analyzed. The condition for bacteria environment is set to anaerobic and optimum pH at 5.8, temperature at 37 0C and agitation speed is set at 200 rpm along ABE fermentation. Final result shown that at fermentation time of 40 hours, the maximum value of 0.07 g/L of butanol was produced, while for ethanol is 83.499 g/L at 20 hour fermentation time. POME is encouragingly valid for use as fermentation media as it contain many utilizable substrates for Clostridium acetobutylicum.

Production of Butanol from Whey Permeate by Clostridium Acetobutylicum P262 in a Two-stage Continuous Fermentation System

Author : Francisco Diez-Gonzalez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Production of Butanol from Whey Permeate by Clostridium Acetobutylicum P262 in a Two-stage Continuous Fermentation System by : Francisco Diez-Gonzalez

Download or read book Production of Butanol from Whey Permeate by Clostridium Acetobutylicum P262 in a Two-stage Continuous Fermentation System written by Francisco Diez-Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Food Biosynthesis

Author : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128112085
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Food Biosynthesis by : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

Download or read book Food Biosynthesis written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Biosynthesis, Volume One in the Handbook of Food Bioengineering series, describes the main aspects related to the biological production of synthetic ingredients and natural foods, highlighting the impact of bacteria and plants in the biosynthesis of key food components. Biosynthesis methods could help solve issues like food shortages, providing consumers with preferred 'natural' food options. This book represents how biologically synthesized ingredients, such as vanilla flavoring, soy, milk and egg substitutes can be utilized as a desired option future foods. It is ideal for scientists and researchers who want to improve their knowledge on the field of food biosynthesis. - Presents practical approaches of biosynthesis and the impact of biological origin on the field of food engineering - Offers alternative applications to produce natural foods - Includes processes and techniques to produce health promoting foods - Discusses the positive effects of biosynthesis on microbial production to enhance food safety - Offers a variety of perspectives on biosynthesis and its benefits for food ingredient production

Effect of Fermentation Time and Temperature on Butanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Using Clostridium Acebutylicum

Download Effect of Fermentation Time and Temperature on Butanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Using Clostridium Acebutylicum PDF Online Free

Author : Siti Nadiah Mustafa Kamal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Fermentation Time and Temperature on Butanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Using Clostridium Acebutylicum by : Siti Nadiah Mustafa Kamal

Download or read book Effect of Fermentation Time and Temperature on Butanol Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Using Clostridium Acebutylicum written by Siti Nadiah Mustafa Kamal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaysia is the world's largest producer of palm oil. Waste from palm oil production factories has been increasing rapidly and one of the serious problems in the palm oil fruit processing is the managing of the waste generated by the processes. Recently, fermentative energy production from several sources of biomass has been carried out which is Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation (Shinto et al., 2008). Due to this, this study is focusing on the utilization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) for ABE fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum (NCIMB 13357). The main objective of this study is to develop conversion of POME into useful material which is butanol. Investigations were carried out on the effects of fermentation temperature within 35°C to 45°C and fermentation time within 48 to 72 hours to the butanol production. The experiment were conducted in Schott bottle with 90% concentration of culture medium and 10% v/v of inoculums concentration by using POME and reinforced clostridia medium (RCM) as growth medium. This anaerobic fermentation was done in batch culture. It was observed that the optimum condition for butanol fermentation by C.acetobutylicum is at 40°C through 48 hours which produced the highest yield of butanol (3.1344 g/L). From this study, it showed that the butanol production was decreased as the fermentation temperature and time were increased. The results from this study hence showed that the POME is a viable media for butanol fermentation. For improvement, research on other parameter such as pH of substrate and concentration of substrate that effect on butanol production should be carried out to optimize the production of butanol.

Microbial Cell Factories Engineering for Production of Biomolecules

Author : Vijai Singh
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128214783
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Cell Factories Engineering for Production of Biomolecules by : Vijai Singh

Download or read book Microbial Cell Factories Engineering for Production of Biomolecules written by Vijai Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-13 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Cell Factories Engineering for Production of Biomolecules presents a compilation of chapters written by eminent scientists worldwide. Sections cover major tools and technologies for DNA synthesis, design of biosynthetic pathways, synthetic biology tools, biosensors, cell-free systems, computer-aided design, OMICS tools, CRISPR/Cas systems, and many more. Although it is not easy to find relevant information collated in a single volume, the book covers the production of a wide range of biomolecules from several MCFs, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Streptomyces, Corynebacterium, Cyanobacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris and Yarrowia lipolytica, and algae, among many others. This will be an excellent platform from which scientific knowledge can grow and widen in MCF engineering research for the production of biomolecules. Needless to say, the book is a valuable source of information not only for researchers designing cell factories, but also for students, metabolic engineers, synthetic biologists, genome engineers, industrialists, stakeholders and policymakers interested in harnessing the potential of MCFs in several fields. - Offers basic understanding and a clear picture of various MCFs - Explains several tools and technologies, including DNA synthesis, synthetic biology tools, genome editing, biosensors, computer-aided design, and OMICS tools, among others - Harnesses the potential of engineered MCFs to produce a wide range of biomolecules for industrial, therapeutic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and biotechnological applications - Highlights the advances, challenges, and future opportunities in designing MCFs

Handbook on Clostridia

Author : Peter Duerre
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 113550198X
Total Pages : 1571 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook on Clostridia by : Peter Duerre

Download or read book Handbook on Clostridia written by Peter Duerre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-03-29 with total page 1571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clostridia is one of the largest bacterial genera with an enormous potential for biotechnical and medical applications. Despite growing scientific, medical, and industrial interest, information on basic methods, biochemical fundamentals, clinical practice, industrial applications, and novel developments remains scattered in a variety of research ar

Cellulose

Author : John Kadla
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535111728
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellulose by : John Kadla

Download or read book Cellulose written by John Kadla and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulose is only one of the components of biomass, although being the most abundant. To make useful chemicals or materials from cellulose requires as the first step the separation of cellulose from biomass. Various issues of cellulose extraction and its conversion are discussed in the chapters of this book on cellulose, the third and last one of a series of books on cellulose. This conversion of cellulose is an integral part of the biorefinery concept, an effort to derive optimum value from all biomass components, and as such compulsory reading for students and researchers in this area.

Bioethanol and Biobutanol Production with Clostridium Carboxidivorans, Clostridium Beijerinckii, and Co-culture from Biomass

Author : Guk Hee S. Youn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioethanol and Biobutanol Production with Clostridium Carboxidivorans, Clostridium Beijerinckii, and Co-culture from Biomass by : Guk Hee S. Youn

Download or read book Bioethanol and Biobutanol Production with Clostridium Carboxidivorans, Clostridium Beijerinckii, and Co-culture from Biomass written by Guk Hee S. Youn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clostridium carboxidivorans (NCIMB 15243) is a well-known acetogenic bacterium with the capability to produce acetyl-CoA and subsequently biofuel products such as ethanol and butanol from waste gas such as CO2 and H2. To be more specific, C. carboxidivorans can utilize CO2 and H2 via the reductive acetyl-CoA or Wood-Ljungdahl pathway to produce organic acids, such as acetate and butyrate, and alcohols, such as ethanol and butanol. Clostridium beijerinckii (NCIMB 8052) produces CO2 and H2 as waste products from converting pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. Because these two different Clostridium strains use two different, but very similar, metabolic pathways that rely on two different substrates to produce ethanol and butanol, both individual strain and co-cultured fermentative profiles were studied in autotrophic fermentation with CO2/H2 and heterotrophic fermentation with glucose as carbon and energy source. During both fermentations, initial medium pH values of 6.1 and 7.1 were studied for optimal ethanol and butanol production without any pH adjustments during glucose and CO2/H2 gas fermentations. Both fermentations were performed in serum bottles containing 50 ml of CGM medium. All serum bottles were incubated in a shaking incubator with agitation at 150 rpm at 25C or 37C. We observed that more acids and alcohols were produced with the higher initial pH of 7.1 in glucose and CO2/H2 gas fermentations. To explore the effect of temperature shift on alcohol production, serum bottles were incubated in 37C shaker for the first 24 hours then in 25C shaker for the rest of fermentation. During the glucose fermentation, two co-culture batches were able to produce significant amount of butanol by utilizing temperature shift technique. Since we have observed that C. carboxidivorans can more effectively convert CO2 into ethanol rather than butanol, we also examined the effect of co-culturing it with C. beijerinckii in gas fermentation. Co-culture batches were able to boost butanol productivity in CO2/H2 gas fermentation by converting acetyl-CoA produced by C. carboxidivorans prior to the second inoculation of C. beijerinckii at 37C.

Fermentative Production of Butanol from Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) Sap Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum and Clostridium Beijerinckii

Author : Farhanah Amanulla Khan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Fermentative Production of Butanol from Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) Sap Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum and Clostridium Beijerinckii by : Farhanah Amanulla Khan

Download or read book Fermentative Production of Butanol from Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) Sap Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum and Clostridium Beijerinckii written by Farhanah Amanulla Khan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaysia is the one of world's largest producer of palm oil. Waste from palm oil production factories has been increasing rapidly and one of the serious problems in the palm oil fruit processing is managing the waste generated by the processes. Recent studies showed that butanol can be used as excellent renewable liquid transportation fuel. In this study, oil palm trunk sap is used as the substrate. The objective of this study is to compare the production of biobutanol from biomass waste (oil palm trunk sap) via fermentation process using different microorganisms. The fermentation type done was submerged fermentation. Fermentation was conducted for five days at 37 0C. Samples were taken for every 6 hours for 3 days, then for every 12 hours. Samples taken were analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze sugar composition in OPT sap. UV Spectrophotometer is used to analyze biomass. Oil palm trunk (OPT) sap contains sucrose as its dominant sugar followed by glucose, fructose and galactose. Based on the analysis, acetone, butanol and ethanol were produced. Comparisons between the two strains Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii were made, and C. beijerinckii showed higher production of acetone, butanol and ethanol. The highest yield for butanol production by C. acetobutylicum and C. beijerinckii were 13.910 g/L and 15.301 g/L and highest production of ethanol were 11.17 g/L and 12.09 g/L. 4.13 g/L and 4.49 g/L acetone was produced by C. acetobutylicum and C. beijerinckii. Based on this study, it is concluded that OPT sap is preferable substrate to produce butanol by using C. beijerinckii.

Biofuels

Author : Xuefeng Lu
Publisher : Caister Academic Press Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781908230454
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuels by : Xuefeng Lu

Download or read book Biofuels written by Xuefeng Lu and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this book a panel of international experts reviews the most important hot-topics in this area to provide a timely overview. The production of different biofuel molecules including hydrogen, methane, ethanol, butanol, higher chain alcohols, isoprenoids and fatty acid derivatives, from genetically engineered microbes, is comprehensively covered. Special focus is given to the use of metabolic engineering of microbes, including bacteria, yeast and microalgae, to enhance biofuel production. In addition authors discuss current research processes, technical challenges and future development trends for biofuel production."--Back cover.

Engineering Microbial Fermentations

Author : Zachary Cardwell Baer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Microbial Fermentations by : Zachary Cardwell Baer

Download or read book Engineering Microbial Fermentations written by Zachary Cardwell Baer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The batch fermentation of simple sugars to ethanol has thus far been the most successful process to displace transportation fuel consumption worldwide. However, the physical properities of ethanol limit its application in most of the world beyond 10-15 vol% blends with conventional gasoline. Additionally, ethanol is too volatile to be blended at an appreciable level with jet and diesel fuels. Alternative technologies are necessary to produce compounds that can be blended in all forms of transportation fuel and to higher levels. The biological production of longer chain oxygenates or hydrocarbons has been purposed to address this challenge. However, the increased toxicity of these molecules has limited their usefulness to-date. Alternatively, chemocatalytic routes to produce these fuel molecules do not suffer from toxicity issues but the highly functional saccharide-based feedstocks result in undesirable by-product formation and yield losses. We propose that by effectively combining these biological and chemocatalytic approaches efficient production of all classes of transportation fuels can be achieved. Clostridium acetobutylicum is a well-studied industrial bacterium capable of fermenting a wide-variety of saccharides into a mixture of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE). These mixed products contain functionalities that are amenable to C-C bond formation through transition-metal catalysis. Thus enabling the production of a suite of long-chain oxygenates from a variety of sugar substrates. This dissertation describes three major topics associated with the integration biological and chemocatalytic processes for fuel production: (1) the initial discovery and evaluation of such a combined process, (2) tailoring the fermentation products and catalyst to favor diesel production, and (3) engineering tunable ethanol and acetone co-production in Escherichia coli. Additionally, a thorough and reproducible protocol describing both biological and chemocatalytic procedures are provided. Acetone, a product of the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, harbors a nucleophilic [alpha]-carbon, which is amenable to C-C bond formation with the electrophilic alcohols (ethanol and n-butanol) produced in ABE fermentation. This functionality enables the formation of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons similar to those found in current gasoline, jet, and diesel fuels. Using a palladium-catalyzed alkylation reaction efficient conversion of ABE fermentation products into ketones, ranging from 2-pentanone to 6-undecanone was achieved. Tuning of the reaction conditions permits production of either predominately gasoline or jet and diesel precursors. Glyceryl tributyrate was identified as a suitable extractant for selective in situ removal of both acetone and alcohols. Enabling simple integration of ABE fermentation and water sensitive chemical catalysis, while reducing the energy demand of the overall process. Additionally, extractive fermentation with glyceryl tributyrate removed several lignocellulosic-derived pretreatment inhibitors completely restoring solvent production titers. Tailoring both the biological fermentation and chemocatalytic reaction conditions predictably increased the production of sustainable diesel blendstocks from lignocellulosic sugar. More specifically, engineering the metabolism of C. acetobutylicum to produce isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) as opposed to ABE by expression of the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (sadh) from C. beijerinckii strain B593. Coupled with the optimization of a more water-resistant alkylation catalyst, hydrotalcite-supported copper(II) or palladium (0). Furthermore, in silco predictions of extraction efficiency using COSMO-RS were employed to identify oleyl alcohol as a superior extractant for in situ removal of IBE. To achieve highly controllable acetone and ethanol production both metabolic and fermentation engineering approaches were employed. Strains capable of producing acetone without carboxylic acid reassimilation through a newly described pathway were developed. Furthermore, a more oxidized sugar-acid (gluconic acid) was used to drive production of acetone through redox balancing of NADH, predicatively reducing the molar ethanol:acetone ratio. Increases in the molar ethanol:acetone ratio were also described by the co-expression of either the aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) from E. coli MG1655 or pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhB) from Z. mobilis. Acetone titers reached wild-type C. acetobutylicum levels by controlling the fermentation sparge rate and pH in a bioreactor. Finally, catalytic strategies to upgrade the co-produced ethanol and acetone at both low and high molar ratios are described. By leveraging the advantages of both biological fermentation and chemocatalytic reactions of fermentation products with well-defined functionality we are able to efficiently convert a variety of saccharides into long-chain oxygenates. These long-chain oxygenates can be blended with all forms of transportation fuels. Additionally, tuning the microorganism's metabolism, fermentation conditions, catalysis reaction, or all of the above can optimize the production for a specific class of fuel. The integration of mixed-product fermentation with chemical catalysis is thus a novel and potentially enabling route for the economical conversion of biomass into liquid transportation fuels.

Bacterial Metabolism

Author : H. W. Doelle
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483272745
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Metabolism by : H. W. Doelle

Download or read book Bacterial Metabolism written by H. W. Doelle and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Metabolism focuses on metabolic events that occur in microorganisms, as well as photosynthesis, oxidation, polysaccharide formation, and homofermentation. The book first discusses the thermodynamics of biological reactions, photosynthesis and photometabolism, and chemosynthesis. Free energy, photosynthesis, enzymes, and terminology in bacterial metabolism are elaborated. The manuscript then examines acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. Discussions focus on lactate, ethanol, glucose, and glycerol metabolism, glycol oxidation, homofermentation, polysaccharide formation, and electron transport systems. The publication takes a look at pseudomonadaceae and nitrogen metabolism as an energy source for anaerobic microorganisms. Topics include metabolism of pairs of amino acids, single amino acid metabolism, oxidation of glycolate and malonate, and oxygenases. The book is a dependable source of information for readers interested in bacterial metabolism.