Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Effect Of Skewness On Steel Girder Highway Bridges
Download Effect Of Skewness On Steel Girder Highway Bridges full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Effect Of Skewness On Steel Girder Highway Bridges ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Effect of Skewness on Steel Girder Highway Bridges by : Firas Nazih Bou Diab
Download or read book Effect of Skewness on Steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Firas Nazih Bou Diab and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current thesis presents the finite element results of a parametric study to accurately evaluate the effect of skewness on wheel load distribution in steel g irder highway bridges. The finite element method is used to investigate the effect of span length, girder spacing, and skewness, on one-span simply supported, two-lane, th reelane, and four-lane steel girder bridges. Five span lengths and three girder spacings are examined in combination with six skew angles, for a total of 270 bridges analyze d and reported in the study. Various positions of the design trucks are assumed, longi tudinally and transversally, in order to produce maximum bending moments. The finite eleme nt modeling consists of shells and frames, for concrete slab and steel girders, res pectively, and composite action between slab and girders is assumed. The finite element pro gram SAP2000 is used in the analysis, and the longitudinal bending moments are comput ed and corresponding wheel load distribution factors on the girders are reported an d discussed for various skew angles. The finite element analysis results for skewe d bridges are compared to the reference straight bridges as well as to the America n Association for State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications and LRFD procedures. This study will assist bridge engineers in performing realistic analysis and design of simply supported, multi-lane, skewed steel girder bridges as well as evaluate the load carrying capacity of existing struct ures.
Book Synopsis Influence of Secondary Components on the Serviceability of Steel Girder Highway Bridges by : Mohamed Abdel-Azim Elewa
Download or read book Influence of Secondary Components on the Serviceability of Steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Mohamed Abdel-Azim Elewa and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Load Rating of Skewed Steel Girder Highway Bridges by : Renxiang Lu
Download or read book Experimental Load Rating of Skewed Steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Renxiang Lu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skewed highway bridges are commonplace, but the behavior of a skewed bridge can be significantly more complex compared to a straight bridge. As a consequence, the theoretical equations currently used to determine the load rating of a skewed bridge can be inaccurate for a large skew angle because the location of the girder and the moment (positive or negative) under consideration, the arrangement and position of cross-frames and parapets, and the location of loading applied on the bridge are neglected. In this study, an accurate load rating method is proposed that accounts for these effects. In the proposed method, a field test is used to determine the safe load-carrying capacity of the bridge, and a two-dimensional grid with longitudinal and transverse beam elements rigidly connected at intersecting nodes and vertical loads applied at the nodes (“grillage”) model is used to calculate the contribution due to skew. The field test is conducted using a calibrated truck driven over the bridge in successive runs that traverse the entire width of the roadway, and the measured strain response is used to calculate internal moments and experimental live load effects. To compare the behaviors between the actual bridge and the analytical estimation, the ratio of the bridge experimental and analytical load ratings is obtained. Additionally, contributors to the bridge live load are decomposed and compared to the analytical load rating to obtain the bridge deaggregated ratio of load ratings. The effect of critical span adjustment, longitudinal and lateral load distribution, unintended composite action between the slab and the girders, slab flexure, and additional stiffness in the system on the ratio of load ratings are qualified and quantified. The contribution of additional stiffness in the system to the actual load rating in comparison to the analytical is further discretized into the contribution to stiffness due to skew and the contribution to stiffness due to curbs and railings. The contribution to stiffness due to skew is calculated as the ratio of the statical moment in the skewed bridge grillage model to the corresponding statical moment in the equivalent straight bridge. The proposed method is illustrated using a case study of a steel girder highway bridge with a 43-degree skew angle. The tests indicate that the experimental load rating is 156% greater than the analytical load rating at the positive moment location, and 11% greater at the negative moment location. The increased load rating is primarily due to unintended composite action. Since unintended composite action is not reliable for load-levels above the linear-elastic region, the effect of unintended composite action is removed, resulting in a reliable experimental rating load rating that is 46% greater than the analytical load rating at the positive moment location. The grillage model indicates that additional stiffness due to skew contributes to a 19% increase in the positive moment load rating. The case study demonstrates that the proposed method provides a more accurate determination of the skew effect, compared to the theoretical equations currently in use, because the location of the girder and moment under consideration, the arrangement and position of cross-frames and parapets, and the location of loading applied on the bridge are explicitly incorporated. Therefore, field testing coupled with a grillage model has the potential to effectively load rate skewed highway bridges.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges by :
Download or read book Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 725: Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges offers guidance on the appropriate level of analysis needed to determine the constructability and constructed geometry of curved and skewed steel girder bridges. When appropriate in lieu of a 3D analysis, the guidelines also introduce improvements to 1D and 2D analyses that require little additional computational costs."--Publication information.
Book Synopsis Inelastic Rating Procedures for Steel Beam and Girder Bridges by : Theodore V. Galambos
Download or read book Inelastic Rating Procedures for Steel Beam and Girder Bridges written by Theodore V. Galambos and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1993 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Girder Distribution Factors for Skew Steel Girder Bridges by : Hasbi Evren Ugur
Download or read book Girder Distribution Factors for Skew Steel Girder Bridges written by Hasbi Evren Ugur and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Skewness on Reaction Forces of Two-lane Simply Supported Mult-stringer Steel Bridges by : Salim Sami Wave
Download or read book Effect of Skewness on Reaction Forces of Two-lane Simply Supported Mult-stringer Steel Bridges written by Salim Sami Wave and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Design Criteria for Simply Supported Skew Slab-and-girder Bridges by : Hendrik Jacobus Marx
Download or read book Development of Design Criteria for Simply Supported Skew Slab-and-girder Bridges written by Hendrik Jacobus Marx and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elastic analyses, using the finite element method, were done on 108 single span skew slab-and-girder bridges. Each structure had 5 girders and stiffnesses were representative of bridges with pretensioned I-girders or steel I-beam. Spans ranged from 40 to 80 ft, girder spacings from 6 to 9 ft, and the skew angle from zero to 60 degrees. The loadings were multiple point loads representing two HS20 AASHTO vehicles, and the loads were positioned to produce maximum bending moments in the girders. Convergence studies to evaluate the precision of the finite element models were also done, and comparisons were made with the results of other studies. An extensive parametric study was done to determine the most important variables and to gain an understanding of the response of the skew bridge. Expressions for the design moments in interior and exterior girders were then developed. These take into account the span and spacing of girders, the stiffness of the girders relative to the slab stiffness, and the angle of skew. The format is the use of the static moment for a girder, with modifications to this moment based on girder span and spacing, slab to girder stiffness ratio, and skew angle. A similar study was done to obtain factors for the calculation of deflections, starting with the deflection of a simple beam.
Book Synopsis Skewed Steel Bridges by : James Zhou
Download or read book Skewed Steel Bridges written by James Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lateral flange bending stresses can arise from a number of sources, such as wind loading or eccentric concrete placement, but of particular interest are lateral flange bending stresses, fl, that occur due to skew. Lateral flange bending stresses that occur in skewed bridge systems tend to develop due to lateral forces transferred through cross frames which may connect adjacent girders at different span points. In lieu of a refined analysis, the AASHTO (2010) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications currently permit engineers examining bridges skewed more than 20° to use a minimum value of fl = 10 ksi for an interior girder and fl = 7.5 ksi for an exterior girder. The estimates for fl provided within the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are based on a limited data set for skewed bridges. Additionally, since the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications state that cross frames or diaphragms should be placed in a staggered configuration when a bridge is skewed more than 20°, the approximate values provided for fl should not be expected to be indicative of the lateral flange bending stresses experienced when cross frames are instead carried parallel to the skew in bridges skewed beyond 20°. The authors have performed a study to investigate the effects of cross frame orientation and skew angle upon lateral flange bending stresses, by examining lateral flange bending stresses in a suite of detailed 3D solid finite element analyses of skewed bridge systems, in which cross frame layout, spacing, and skew angle were varied. The findings of this study showed that cross frames placed parallel to the angle of skew produced significantly lower values for fl than cases in which cross frames were placed perpendicular to the girder line and staggered. Both reducing the skew angle and decreasing cross frame spacing were found to reduce lateral flange bending stresses. The values of lateral flange bending stress for all configurations were greater than the bounds of the approximate values suggested by AASHTO.
Book Synopsis Steel Bridge Group by : Steel Construction Institute
Download or read book Steel Bridge Group written by Steel Construction Institute and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Behaviour at the Mid-span of Post Tensioned, Simple Span, Skewed Box Girder Bridges by : Shree Krishna Tripathi
Download or read book Behaviour at the Mid-span of Post Tensioned, Simple Span, Skewed Box Girder Bridges written by Shree Krishna Tripathi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many highway bridges are skewed to maintain the profile of natural obstacles to road like rivers, and depressions. Generally, we analyze straight bridge girders making it a line element which makes our hand calculations simpler. However, if we follow the same procedure for skewed bridges like straight ones, we cannot fully visualize and determine their behavior properly which may lead to over estimation or underestimation on different structural forces like bending moment, shear force and most importantly deflection. It is because when we look on skewed bridges in three dimension, the ends of the bridges are skewed to the centerline of the bridges and we can clearly realize that the concrete materials in the acute side is less than that in the obtuse side. If the skew angle is relatively large, it might be the case that there is unbalancing forces along the cross section of the skewed bridge which might lead to the camber at the center of the bridge to be inclined to the vertical which might tend to rotate the entire bridge about the vertical plane. This implies that highly skewed bridges tend to attract more torsion making the design more complicated. If these aspects are not taken into consideration, the skewed bridges might not be good fit while taking the limit state of serviceability. This thesis paper investigates into the three-dimensional analysis of a skewed bridge. Finite element modeling is utilized to analyze the skewed bridges and we can know how it behaves. After the modeling and analysis of a simple span cast in place post tensioned skewed bridge, it is seen that the deflection and bending moment at the mid-span of a skewed bridge is less compared to the non-skewed bridge. Moreover, a skew effect factor is also found which is very useful while designing skewed bridges.
Book Synopsis Live Load Effects in Diaphragms of Concrete Slab-on-steel Girder Highway Bridges by : Kenneth Carl Saindon
Download or read book Live Load Effects in Diaphragms of Concrete Slab-on-steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Kenneth Carl Saindon and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance of Steel Plate Girder Bridges with Integral Abutments by : U. S. Department Transportation
Download or read book Seismic Performance of Steel Plate Girder Bridges with Integral Abutments written by U. S. Department Transportation and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-04-24 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of a pilot study on the seismic behavior and response of steel bridges with integral abutments. Analytical investigations were conducted on computational models of steel bridges with integral abutments to determine their seismic behavior as a system and to develop seismic design guidelines. The effect of the superstructure flexibility due to inadequate embedment length was investigated using 3D finite element models. This flexibility, modeled as translational and rotational springs, proved to have significant effect on the overall bridge dynamic characteristics in terms of periods and critical mode shapes. Lateral and longitudinal load paths and the seismic response were investigated using modal pushover and nonlinear time history analyses. A limited investigation on the effect of skew was conducted on a single-span integral abutment bridge. A procedure for incorporating the system level damping due to the yielding and inelastic responses of various components was proposed for use in the seismic analysis. Based on the analytical investigations and available experimental research, guidelines for the seismic analysis and design of integral abutment bridges were developed.
Book Synopsis Influence of Skewness on Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridges by : Carol Shukri Menassa
Download or read book Influence of Skewness on Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridges written by Carol Shukri Menassa and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis investigates the effect of skewness on reinforced concrete solid slab bridges. This study considers bridge decks with various angles of skewness, and live load distribution from truck loading on the solid slab is determined. Simple multi-lane bridges are analyzed for a variety of span lengths and slab widths. The loading consists of AASHTO HS-20 design truck, which is so positioned laterally and longitudinally to produce maximum moments in the slab. The analysis is performed using the finite element method and a proper mesh is selected to account for the skewness of the bridge slab. Finally, the behavior of the bridges analyzed is assessed with design procedure currently in use. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), "Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 1996". Also, a comparison between straight and skewed bridges is conducted.
Book Synopsis Development of a Simplified Procedure to Predict Dead Load Deflections of Skewed and Non-Skewed Steel Plate Girder Bridges by :
Download or read book Development of a Simplified Procedure to Predict Dead Load Deflections of Skewed and Non-Skewed Steel Plate Girder Bridges written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of today's steel bridges are being constructed with longer spans and higher skew. As a result, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has experienced numerous problems in predicting the dead load deflections of steel plate girder bridges. In response to these problems, the NCDOT has funded this research project (Project Number 2004-14). Common dead load deflection prediction methods, which traditionally utilize single girder line (SGL) analysis, have been shown to over predict the dead load deflections; the inaccuracy can result in various costly construction delays and maintenance and safety issues. The primary objective of this research is to develop a simplified procedure to predict dead load deflections of skewed and non-skewed steel plate girder bridges. In developing the simplified procedure, ten steel plate girder bridges were monitored during placement of the concrete deck to observe the deflection of the girders. Detailed three-dimensional finite element models of the bridge structures were generated in the commercially available finite element analysis program ANSYS, and correlations were made between the simulated deflections and the field measured deflections. With confidence in the ability of the developed finite element models to capture bridge deflection behavior, a preprocessor program was written to automate the finite element generation. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of skew angle, girder spacing, span length, cross frame stiffness, number of girders within the span, and exterior to interior girder load ratio on the girder deflection behavior. The results from the parametric were used to develop a simplified procedure, which modifies traditional SGL predictions with empirical equations to account for skew angle, girder spacing, span length, and exterior to interior girder load ratio. Predictions of the deflections from the simplified procedure and from SGL analyses were compared to th.
Book Synopsis Time Dependent Reliability Models for Steel Girder Bridges by : Chan-Hee Park
Download or read book Time Dependent Reliability Models for Steel Girder Bridges written by Chan-Hee Park and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Geotechnics and Structural Engineering by : Sanjay Kumar Shukla
Download or read book Advances in Geotechnics and Structural Engineering written by Sanjay Kumar Shukla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering (TRACE 2020). The book focuses on the latest research developments in structural engineering, structural health monitoring, rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures, geotechnical engineering, and earthquake-resistant structures. The contents also cover the latest innovations in building repair and maintenance, and sustainable materials for rehabilitation and retrofitting. The contents of this book are useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in structural engineering and allied areas.
