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Effect Of Nozzle Geometry On Mixing Characteristics Of Turbulent Free Orifice Jets
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Book Synopsis Effect of Nozzle Geometry on Mixing Characteristics of Turbulent Free Orifice Jets by : Yaw Yeboah Afriyie
Download or read book Effect of Nozzle Geometry on Mixing Characteristics of Turbulent Free Orifice Jets written by Yaw Yeboah Afriyie and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted using particle image velocimetry to study the effect of nozzle geometry on turbulent free orifice jets. The nozzle geometries studied include the round, cross, flower, star, rectangular and elliptical nozzles (aspect ratio 2). The spread rate of the rectangular nozzle was 61% greater than the square nozzle while the elliptical nozzle was 45% greater than the round nozzle using the conventional half velocity width. The superior mixing capacity of the rectangular and elliptical nozzles is attributed to the axis-switching mechanism. Evaluation of the energy budget showed a higher level of production of turbulence and convection of the mean flow for the rectangular nozzle compared with the round nozzle. Two-point auto-correlation function revealed larger structures in the non-circular nozzles and in particular the rectangular nozzle. The Kolmogorov and Taylor microscales however, did not show any significant dependency on nozzle geometry.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Geometry Effect on the Characteristics and Structure of Submerged Twin Jets by : Chidiebere Felix Nwaiwu
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Geometry Effect on the Characteristics and Structure of Submerged Twin Jets written by Chidiebere Felix Nwaiwu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of nozzle geometry on the mean and turbulent characteristics of submerged twin jets were experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted at fixed Reynolds number and offset height ratio of 4,400 and h⁄d=2, respectively. The jets were produced from three nozzle geometries: round, square, and rectangle, with the rectangular nozzle geometry oriented in the minor (rect_min) and major (rect_maj) planes. The twin nozzles of each geometry type were aligned parallel to the free surface, and the separation ratio between the twin jets was fixed at G⁄d=2.3 for all cases. Velocity measurements were obtained using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, and analyses of various quantities such as the instantaneous, mean, and surface velocities, as well as the turbulent statistics were performed. The jet-free surface interaction was examined using mean and turbulent surface velocities at the free surface, velocity defect, and vorticity thickness. Two-point velocity correlation and joint probability density function revealed the dynamics of the turbulent structures. Results from the velocity contours showed that the shear layer expansion was most rapid in twin jets produced from the rect_min nozzle geometry, which resulted in the shortest attachment length to the free surface. The instantaneous velocity field showed the most prograde and retrograde vortices in the rect_min nozzle geometry, accounting for the fastest shear layer expansion. Surface-normal profiles of the Reynolds stress ratio showed an enhancement of about 60% at the free surface and that the Townsend structure parameter was dependent on nozzle geometry. The mean surface velocity revealed that the free surface was in a state of strain due to alternating velocity gradient and was most intense in the rect_min jet. Large-scale structures produced along the centreline of the jet father away from the free surface (jet B) showed a larger streamwise extent compared to those along the centreline of the jet closer to the free surface (jet A) and were independent of nozzle geometry. Analysis of the joint probability density function of the streamwise and surface-normal velocity fluctuations showed that within the shear layer, the Reynolds shear stress producing events were dominated by slow entrainment and fast ejection events, and the damping effect of the free surface was least on the rect_min jets.
Book Synopsis Effects of Nozzle Geometry on Water Jet Flow Characteristics by : Nebojsa Lekic
Download or read book Effects of Nozzle Geometry on Water Jet Flow Characteristics written by Nebojsa Lekic and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Initial Boundary Layer Conditions on Jet Mixing by : William G Hill (Jr)
Download or read book Effects of Initial Boundary Layer Conditions on Jet Mixing written by William G Hill (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes an experimental investigation of the effects of nozzle exit boundary layer conditions on turbulent mixing in free jets. Mean velocity and turbulence measurements were obtained in flow fields produced by several axisymmetric and two dimensional nozzles with exit velocities in the range of 30 to 800 ft/sec. With tripped turbulent initial boundary layers, spatial mixing rates were found to be independent of jet exit velocity, the mean flow fields scaled with nozzle exit dimensions, and the same results were obtained with different air supply facilities. With laminar and transitional initial nozzle boundary layers the core lengths were found to be unpredictable, showing large changes with both nozzle exit dimensions and velocity, and displaying a strong dependence on air supply facility characteristics. A clear conclusion from our investigation was that in experimental testing of models that incorporate free jets the nozzle wall boundary layer must be turbulent to eliminate a frequent source of poor agreement between model and full scale hardware performance. (Author).
Book Synopsis Effects of Reynolds Number and Nozzle Geometry on the Non-turbulent Length of Free Axi-symmetric and Rectangular Jets by : Allan Ross Werbow
Download or read book Effects of Reynolds Number and Nozzle Geometry on the Non-turbulent Length of Free Axi-symmetric and Rectangular Jets written by Allan Ross Werbow and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Acoustic Control of Turbulent Jets by : A.S. Ginevsky
Download or read book Acoustic Control of Turbulent Jets written by A.S. Ginevsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of experimental research on aerodynamic and acoustic control of subsonic turbulent jets by acoustic excitation are presented. It was demonstrated that these control methods, originated by authors, not only can intensify mixing (by acoustic irradiation at low frequency), but also notably ease it (at high-frequency irradiation). This research monograph presents the updated results of the authors supplemented by other investigations conducted in USA, Germany and Great Britain. The methods for the numerical simulation of subsonic turbulent jets under acoustic excitation are described in detail, and examples are reviewed of practical applications, including reduction of turbojet engine noise and acoustic control of self-sustained oscillations in wind tunnels.
Book Synopsis Experimental Study on Turbulent Characteristics of Surface Attaching Jets by : Mohammad Rahman
Download or read book Experimental Study on Turbulent Characteristics of Surface Attaching Jets written by Mohammad Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characteristics of turbulent jets interacting with a free surface were investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed to quantify the effects of offset height and nozzle geometry on the turbulent characteristics at low Reynolds number (Re = 5500). The offset height ratio of a square jet was varied from 1 to 4. For the nozzle geometry effect, four nozzle configurations including circular, square, rectangular with minor axis oriented parallel to the surface-normal direction, and rectangular with its major axis oriented parallel to the surface-normal direction were tested with a fixed offset height ratio of 2. A particle image velocimetry system was used to perform the velocity measurements. Various quantities were investigated, including instantaneous velocities and turbulent statistics up to the fourth order moment. The jet-surface interaction was examined using mean surface velocity, velocity defect, vorticity thickness and surface turbulence intensities. The turbulent structures in the interaction region were investigated using two-point correlations, joint probability density functions and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Turbulent statistics along the free surface revealed that the surface was in the state of stretching and contracting due to the alternating velocity gradient. The straining effect became more severe for shallower jet. For a given offset height ratio, the greatest mean strain at the free surface was produced by the jet issuing in the minor plane of the rectangular nozzle. This nozzle configuration also led to enhancements in the peak values of the surface velocity (about 37%) and turbulence intensities (up to 24%) compared to the circular, square and the jet discharged in the major plane of the rectangular nozzle. The two-point correlations and POD results indicated that the spatial coherence of the velocity fluctuations reduced in the upper shear layer than the lower shear layer. Shorter offset height ratio experienced a slower fractional energy convergence due to a reduction in the structure size under confinement. The re-orientation of the rectangular nozzle to major axis increased the spatial coherence in the interaction region, which led to an about 21% higher fractional energy contribution of the most dominant POD mode (the first mode) compared to the other configurations.
Book Synopsis On the Effects of Initial Conditions on Statistical Properties of Single and Twin Turbulent Jets by : Seyed Sobhan Aleyasin
Download or read book On the Effects of Initial Conditions on Statistical Properties of Single and Twin Turbulent Jets written by Seyed Sobhan Aleyasin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Reynolds number and nozzle geometry on the development and the structures of free turbulent single and twin jets. The velocity measurements were performed using a particle image velocimetry (PIV). Measurements were conducted in the symmetry planes of single round, elliptic, rectangular, triangular, cross, daisy, star and square jets, and the Reynolds number studied ranged from 2500 to 20000. The effects of the initial conditions on the jets' properties are studied using the mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and triple velocity correlations. Also, several methods are employed to extract and examine the turbulent structures of the jets which are responsible for their different mixing performance. The results show that noncircular jets have shorter potential core length, faster growth of centerline turbulence intensity and higher velocity decay and spread rates. Due to the specific topology of the daisy and triangular jets, the normalized profiles of mean velocity and higher order turbulent statistics in their minor and major planes are close to each other, therefore, the turbulent kinetic energy can be approximated by k=0.5((u^2 )+2(v^2 )). In addition, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis shows that the fractional and cumulative energy of turbulent structures in both minor and major planes of the triangular jet are almost identical. In the elliptic and rectangular jets, the statistical quantities in the minor and major planes differ significantly. The swirling strength analysis shows that the vortical structures in the minor plane of the elliptic and rectangular jets are more intense compared to those in their major plane as well as in the round and square jets leading to a higher jet spreading in the minor planes. It is observed that an increase in Reynolds number decreases the decay and spread rates, however, at Re > 10000 they become asymptotic. The joint probability density function (JPDF) and weighted joint probability density function (WJPDF) analysis demonstrate that the dominant events that contribute towards the Reynolds shear stress are different upstream of the axis-switching point in the minor and major planes of the elliptic jet. Consequently, a sign change occurs in the distribution of the Reynolds shear stress in the major plane but not in the minor plane. In twin jets, upstream of the merging point, the levels of turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stress are higher in the inner shear layers, but the opposite trend is observed downstream of the merging point. The swirling strength analysis reveals that the vortical structures are more intense in the inner shear layers upstream of the merging point, their strengths are equal at the merging point and eventually more intense in the outer shear layers after the merging point. The analysis performed at the turbulent/non-turbulent interface of the jets reveals no Reynolds number effect on conditional streamwise velocity and spanwise vorticity distribution. However, the values of conditional transverse velocity are significantly larger at the lowest Reynolds number. The two-point correlation functions point out that the turbulent structures in the outer shear layers are larger compared to the inner shear layers.
Book Synopsis Effect of Inlet Geometry on the Mixing of an Incompressible Turbulent Jet in a Crossflow by : Daniel D. Lauterbach
Download or read book Effect of Inlet Geometry on the Mixing of an Incompressible Turbulent Jet in a Crossflow written by Daniel D. Lauterbach and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (Vol. 3) by : Suvanjan Bhattacharyya
Download or read book Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (Vol. 3) written by Suvanjan Bhattacharyya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-17 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the select proceedings of the 48th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP 2021) held at BITS Pilani in December 2021. It covers the topics such as fluid mechanics, measurement techniques in fluid flows, computational fluid dynamics, instability, transition and turbulence, fluid‐structure interaction, multiphase flows, micro- and nanoscale transport, bio-fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, turbomachinery, propulsion and power. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals interested in the broad field of mechanics.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book STAR written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Twin and Triple Elliptic Free Jets with Various Nozzle Orientations by : Ella Morris
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Twin and Triple Elliptic Free Jets with Various Nozzle Orientations written by Ella Morris and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of nozzle orientation on the mixing and turbulent characteristics of elliptical free triple and twin jets were studied experimentally. The experiments were conducted using modified contoured nozzles with a sharp linear contraction. The centers of the nozzle pair had a separation ratio of s/d = 5.5 for twin jets and s/d = 4.1 for triple jets. For the twin-jet system, two nozzle configurations were tested, twin nozzles oriented along the minor plane (Twin_Minor) and twin nozzles oriented along the major plane (Twin_Major) and the results were compared with single jet. For the triple-jets system, three nozzle configurations were tested. The first configuration had each nozzle oriented along the minor plane (3_Minor), the next had two nozzles oriented along the minor plane and one along the major plane (Min_Maj_Min) and the last configuration had one nozzle oriented along the minor plane and two along the major plane (Maj_Min_Maj). In each case, the Reynolds number based on the maximum jet velocity and the equivalent diameter was 10,000. A planar particle image velocimetry system was used to measure the velocity field in the jet symmetry plane. The velocity decay, jet spread, merging point, combined point and potential core length were used to characterize the effects of nozzle orientation on the mixing performance. For both twin jets and triple jets, it was observed that the velocity decay rate is not sensitive to nozzle orientation. However, the spread rate was approximately 35% higher in the minor plane for each configuration. In addition, the potential core length for 3_Minor was approximately 42% shorter than Twin_Minor. Furthermore, contour plots of swirling strength, Reynolds shear stress and turbulent intensities revealed significant differences between the minor and major plane for both twin and triple jets. One-dimensional plots revealed that jets approached self-similarity at a faster rate in the major axis.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation of Three-dimensional Free Mixing of Incompressible, Turbulent, Free Jets by : Nicholas Trentacoste
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Three-dimensional Free Mixing of Incompressible, Turbulent, Free Jets written by Nicholas Trentacoste and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation of the bulk properties of turbulent, three-dimensional, incompressible, air jets issuing into a quiescent air ambient is presented. The jet orifices utilized included rectangular, elliptical, axisymmetric and triangular geometries. Experimental results of pertinent mean flow properties such as axis velocity decay, half-width growth, etc., are reported. The flow fields of such jets are found to be characterized by three distinct regions in the axis velocity decay. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that low-speed jets which originate from non-axisymmetric orifices decay to axisymmetry far downstream of the jet exit. (Author).
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emerging Trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering by : Xianguo Li
Download or read book Emerging Trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering written by Xianguo Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (ICETMIE 2022). It covers the latest trends in the area of mechanical engineering. The broad topics covered in the book are engineering design, industrial and production engineering, Industry 4.0, energy and process engineering, mechatronics, control and robotics, material science, and automotive engineering. The book is useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in the various areas of mechanical engineering.
Book Synopsis An Overview of Heat Transfer Phenomena by : Salim Newaz Kazi
Download or read book An Overview of Heat Transfer Phenomena written by Salim Newaz Kazi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of energy crisis due to rapid growth of industries, urbanization, transportation, and human habit, the efficient transfer of heat could play a vital role in energy saving. Industries, household requirements, offices, transportation are all dependent on heat exchanging equipment. Considering these, the present book has incorporated different sections related to general aspects of heat transfer phenomena, convective heat transfer mode, boiling and condensation, heat transfer to two phase flow and heat transfer augmentation by different means.
