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Effect Of Active Surveillance Intervention On Incidence Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Mrsa Infections In Surgical Intensive Care Unit
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Book Synopsis Effect of Active Surveillance Intervention on Incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infections in Surgical Intensive Care Unit by : 陳貞蓉
Download or read book Effect of Active Surveillance Intervention on Incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infections in Surgical Intensive Care Unit written by 陳貞蓉 and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :U. S. Department Human Services Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781491256442 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (564 download)
Book Synopsis Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) by : U. S. Department Human Services
Download or read book Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) written by U. S. Department Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a clinically relevant human pathogen more than five decades ago. The virulent bacterium was first detected in hospitals and other health care facilities where vulnerable hosts, frequent exposure to the selective pressure of intensive antimicrobial therapy, and the necessity for invasive procedures created a favorable environment for dissemination. MRSA emerged as an important cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly central line-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infection (SSI). Despite the adoption of infection-control measures, the incidence of MRSA infection at most U.S. hospitals steadily increased for many years, but it is now decreasing. While the decrease in the incidence of MRSA infection may be due to efforts to screen for MRSA carriage, it may also be due to secular trends (such as efforts to improve patient safety) and to confounders (such as efforts to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics and to decrease healthcare-associated infections in general, including catheter-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and SSI). A number of analyses suggest that MRSA infections are associated with increased mortality and cost of care when compared with those due to strains that are susceptible to methicillin. Even the availability of newer pharmaceutical agents with specific activity against MRSA has not ameliorated the challenge of caring for patients with MRSA. The widespread use of these agents has been limited, in part due to toxicity, cost, and uncertainty as to optimal indications. The management and control of MRSA have been further complicated by dramatic changes in the epidemiology of transmission and infection observed over the past two decades. Specifically, S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin, once exclusively linked to hospital care, have increasingly been detected among patients in the community who lack conventional risk factors for MRSA infection. Community-acquired MRSA has been linked to outbreaks of infection in hospitals and health care facilities. Conventional strategies for the control of MRSA have focused on the prevention of spread from patient to patient. The effectiveness of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of MRSA has been demonstrated in observational studies in which hand hygiene promotion campaigns were associated with subsequent reductions in the incidence of MRSA among hospitalized patients. While hand hygiene remains important in the effort to control MRSA transmission, the continued spread of the pathogen after its initial introduction in most facilities has prompted efforts to identify additional strategies. The use of contact isolation-including the donning of gowns and gloves when interacting with patients colonized or infected with MRSA and the assignment of such patients to single rooms or to a room with a group of affected patients-has been widely promoted and adopted. Such isolation precautions now are the centerpiece of most authoritative guidelines for MRSA control. Despite the broad consensus associated with the use of contact isolation for MRSA prevention, the specific evidence in support of this practice remains limited and indirect. The objective of this review was to synthesize comparative studies that examined the benefits or harms of screening for MRSA carriage in the inpatient or outpatient settings. The review examined MRSA-screening strategies applied to all hospitalized or ambulatory patients, as well as screening strategies applied to selected inpatient or outpatient populations, and compared them with no screening or with screening of selected patient populations. The review evaluated MRSA-screening strategies that included screening with or without isolation and with or without attempted eradication/decolonization.
Book Synopsis Practical Healthcare Epidemiology by : Ebbing Lautenbach
Download or read book Practical Healthcare Epidemiology written by Ebbing Lautenbach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear, hands-on outline of best practices for infection prevention that directly improve patient outcomes across the healthcare continuum.
Book Synopsis Summary of Publications by : Alma LaVoy Wilson
Download or read book Summary of Publications written by Alma LaVoy Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Active Surveillance on Reducing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Bacteremia Rates Within the Scripps Health Organization (2007-2010) by : Lucia Pasqualina Camperlengo
Download or read book The Effect of Active Surveillance on Reducing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Bacteremia Rates Within the Scripps Health Organization (2007-2010) written by Lucia Pasqualina Camperlengo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRSA continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality among inpatients. Blood stream infections (BSIs) are one of the most serious nosocomial complications, are relatively easy to diagnose and are a marker for the spread of other resistant organisms between hospitalized patients. In 2008, a law (SB1058) was passed that directed hospitals towards active surveillance of MRSA in an attempt to decrease rates of transmission. The law states that hospitals must screen high risk patients for MRSA colonization within 24 hours of admission. This retrospective study aims to determine whether the rate of MRSA BSIs has significantly decreased within the Scripps Health Organization in conjunction with this legislation. Positive MRSA bacteremia cultures were collected from five Scripps campuses (2007-2010, N=427) and subsequently classified as hospital- or community-associated. Student T tests and Chi-square tests were used to determine statistical differences between pre-legislation and post-legislation rates. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify predictors for MRSA infection. Analysis revealed that while overall there was a reduction in community-associated MRSA bacteremia rates, there was not a significant reduction in hospital-associated MRSA bacteremia rates. These findings suggest that active surveillance of high risk patients has not clearly succeeded in reducing the nosocomial spread of MRSA but may help direct antibiotic choices for new hospital admissions and prevent the development of BSI in these patients. Results from this study may be useful to inform legislative action, as well as the development of more effective control interventions.
Book Synopsis Mayhall’s Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention by : David Weber
Download or read book Mayhall’s Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention written by David Weber and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 1787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth edition of Mayhall’s Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention has a new streamlined focus, with new editors and contributors, a new two-color format, and a new title. Continuing the legacy of excellence established by Dr. C. Glen Mayhall, this thoroughly revised text covers all aspects of healthcare-associated infections and their prevention and remains the most comprehensive reference available in this complex field. It examines every type of healthcare-associated (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare personnel, providing unparalleled coverage for hospital epidemiologists and infectious disease specialists.
Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care provide health-care workers (HCWs), hospital administrators and health authorities with a thorough review of evidence on hand hygiene in health care and specific recommendations to improve practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and HCWs. The present Guidelines are intended to be implemented in any situation in which health care is delivered either to a patient or to a specific group in a population. Therefore, this concept applies to all settings where health care is permanently or occasionally performed, such as home care by birth attendants. Definitions of health-care settings are proposed in Appendix 1. These Guidelines and the associated WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy and an Implementation Toolkit (http://www.who.int/gpsc/en/) are designed to offer health-care facilities in Member States a conceptual framework and practical tools for the application of recommendations in practice at the bedside. While ensuring consistency with the Guidelines recommendations, individual adaptation according to local regulations, settings, needs, and resources is desirable. This extensive review includes in one document sufficient technical information to support training materials and help plan implementation strategies. The document comprises six parts.
Book Synopsis Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract (SDD) by : Hans Rommes
Download or read book Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract (SDD) written by Hans Rommes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the basic concepts of Selective Decontamination of the Digestive tract (SDD) to help those involved in treating critically ill patients to improve outcomes and the quality of care. SDD has led to major changes in our understanding, the treatment and prevention of infections in critically ill patients over the past 40 years. It is the most studied intervention in intensive care medicine and is the subject of 73 randomized controlled trials, including over 15000 patients and 15 meta-analyses. SDD reduces morbidity and mortality, is cost-effective and safe as SDD does not increase antimicrobial resistance. Correct application of the SDD strategy enables ICU teams to control infections – even in ICUs with endemic antibiotic resistant microorganisms such as methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Describing the concept and application of SDD, and presenting case studies and microbiological flow charts, this practical guide will appeal to intensivists, critical care practitioners, junior doctors, microbiologists and ICU-nurses as well as infection control specialists and pharmacists.
Book Synopsis Surgical Intensive Care Medicine by : John M. O'Donnell
Download or read book Surgical Intensive Care Medicine written by John M. O'Donnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-18 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are honored to present the second edition of Surgical Intensive Care Medicine. Our first edition was considered to be an important contribution to the critical care literature and received excellent reviews from Critical Care Medicine, Chest, and Anesthesiology. In the second edition, the basic organization of the book remains unchanged, being composed of 60 carefully selected chapters divided into 11 sections. The book begins with general topics in primary intensive care, such as airway management and vascular cannulation, followed by categories based on medical and surgical subspecialties. While the chapters discuss definitions, pathophysiology, clinical course, complications, and prognosis, the primary emphasis is devoted to patient management. The contents of the current edition have been comprehensively upgraded and the chapters retained from the first edition have been thoroughly updated, revised, or rewritten. In this second edition, some new topics have been added including Postoperative Care of the Obese Patient, Postoperative Care of the Pancreas Transplant Patient, Optimization of High-Risk Surgical Patients, Post- erative Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Ethics and End of Life Issues, Improving the ICU, and Continuous Medical Education in Intensive Care Medicine. We are extremely fortunate to have high-quality contributors, many of whom are nationally and internationally recognized researchers, speakers, and practitioners in Cri- cal Care Medicine. An important feature of this latest edition is the geographical diversity of its authors. Most are based in the United States, but colleagues from Canada, England, Ireland, Germany, Belgium, Holland, France, Italy, Portugal, and Australia have also made notable contributions.
Book Synopsis Guidelines on Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programmes at the National and Acute Health Care Facility Level by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Guidelines on Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programmes at the National and Acute Health Care Facility Level written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health care-associated infections (HAI) are one of the most common adverse events in care delivery and a major public health problem with an impact on morbidity, mortality and quality of life. At any one time, up to 7% of patients in developed and 10% in developing countries will acquire at least one HAI. These infections also present a significant economic burden at the societal level. However, a large percentage are preventable through effective infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. These new guidelines on the core components of IPC programmes at the national and facility level will enhance the capacity of Member States to develop and implement effective technical and behaviour modifying interventions. They form a key part of WHO strategies to prevent current and future threats from infectious diseases such as Ebola, strengthen health service resilience, help combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and improve the overall quality of health care delivery. They are also intended to support countries in the development of their own national protocols for IPC and AMR action plans and to support health care facilities as they develop or strengthen their own approaches to IPC. These are the first international evidence-based guidelines on the core components of IPC programmes. These new WHO guidelines are applicable for any country and suitable to local adaptations, and take account of the strength of available scientific evidence, the cost and resource implications, and patient values and preferences.
Book Synopsis Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship,An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America by : Shaefer Spires
Download or read book Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship,An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America written by Shaefer Spires and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together with Consulting Editor Dr. Helen Boucher, Drs. Elizabeth Dodds-Ashley and S. Schaefer Spires have put together a unique issue that discusses collaborative antimicrobial stewardship. Expert authors have contributed clinical review articles on the following topics: Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship for Hospitalists; Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship in Microbiology; Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship in Nursing; Infection Prevention in Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship; Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Health Department; Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship in Primary Care; Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship in Health System Administration; Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship for Surgeons; Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Emergency Department; and Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship in Long-Term Care Facilities. Readers will come away with the information they need to collaborate across disciplines to improve the incidence of antibiotic resistance in their healthcare settings.
Author :U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Publisher :CreateSpace ISBN 13 :9781492789642 Total Pages :72 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (896 download)
Book Synopsis Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) by : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Download or read book Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-09-22 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a clinically relevant human pathogen more than 5 decades ago. The virulent bacterium was first detected in hospitals and other health care facilities where vulnerable hosts, frequent exposure to the selective pressure of intensive antimicrobial therapy, and the necessity for invasive procedures created a favorable environment for dissemination. MRSA emerged as an important cause of health care-acquired infections, particularly central line-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infection. Despite the adoption of infection control measures, the incidence of MRSA infection at most hospitals in the U.S. steadily increased for many years, but is now decreasing. Routine clinical cultures may miss a large portion of patients who are silent carriers of these organisms and serve as reservoirs for further transmission. More aggressive measures have been sought to check the spread of this particularly virulent pathogen. Active surveillance screening for MRSA is receiving greater attention for its potential value in identifying carriers of MRSA to prevent further transmission. To identify the population of colonized individuals, microbiological samples are obtained from at-risk patients even in the absence of signs or symptoms of infection. The screening strategy may use a testing modality with a rapid turnaround time. Because screening alone is not expected to affect health outcomes, screening strategies may include screening with or without isolation and with or without attempted decolonization or eradication. A Comparative Effectiveness Review was prepared by the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association Technology Evaluation Center Evidence-based Practice Center on Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The objective of the review was to synthesize comparative studies that examined the benefits or harms of screening for MRSA carriage in the inpatient or outpatient settings. The review examined MRSA-screening strategies applied to all hospitalized or ambulatory patients (universal screening), as well as screening strategies applied to selected inpatient or outpatient populations (e.g., patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), patients admitted for a surgical procedure, or patients at high-risk of MRSA colonization or infection such those on prolonged antibiotic therapy) and compared them to no screening or to screening of selected patient populations (targeted screening). The review evaluated MRSA-screening strategies with or without isolation and with or without attempted eradication/decolonization. The review identified a number of limitations in the evidence that prevents precise estimates of the comparative effectiveness of screening for MRSA-carriage on infection rates, morbidity and mortality. Insufficient numbers of patients were enrolled in studies to be adequately powered to detect the effect of screening for MRSA-carriage compared with no screening or to screening of selected patient populations on morbidity and mortality. Studies failed to take a more uniform approach to the testing strategy used, address test turn-around time, or account for the management of patients before screening test results are known. The existing evidence failed to quantify and account for the potential bias introduced by secular trends that may contribute to variation in the incidence of infectious diseases over time. The evidence failed to account for the influence of concomitant infection prevention strategies and treatment interventions or staff compliance with them. Lacking such a standard, a maximally transparent approach to reporting interventions and potential confounders would be absolutely critical.
Book Synopsis Bacterial Infections and Mycoses—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :
Download or read book Bacterial Infections and Mycoses—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Infections and Mycoses—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Bacterial Infections and Mycoses. The editors have built Bacterial Infections and Mycoses—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Bacterial Infections and Mycoses in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Bacterial Infections and Mycoses—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Antiseptic Stewardship by : Günter Kampf
Download or read book Antiseptic Stewardship written by Günter Kampf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-10-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated and expanded second edition of Antiseptic Stewardship serves as a comprehensive reference guide to common biocidal active substances and antiseptic agents, examining their antimicrobial efficacy and potential to induce cell tolerance, including cross-tolerance to other biocidal agents, as well as cross-resistance to antibiotics. In addition, the book discusses the appropriate and targeted use of biocidal active substances by balancing their expected health benefits against the likelihood of clinically relevant resistance, including misuse and overuse of some products during the COVID-19 pandemic. This guide, which focuses on human, veterinary and household products, helps readers make informed decisions about disinfectants and antiseptic products based on their composition. Various biocidal active substances and antiseptic agents are used for disinfection and antisepsis in healthcare, veterinary medicine, animal production and household products. However, not all of them provide significant health benefits, especially for some products used in human medicine. Antimicrobial soaps, surface disinfectants, instrument disinfectants and wound antiseptics may contain one or more biocidal active ingredients with comparable antimicrobial efficacy, but with large differences in their potential for microbial adaptation and tolerance. Increased bacterial tolerance has been described for several biocidal active substances and antiseptics, sometimes including cross-resistance to antibiotics. The book is therefore intended to help reduce unnecessary selection pressure on emerging pathogens, including by describing non-biocidal alternatives for specific antimicrobial applications, with the aim of retaining the powerful biocidal agents and antiseptics for those applications where there is a clear health benefit (e.g. reduction of healthcare-associated infections). The book addresses healthcare, industrial and veterinary professionals as well as educated laypersons interested in efficient and controlled disinfection strategies.
Book Synopsis Surgical Site Infection by : Andrew Welsh
Download or read book Surgical Site Infection written by Andrew Welsh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infections that occur in the wound created by an invasive surgical procedure are generally referred to as surgical site infections (SSIs). SSIs are one of the most important causes of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). A prevalence survey undertaken in 2006 suggested that approximately 8% of patients in hospital in the UK have an HCAI. SSIs accounted for 14% of these infections and nearly 5% of patients who had undergone a surgical procedure were found to have developed an SSI. However, prevalence studies tend to underestimate SSI because many of these infections occur after the patient has been discharged from hospital. SSIs are associated with considerable morbidity and it has been reported that over one-third of postoperative deaths are related, at least in part, to SSI. However, it is important to recognise that SSIs can range from a relatively trivial wound discharge with no other complications to a life-threatening condition. Other clinical outcomes of SSIs include poor scars that are cosmetically unacceptable, such as those that are spreading, hypertrophic or keloid, persistent pain and itching, restriction of movement, particularly when over joints, and a significant impact on emotional wellbeing. SSI can double the length of time a patient stays in hospital and thereby increase the costs of health care. Additional costs attributable to SSI of between £814 and £6626 have been reported depending on the type of surgery and the severity of the infection. The main additional costs are related to re-operation, extra nursing care and interventions, and drug treatment costs. The indirect costs, due to loss of productivity, patient dissatisfaction and litigation, and reduced quality of life, have been studied less extensively.
Book Synopsis Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control by : C. Glen Mayhall
Download or read book Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control written by C. Glen Mayhall and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 5027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, this highly acclaimed volume is the most comprehensive reference on hospital epidemiology and infection control. Written by over 150 leading experts, this new edition examines every type of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare workers. This new edition features new or significantly increased coverage of emerging infectious diseases, avian influenza, governmental regulation of infection control and payment practices related to hospital-acquired infections, molecular epidemiology, the increasing prevalence of community-acquired MRSA in healthcare facilities, system-wide infection control provisions for healthcare systems, hospital infection control issues following natural disasters, and antimicrobial stewardship in reducing the development of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.
Book Synopsis Manual of Infection Control Procedures by : N. N. Damani
Download or read book Manual of Infection Control Procedures written by N. N. Damani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of the main aspects of infection control, and gives practical, evidence-based recommendations.
