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Author : Robert A. J. Dur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)
Download or read book Education and Efficient Redistribution written by Robert A. J. Dur and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert A. J. Dur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (535 download)
Download or read book Education Aand Efficient Redistribution written by Robert A. J. Dur and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Education & Efficient Redistribution written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mark Gradstein
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262262880
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (628 download)
Download or read book The Political Economy of Education written by Mark Gradstein and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-10-22 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical framework for analyzing the complex relationship of education, growth, and income distribution. The dominant role played by the state in the financing, regulation, and provision of primary and secondary education reflects the widely-held belief that education is necessary for personal and societal well-being. The economic organization of education depends on political as well as market mechanisms to resolve issues that arise because of contrasting views on such matters as income inequality, social mobility, and diversity. This book provides the theoretical framework necessary for understanding the political economy of education—the complex relationship of education, economic growth, and income distribution—and for formulating effective policies to improve the financing and provision of education. The relatively simple models developed illustrate the use of analytical tools for understanding central policy issues. After offering a historical overview of the development of public education and a review of current econometric evidence on education, growth, and income distribution, the authors lay the theoretical groundwork for the main body of analysis. First they develop a basic static model of how political decisions determine education spending; then they extend this model dynamically. Applying this framework to a comparison of education financing under different regimes, the authors explore fiscal decentralization; individual choice between public and private schooling, including the use of education vouchers to combine public financing of education with private provision; and the social dimension of education—its role in state-building, the traditional "melting pot" that promotes cohesion in a culturally diverse society.
Author : Roland Benabou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (6 download)
Download or read book Tax and Education Policy in a Heterogeneous Agent Economy written by Roland Benabou and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the effects of progressive income taxes and education finance in a dynamic heterogeneous agent economy. Such redistributive policies entail distortions to labor supply and savings, but also serve as partial substitutes for missing credit and insurance markets. The resulting tradeoffs for growth and efficiency are explored, both theoretically and quantitatively, in a model which yields complete analytical solutions. Progressive education finance always leads to higher income growth than taxes and transfers, but at the cost of lower insurance. Overall efficiency is assessed using a new measure which properly reflects aggregate resources and idiosyncratic risks but, unlike a standard social welfare function, does not reward equality per se. Simulations using empirical parameter estimates show that the efficiency costs and benefits of redistribution are generally of the same order of magnitude, resulting in reasonable values for the optimal rates. Aggregate income and aggregate welfare provide only very crude lower and upper bounds around the true efficiency tradeoff.
Author : Roland Bénabou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Tax and Education Policy in a Heterogeneous-Agent Economy written by Roland Bénabou and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the effects of progressive income taxes and education finance in a dynamic heterogeneous-agent economy. Such redistributive policies entail distortions to labor supply and savings, but also serve as partial substitutes for missing credit and insurance markets. The resulting tradeoffs for growth and efficiency are explored, both theoretically and quantitatively, in a model that yields complete analytical solutions. Progressive education finance always leads to higher income growth than taxes and transfers, but at the cost of lower insurance. Overall efficiency is assessed using a new measure that properly reflects aggregate resources and idiosyncratic risks but, unlike a standard social welfare function, does not reward equality per se. Simulations using empirical parameter estimates show that the efficiency costs and benefits of redistribution are generally of the same order of magnitude, resulting in plausible values for the optimal rates. Aggregate income and aggregate welfare provide only crude lower and upper bounds around the true efficiency tradeoff.
Author : Eric Alan Hanushek
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)
Download or read book Redistribution Through Education and Other Transfer Mechanisms written by Eric Alan Hanushek and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Educational subsidies are frequently justified as a method of altering the income distribution. It is thus natural to compare education to other tax-transfer schemes designed to achieve distributional objectives. While equity-efficiency trade-offs are frequently discussed, they are rarely explicitly treated. This paper creates a general equilibrium model of school attendance, labor supply, wage determination, and aggregate production, which is used to compare alternative redistribution devices in terms of both deadweight loss and distributional outcomes. A wage subidy generally dominates tuition subsidies in ex ante (or 'opportunity') calculations, but this reverses in ex post (or 'realized') calculations. Both are generally superior to a negative income tax. With externalities in production, however, there is an unambiguous role for governmental subsidy of education, because it both raises GDP and creates a more equal income distribution
Author : Roland Benabou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Education, Income Distribution, and Growth written by Roland Benabou and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a simple model of human capital accumulation and community formation by heterogeneous families, which provides an integrated framework for analyzing the local determinants of inequality and growth. Five main conclusions emerge. First, minor differences in education technologies, preferences, or wealth can lead to a high degree of stratification. Imperfect capital markets are not necessary, but will compound these other sources. Second, stratification makes inequality in education and income more persistent across generations. Whether or not the same is true of inequality in total wealth depends on the ability of the rich to appropriate the rents created by their secession. Third, the polarization of urban areas resulting from individual residential decisions can be quite inefficient, both from the point of view of aggregate growth and in the Pareto sense, especially in the long run. Fourth, when state-wide equalization of school expenditures is insufficient to reduce stratification, it may improve educational achievement in poor communities much less than it lowers it in richer communities; thus average academic performance and income growth both fall. Yet it may still be possible for education policy to improve both equity and efficiency. Fifth, because of the cumulative nature of the stratification process, it is likely to be much harder to reverse once it has run its course than to arrest it at an early stage.
Author : Jere R. Behrman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (397 download)
Download or read book The wealth model written by Jere R. Behrman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484397657
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth written by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fund has recognized in recent years that one cannot separate issues of economic growth and stability on one hand and equality on the other. Indeed, there is a strong case for considering inequality and an inability to sustain economic growth as two sides of the same coin. Central to the Fund’s mandate is providing advice that will enable members’ economies to grow on a sustained basis. But the Fund has rightly been cautious about recommending the use of redistributive policies given that such policies may themselves undercut economic efficiency and the prospects for sustained growth (the so-called “leaky bucket” hypothesis written about by the famous Yale economist Arthur Okun in the 1970s). This SDN follows up the previous SDN on inequality and growth by focusing on the role of redistribution. It finds that, from the perspective of the best available macroeconomic data, there is not a lot of evidence that redistribution has in fact undercut economic growth (except in extreme cases). One should be careful not to assume therefore—as Okun and others have—that there is a big tradeoff between redistribution and growth. The best available macroeconomic data do not support such a conclusion.
Author : Caroline M. Hoxby
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226355349
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)
Download or read book The Economics of School Choice written by Caroline M. Hoxby and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now that the U.S. Supreme Court has declared school voucher programs constitutional, the many unanswered questions concerning the potential effects of school choice will become especially pressing. Contributors to this volume draw on state-of-the-art economic methods to answer some of these questions, investigating the ways in which school choice affects a wide range of issues. Combining the results of empirical research with analyses of the basic economic forces underlying local education markets, The Economics of School Choice presents evidence concerning the impact of school choice on student achievement, school productivity, teachers, and special education. It also tackles difficult questions such as whether school choice affects where people decide to live and how choice can be integrated into a system of school financing that gives children from different backgrounds equal access to resources. Contributors discuss the latest findings on Florida's school choice program as well as voucher programs and charter schools in several other states. The resulting volume not only reveals the promise of school choice, but examines its pitfalls as well, showing how programs can be designed that exploit the idea's potential but avoid its worst effects. With school choice programs gradually becoming both more possible and more popular, this book stands out as an essential exploration of the effects such programs will have, and a necessary resource for anyone interested in the idea of school choice.
Author : Paul Taubman
Publisher : Addison Wesley Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780201083620
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (836 download)
Download or read book Income Distribution and Redistribution written by Paul Taubman and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1978 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ary Lans Bovenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)
Download or read book Redistribution and Education Subsidies are Siamese Twins written by Ary Lans Bovenberg and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Salvatore Barbaro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540285156
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Equity and Efficiency Considerations of Public Higher Education written by Salvatore Barbaro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-16 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become part of the conventional wisdom in the economics of education that subsidies to higher education have a regressive distributional effect. Given that relatively more children from wealthier families enroll in higher education, many economist assume that these subsidies to higher education have an unwanted distributional impact. This volume presents new empirical evidence for the cross-sectional point of view and provides an analytical framework for the longitudinal perspective. The present volume also analyzes the equity and efficiency effects of widely-discussed funding reforms and proposes a voluntary graduate tax.
Author : Gilat Levy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Public Education for the Minority, Private Education for the Majority written by Gilat Levy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public provision of private goods such as education is usually viewed as a form of redistribution in kind. However, does it arise when income redistribution is feasible as well? In this paper I analyse a two-dimensional model of political decision making. Society has to choose both the tax rate and the allocation of the revenues between income redistribution and public provision of education. The political process that I analyse involves endogenous parties. Parties have a unique role in the model; I assume that parties increase the commitment ability of politicians and, as a result, increase the ability of different groups in society to compromise with one another. I find that public provision of education arises as an anti-majoritarian outcome; public provision of education arises only when those who benefit from education, e.g., voters with children, are a minority. The reason is that when education is consumed only by a minority, such redistribution in kind is 'cheap' relative to universal income redistribution, i.e., it can be effectively provided even with low taxes. Public provision of education arises then as a political compromise offered by the party of the poor who benefit from education and the rich voters who prefer low taxes. Thus, when those who benefit from education are a minority, it is publicly provided. When those who benefit from education are a majority, they have to buy private education, since there is no public provision of this good.
Author : Debasis Bandyopadhyay
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Optimal Progressivity of Redistribution with Frictions to Knowledge Diffusion written by Debasis Bandyopadhyay and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benabou (2002) strengthens the so-called Efficient Redistribution Hypothesis (ERH) by demonstrating how income redistribution can promote growth and welfare by mitigating economic waste from resource misallocation that is caused by credit market frictions to production, which is subject to diminishing returns. We ask how the presence of knowledge externality in private education technology and social frictions resisting knowledge diffusion changes the optimal progressivity. In the model, the distribution of human capital of the parent's generation determines the stock of nonrival knowledge through a process of diffusion which is subject to communication frictions. The output cost of inequality and the optimal progressivity increase with the degree of knowledge externality and hence with social returns to education, if and only if, frictions to diffusion outweigh frictions to production. If the inequality augmenting neighborhood effect of parental human capital is relatively large, compared to the inequality mitigating impact of the economy's stock of nonrival knowledge, then the ERH fails with low communication frictions. However, if frictions and social returns to education are large, irrespective of its local or global origin, then even with endogenous growth led by constant returns to capital, the ERH survives.
Author : Mr.Alberto Alesina
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 145185885X
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Redistribution Through Public Employment written by Mr.Alberto Alesina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-12-01 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the regional distribution of public employment in Italy and documents two sets of facts. The first is the use of public employment as a subsidy from the North to the less wealthy South. We calculate that about half of the wage bill in the South of Italy can be identified as a subsidy, with both the size of public employment and wage levels used as a redistributive device. The second set of facts concerns the negative effects of subsidized public employment on individuals’ attitudes toward job search, education, and “risk-taking” activities. We conclude that heavy reliance on public employment distorts incentives and discourages the development of market activities in the South.
