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Economies Of Scale And The Operating Efficiency Of Reits
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Book Synopsis Economies of Scale and the Operating Efficiency of REITs by : Michael J. Highfield
Download or read book Economies of Scale and the Operating Efficiency of REITs written by Michael J. Highfield and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on past research regarding the operating efficiency of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and recognizing the substantial changes in this industry since the turn of the millennium, we examine REIT efficiency over the period 2001-2015. Using both time-varying stochastic frontier and linear models of costs, revenues, and performance measures, we find evidence showing that the REIT industry is slowly moving away from both cost and revenue efficiency over time; however, size remains positively correlated with efficiency. Despite the rapid expansion of asset sizes and evidence of diminishing efficiencies of scale, larger REITs still enjoy comparative advantages over smaller REITs in both revenue (production) and costs. We also find evidence that post-recession efficiencies exceed pre-recession efficiencies, and we document modest evidence of the “weeding-out” of inefficient enterprises during the market downturn. The results suggest, through a diverse set of measures, that additional efficiency opportunities for REITs may be achievable through continued growth and consolidation.
Book Synopsis Operating Efficiencies in Real Estate by : Randy I. Anderson
Download or read book Operating Efficiencies in Real Estate written by Randy I. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the real estate brokerage and the real estate investment trusts (REIT) industries have experienced dramatic structural and institutional changes in the last few years. These changes have brought the issue of operating efficiencies to the forefront. In this article, we summarize and critically review the operating efficiency literature for the real estate industry. In particular, we focus on X-efficiency, economies of scale and economies of scope for the real estate brokerage services market and for REITs. In addition, we attempt to identify future research paths that may extend and improve the current literature on real estate managerial efficiencies.
Book Synopsis Real Estate Investment Trust Performance, Efficiency and Internationalization by : Joshua A. Harris
Download or read book Real Estate Investment Trust Performance, Efficiency and Internationalization written by Joshua A. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are firms that own and manage income producing commercial real estate for the benefit of their shareholders. The three studies in this dissertation explore topics relating to best practices of REIT management and portfolio composition. Managers and investors can use the findings herein to aide in analyzing a REIT's performance and determining optimal investment policies. Utilizing REIT from SNL Real Estate and CRSP, the first two studies examine the role of international diversification upon performance, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. The third study utilizes REIT data to examine technical and scale efficiency over a 21 year window and investigates characteristics of the REITs that affect the levels of efficiency. CHAPTER 1--PROFITABILITY OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST INTERNATIONALIZATION Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the United States have grown extremely fast in terms of assets and market capitalization since the early 1990's. As with many industries, U.S. REITs began acquiring foreign properties as their size grew and they needed to seek new investment opportunities. This paper investigates the role of holding foreign assets upon the total return of U.S. based REITs from 1995 through 2010. We find that holding foreign properties in associated with negative relative performance when risk, size, and other common market factors are controlled for. Interestingly, the source of the negative performance is not related to the two largest areas for foreign investment, Europe and Canada. Instead, the negative performance is detected when a REIT begins acquiring properties in other global regions such as Latin America and Asia/Pacific. This paper has broad ramifications for REIT investors and managers alike. CHAPTER 2--EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY U.S. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS ON COST EFFICIENCY AND SCALE As U.S. based Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) have increased their degree and type of holdings overseas, there has yet to a study that has investigated such activity on the REIT's measures of cost efficiency and scale. Using data from 2010, Data Envelopment Analysis techniques are used to estimate measures of technical and scale efficiency that are then regressed against measures of international diversification and other controls to measure the impact of this global expansion. It is determined that REITs with foreign holdings are significantly larger than domestic REITs and are correspondingly 96% of foreign investing REITs are operating at decreasing returns to scale. Further almost every measure of foreign diversification is negative and significantly impacting scale efficiency. However, simply being a REIT with foreign holdings did positively and significantly associate with higher levels of technical efficiencies. Thus REITs that expand globally may have some advantages in operational efficiency but lose considerably in terms of scale efficiency by increasing their size as they move cross-border. CHAPTER 3--THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to measure technical and scale efficiency of 21 years of Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) data. This is the longest, most complete dataset ever analyzed in the REIT efficiency literature and as such makes a significant contribution as prior efficiency studies' data windows end in the early 2000's at latest. Overall, REITs appear to continue to operate at decreasing returns to scale despite rapid growth in total assets. Further, there is some evidence of improving technical efficiency overtime; however the finding is not strong. In summation, it appears that REITs have not improved on a relative basis despite the rapid growth, a finding that suggests a potential of a high degree of firm competition in the REIT industry. Finally, firm characteristics such as debt utilization, management and advisory structure, and property type specialization are tested for their impact upon technical and scale efficiency.
Book Synopsis Real Estate Investment Trusts by : Su Han Chan
Download or read book Real Estate Investment Trusts written by Su Han Chan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-11-07 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers broad understanding and unique insights into the REITs industry. Its scope is to analyze and synthesize the existing scholarly research on REITs in a way that will enable managers to improve their investments decisions and the operating performance of their REITs. It also provides up-to-date original research on REITs based on the authors' own database, which is the most extensive data base available on REITs that is free of suvivorship bias. This book helps investors evaluate REITs and identify those with the greatest investment potential. Finally, it provides the reader with a detailed discussion of likely future changes anticipated for this unique invetment vehicle.
Book Synopsis Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) Efficiency: DEA Approach (UUM Press) by : Siti Latipah
Download or read book Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) Efficiency: DEA Approach (UUM Press) written by Siti Latipah and published by UUM Press. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to explain the concepts, issues and method used in measuring efficiency of REITs in Malaysia. Real Estate Investment Trust is a type of investment trust focusing on Real Estate. The best examples of Real Estate are building, office, land and plantations. Therefore, many people including operator, customer, regulator, academicians, university’s students and community as a whole will benefit from it. Its guide readers through the importance of measuring efficiency of REITs and help them in making investment decision. This book had been developing to help people to understand and explain the issue as well as the development of REITs in Malaysia.
Book Synopsis Logistic Real Estate Investment and REITs in Europe by : Gianluca Mattarocci
Download or read book Logistic Real Estate Investment and REITs in Europe written by Gianluca Mattarocci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete analysis of the logistic market, with a special focus on performance and risk characteristics, demand and supply, and diversification strategy. The authors offer cutting-edge research and detailed case studies from countries in Europe, evaluating the market features of the logistic sector and its differences to alternative types of real estate assets. With its comprehensive overview of the logistic market, both academics and practitioners will find this an engaging study, as well as those generally wishing to gain knowledge about investing in this segment of the real estate industry.
Book Synopsis Efficiency, Scale Economies, and the Risk/Return Performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts by : Michael Devaney
Download or read book Efficiency, Scale Economies, and the Risk/Return Performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts written by Michael Devaney and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimates from a directional output distance function are used to construct a risk/return frontier that defines the best-practice management technology for Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). We model REIT performance as a production process in which each REIT produces a desirable output (return) and an undesirable output (risk) using inputs of managerial effort and financial capital. The results suggest that ignoring the effects of risk yields a management technology that is significantly different from one that incorporates risk. In addition, market valuation is inversely related to inefficiency and directly related to leverage.
Author :Su Han Chan Publisher :Financial Management Association Survey and Synthesis ISBN 13 :0195155343 Total Pages :318 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (951 download)
Book Synopsis Real Estate Investment Trusts by : Su Han Chan
Download or read book Real Estate Investment Trusts written by Su Han Chan and published by Financial Management Association Survey and Synthesis. This book was released on 2003 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides the investing public, real estate practitioners, regulators and real estate and finance academics with up-to-date information on what modern scholarly research tells us about Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). REITs are credited to allow institutional and individual investors to invest in real estate via a corporate entity. The increasing interest in REITs as indicated by their growth in market capitalization and institutional holdings in the United States and around the world suggests that REITs are becoming an increasingly important part of investors' diversified portfolio.
Book Synopsis Educated REIT Investing by : Stephanie Krewson-Kelly
Download or read book Educated REIT Investing written by Stephanie Krewson-Kelly and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to invest in REITs with confidence and skill with this powerful resource Educated REIT Investing is the ultimate resource for investors, financial advisors, and students interested in learning how to invest in real estate investment trusts (REITs)—one of the only asset classes to significantly outperform the S&P 500 Index over the last 25 years. Written by Stephanie Krewson-Kelly and Glenn R. Mueller, PhD., both accomplished REIT authors and investors with six decades of accumulated industry experience between them, Educated REIT Investing provides all the basics and history, then blends pragmatic strategies and advice with a thorough exploration of the fundamentals and nuances of the REIT industry. Topics include: Basic information about REITs and the REITs industry Terminology specific to the REIT industry, explained in plain-English Historical REIT industry performance tables and trading perspectives Analysis and equations needed to calculate key metrics used to identify the suitability of companies for investment purposes, illustrated with simple examples This book is perfect for anyone looking for a straightforward, easy-to-understand resource to establish or improve their understanding and analysis of real-estate investment trusts.
Book Synopsis The Intelligent REIT Investor by : Stephanie Krewson-Kelly
Download or read book The Intelligent REIT Investor written by Stephanie Krewson-Kelly and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The go-to guide for smart REIT investing The Intelligent REIT Investor is the definitive guide to real estate investment trusts, providing a clear, concise resource for individual investors, financial planners, and analysts—anyone who prioritizes dividend income and risk management as major components to wealth-building. The REIT industry experienced a watershed event when Standard & Poors created a new Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) sector called Real Estate. Publicly traded equity REITs have been removed from Financials, where they have been classified since their creation in 1960, and have begun trading as their own S&P Sector. This separation from banks and financial institutions has attracted new investors, but REITs require an industry-specific knowledge that is neither intuitive nor readily accessible to newcomers—until now. Using straightforward language and simple example to illustrate important concepts, this book will enable any reader to quickly learn and understand the lexicon and valuation techniques used in REIT investing, providing a wealth of practical resources that streamline the learning process. The discussion explains terminology, metrics, and other key points, while examples illustrate the calculations used to evaluate opportunities. A comprehensive list of publicly-traded REITs provides key reference, giving you access to an important resource most investors and stockbrokers lack. REITs are companies that own or finance commercial rental properties, such as malls and apartment buildings. Despite historically high total returns relative to other investments, such as the Nasdaq or S&P 500 index, most investors are unfamiliar with the REIT industry, and wary of investing without adequate background. This book gets you up to speed on the essentials of REIT investing so you can make more informed—and profitable—decisions. Understand REITs processes, mechanisms, and industry Calculate key metrics to identify suitable companies Access historical performance tables and industry-specific terminology Identify publicly-traded REITs quickly and easily REITs have consistently outperformed many more widely known investments. Over the past 15-year period, for example, REITs returned an average of 11% per year, better than all other asset classes. Since 2009, REITs have enjoyed positive returns; large cap stocks and cash are the only other classes that paralleled that record. Even in 2015, a 'year of fear' related to rising rates, REITs returned 2.4%, beating most all other asset classes. REITs have a long history (over fifty years) of performance, and have entered the big leagues. If you feel like you've been missing out, don't keep missing out. Prepare yourself, and your portfolio, to benefit from the demand for REITs that have followed the creation of a Real Estate GICS sector. The Intelligent REIT Investor gives you the information you need to invest wisely and manage your real estate risk effectively. By maintaining a tactical exposure in the brick and mortar asset class, investors should benefit from the information contained in The Intelligent REIT Investor. Join the REIT world and look forward to owning stocks that will help you to sleep well at night.
Book Synopsis Playing the REITs Game by : Dominic Whiting
Download or read book Playing the REITs Game written by Dominic Whiting and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Playing the REITs GAME. Asia's New real Estate Investment Trusts. A comprehensive guide to the history as well as detailing a thorough portrait of the fundamentals of the evolving REITs market in Asia. A wealth of information, this book highlights some of the winners, the losers, the shortfalls and the opportunities of this exciting and rewarding sector. It also provides an insight into the various regional markets and lists the REIT products available today. —Danny Mohr, Executive Director, REITs Asia, CB Richard Ellis REITs are fast becoming a growing force in Asia and this book explains what any investor needs to look for. Together with its well researched background to the evolution of REITs in Asia, it is also a fascinating read of industry professionals. —Guy Hollis, International Director, International Capital Group, Jones Lang LaSalle, Hong Kong A must-read for anyone interested in playing the REITs game in Asia. Well written, easy to read, comprehensive and yet concise. Case studies add color and flavor to the development of REITs in various Asian Countries. —Wen Khai Meng, Chief Executive Officer CapitaLand Commercial Limited CapitaLand Financial Limited The rapid growth of REITs has brought efficiency, liquidity and transparency to Asia's real estate markets. Dominic Whiting's book manages to capture the mood of investors and practitioners during this exciting period of change and gives a detailed blow-by-blow account of the story so far. Playing the REITs Game examines the sector from a wide variety of perspectives and will help introduce the sector to a wider audience. —Chris Reilly, CFA, Director of Property, Asia, Henderson Global Investors
Book Synopsis Econometric Analyses of International Housing Markets by : Rita Yi Man Li
Download or read book Econometric Analyses of International Housing Markets written by Rita Yi Man Li and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-31 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how econometric modelling can be used to provide valuable insight into international housing markets. Initially describing the role of econometrics modelling in real estate market research and how it has developed in recent years, the book goes on to compare and contrast the impact of various macroeconomic factors on developed and developing housing markets. Explaining the similarities and differences in the impact of financial crises on housing markets around the world, the author's econometric analysis of housing markets across the world provides a broad and nuanced perspective on the impact of both international financial markets and local macro economy on housing markets. With discussion of countries such as China, Germany, UK, US and South Africa, the lessons learned will be of interest to scholars of Real Estate economics around the world.
Book Synopsis The Complete Guide to Investing in REITs, Real Estate Investment Trusts by : Mark Gordon
Download or read book The Complete Guide to Investing in REITs, Real Estate Investment Trusts written by Mark Gordon and published by Atlantic Publishing Company. This book was released on 2008 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there are nearly 200 publicly traded real estate investment trusts (more commonly referred to as REITs) in operation in the United Sates with a combined $500 billion in assets. An estimated two-thirds of REITS are traded on national stock exchanges. A REIT is a real estate company that offers its shares to the public. By doing so, a REIT stock becomes like any other stock that represents the holder s ownership in a business. However, REITs have two distinct features: REITs manage groups of income-producing properties and must distribute 90 percent of profits as dividends. The Complete Guide to Investing in REITs will teach you everything you need to know about REITs and how you can earn high rates of return. In this book, you will learn about publicly and privately held REITs, Net Asset Value (NAV), Adjusted Funds From Operations (AFFO), Cash Available for Distribution (CAD), the benefits associated with REITS, dividend reinvestment programs (DRiPs), capitalization rate, equitization, leverage, positive spread investing, securitization, and straight-lining. You will also learn about equity, mortgage, and hybrid REITs and the more specific types, including residential, office, industrial, and retail. The Complete Guide to Investing in REITs will walk you through finding the appropriate REIT for you. This book will also teach you how to manage your REIT, how to limit your personal risk, how to understand REIT performance, and how to analyze REITs. By reading this book, you will know and understand the pitfalls of investing in REITs, you will know how REITs behave as an investment class and how to best integrate them into your portfolio, and you will know what economic issues affect real estate and the effects these have on REITs. This book is not merely for the novice investor who wants to learn everything possible about real estate investment trusts; professional investors, financial planners, and investment advisors will also find valuable information in this book. Ultimately, The Complete Guide to Investing in REITs will help you stabilize and grow your portfolio and earn high rates of return by providing you with vital information and practical guidance. Atlantic Publishing is a small, independent publishing company based in Ocala, Florida. Founded over twenty years ago in the company president's garage, Atlantic Publishing has grown to become a renowned resource for non-fiction books. Today, over 450 titles are in print covering subjects such as small business, healthy living, management, finance, careers, and real estate. Atlantic Publishing prides itself on producing award winning, high-quality manuals that give readers up-to-date, pertinent information, real-world examples, and case studies with expert advice. Every book has resources, contact information, and web sites of the products or companies discussed.
Book Synopsis Applications of Management Science by : Kenneth D. Lawrence
Download or read book Applications of Management Science written by Kenneth D. Lawrence and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 19 of Applications of Management Science focuses on the application of management science methodologies, data envelopment analysis and multi-criteria decision making.
Book Synopsis Private Real Estate Markets and Investments by : H. Kent Baker
Download or read book Private Real Estate Markets and Investments written by H. Kent Baker and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of private real estate markets and investments. The 14 chapters are divided into three sections for conventional and alternative real estate investments and regulatory issues.
Download or read book REITs For Dummies written by Brad Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get the 411 on real estate investment trusts (REITs) and how they might fit into your portfolio Are you looking for exciting—but responsible—new investment opportunities that go beyond simple stocks and bonds? In REITs For Dummies, celebrated investing lecturer and author Brad Thomas delivers an easy-to-understand guide to getting started with real estate investment trusts—also known as “REITs.” These flexible and lucrative investment tools package together individual properties so you can invest in land and buildings without the hassle of being a landlord. In the book, you’ll get a straightforward tour of REIT property sectors and the different ways you can invest in REITs. You’ll also find: Strategies for selecting the best REITs for you and your family Ways to navigate the sector and generate durable income that helps you sleep well at night Options for those who want to go beyond the United States and investigate international REIT products. You already know about the basics of stock and bond investing. Now it’s time to learn about some of the other interesting financial products available to the responsible investor. In REITs For Dummies, you’ll get the jargon-free and easy-to-follow guidance you need to wrap your head around this exciting opportunity.
Book Synopsis Performance of Financial Institutions by : Patrick T. Harker
Download or read book Performance of Financial Institutions written by Patrick T. Harker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-18 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient operation of financial intermediaries--banks, insurance and pension fund firms, government agencies and so on--is instrumental for the efficient functioning of the financial system and the fueling of the economies of the twenty-first century. But what drives the performance of these institutions in today's global environment? In this volume, world-renowned scholars bring their expertise to bear on the issues. Primary among them are the definition and measurement of efficiency of a financial institution, benchmarks of efficiency, identification of the drivers of performance and measurement of their effects on efficiency, the impact of financial innovation and information technologies on performance, the effects of process design, human resource management policies, as well as others.
