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Economic Reforms And Total Factor Productivity Growth In Latin America And The Caribbean
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Book Synopsis Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1950-95 by : Pablo Fajnzylber
Download or read book Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1950-95 written by Pablo Fajnzylber and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Lederman
Download or read book Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Lederman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (1950-95) by : Pablo Fajnzylber
Download or read book Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (1950-95) written by Pablo Fajnzylber and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On average, economic reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean have been associated with a 1.5 percent yearly increase in the growth rate of total factor productivity. But there are important differences across countries, and in some cases economic reforms have been associated with lower growth in total factor productivity.Fajnzylber and Lederman rely on a series of growth accounting exercises to determine whether the growth rate of total factor productivity (TFP) or the unexplained portion of GDP growth (after controlling for the accumulation of capital per worker) in 18 Latin American and Caribbean economies has benefited from economic reform. They use Sachs and Warner (1995) criteria to identify the years of economic reform. They apply growth decomposition analysis and econometric tests to determine whether TFP growth has been significantly higher during periods of economic reform.Although the growth decomposition analysis assumes that the capital share of output is constant across Latin American countries, the econometric estimates allow for cross-country differences. In ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions and seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR), two alternative dummy variables are used to control for the effects of business-cycle fluctuations on observed rates of TFP growth. In addition, the SUR regressions consider the possibility that Latin American economies face common shocks.Finally, panel regressions are based on five-year averages of the growth rates of GDP and capital per worker. The authors find that, on average, economic reforms have been associated with a 1.5 percent yearly increase in the rate of TFP growth. But there are important differences across countries and in some cases economic reforms have been associated with lower TFP growth.This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to undertake regional studies to shed light on policy-relevant issues.
Book Synopsis Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Grwth in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1950-95 by : Pablo Fajzylber
Download or read book Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Grwth in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1950-95 written by Pablo Fajzylber and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Norman Loayza
Download or read book Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Norman Loayza and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are suffering severe economic downturns and the success of market-oriented reforms is being called into question. This report seeks to contribute to the debate by examining the nature of economic growth in the region. The aim is threefold: to describe the basic characteristics of growth; explain differences across countries and to forecast changes over the next decade.
Book Synopsis Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Carribean (1950-95) by : Pablo Fajnzylber
Download or read book Economic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Carribean (1950-95) written by Pablo Fajnzylber and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vanishing Growth in Latin America by : Andrés Solimano
Download or read book Vanishing Growth in Latin America written by Andrés Solimano and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth in Latin America and the rise of material welfare has lagged behind that of more dynamic areas of the world economy. In a region prone to policy experiments, the policies of the Washington Consensus applied since the 1990s failed to bring sustained growth to most of Latin America. Andres Solimano and an impressive set of contributors analyze the last 40 years in order to determine the role of economic reforms, external conditions, factor accumulation, income inequality, political instability and productivity in explaining GDP increases. The book also looks at cycles of growth, identifying periods of rapid growth and contrasting them with periods of stagnation and collapse.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Income and Efficiency Gap in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Jorge Thompson Araujo
Download or read book Understanding the Income and Efficiency Gap in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Jorge Thompson Araujo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-03-28 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The countries of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC), like other emerging economies, have benefited from a decade of remarkable growth and some income per capita convergence towards the United States and other industrialized countries. However, even nearly ten years of solid growth in the first decade of the 21st century could not guarantee that LAC would move on to a sustained long-term income convergence path. In fact, despite this recent progress, LAC still faces a significant per capita income gap with the developed world. The papers in this volume contribute to the ongoing debate on the reasons for this persistent income gap and the potential drivers of convergence, and propose some broad avenues for reform. This volume presents new macro-, sectoral-, and micro-level evidence that: (i) differences in total factor productivity (TFP), or efficiency in using the production factors, such as physical and human capital, explain a large part of LAC's persistent income gap; and (ii) resource misallocation is the main factor behind LAC's large efficiency gap. At the same time, the findings of this volume indicate there is significant room for further economic growth gains from technology adoption and innovation more broadly. In fact, the quality of the available technology in LAC is low, and there is very little innovation. Although firms can use innovation to reach productivity at the global productivity frontier, weak institutions reduce incentives to innovate. This volume also proposes that the main priorities for improving resource allocation and the incentives to innovate include: (i) enhancing market competition in key network industries (transport, financial, telecommunications, logistics, communication and distribution services); (ii) increasing labor market flexibility (including skill-mismatches and social barriers); (iii) removing informational frictions (including complex tax regimes and credit rationing); (iv) strengthening property rights; and (v) improving the rule of law.
Download or read book Going Viral written by Guillermo Beylis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 started as a health emergency, but it is rapidly evolving into an employment crisis. There is still uncertainty on how severe the economic impact of the pandemic will be. As things go, however, the drag on the region’s employment could last longer than the epidemic itself. Beyond the immediate impacts on the level of employment, the crisis is deepening and accelerating the transformation of jobs, bringing the future closer. Going Viral: COVID-19 and the Accelerated Transformation of Jobs in Latin America and the Caribbean focuses on recent trends in the economies of the region that have been significantly changing the labor market: premature deindustrialization, the servicification of the economy, and the changing skill requirements of jobs as automation advances. The findings of this report have important implications for economic policy. Some of these implications are related to the productivity challenges that Latin America and the Caribbean was already facing after the end of the “Golden Decade†? in 2013. Other policy implications see their relevance enhanced by the COVID-19 crisis. As sectors are impacted in different ways, as new technologies are developed and adopted, and as working remotely becomes more common, governments need to respond in ways that support a smooth transformation of jobs—one that is socially acceptable and that contributes to productivity growth, including investing in the human capital of the workforce. The accelerated transformation of jobs also calls for a rethinking of labor regulations and social protection policies. The institutional architecture geared to wage earners in the formal sector is quickly becoming outdated. The report calls for the flexible regulation of the emerging forms of work, in a way that encourages employment and supports formalization, thereby expanding the coverage of social protection. to larger segments
Book Synopsis Growth, Employment, and Equity by : Barbara Stallings
Download or read book Growth, Employment, and Equity written by Barbara Stallings and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) publication In the last ten to fifteen years, the Latin American and Caribbean region has undergone the most significant transformation of economic policy since World War II. Through a series of structural reforms, an increasing number of countries have moved from closed, state-dominated economies to ones that are more market oriented and open to the rest of the world. Policymakers expected that these changes, in conjunction with lower rates of inflation and increased spending in the social area, would speed up economic growth, increase productivity, and lead to the creation of more jobs and greater equality. Have those expectations been fulfilled? Analyzing the impact of the reforms in nine countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru), this study provides a detailed picture of progress to date. At the overall regional level, the book suggests, the reforms have had a surprisingly small impact: a small positive impact on investment and growth, and a small negative impact on employment and income distribution. But at the country, sectoral, and microeconomic levels, it finds evidence of strong effects, with some units doing very well and others falling behind.
Book Synopsis Firm Innovation and Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Inter-American Development Bank
Download or read book Firm Innovation and Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Inter-American Development Bank and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume uses the study of firm dynamics to investigate the factors preventing faster productivity growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, pushing past the limits of traditional macroeconomic analyses. Each chapter is dedicated to an examination of a different factor affecting firm productivity - innovation, ICT usage, on-the-job-training, firm age, access to credit, and international linkages - highlighting the differences in firm characteristics, behaviors, and strategies. By showcasing this remarkable heterogeneity, this collection challenges regional policymakers to look beyond one-size-fits-all solutions and create balanced policy mixes tailored to distinct firm needs. This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license.
Book Synopsis The Economic Development of Latin America in the Twentieth Century by : André A. Hofman
Download or read book The Economic Development of Latin America in the Twentieth Century written by André A. Hofman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hofman, a researcher with the Chile-based Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, uses growth accounting methods and previously unavailable long-term series data to assess the economic performance of the region during the century from a comparative and historical perspective. In particular he compares Latin American economies to those of advanced capitalist economies, to newly industrialized economies, and to Spain and Portugal because of the historical ties. He looks at the reasons for the poor or negative growth during the 1980s and the apparent recovery in the 1990s and at such problems as debt, income inequality, high inflation, cyclical instability, and political and policy instability. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Labor and Economic Reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean by :
Download or read book Labor and Economic Reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, most countries in the Latin America and Caribbean Region have stabilized their economies and lowered barriers to international trade. Many of the policies aimed at reducing poverty and tackling inequality in the 1960-1980 period were well intentioned, but the region made little or no progress in improving income distribution. With the recent shift toward market orientation and openness to international trade, these countries will need a new approach to labor policy as well as different instruments for addressing income distribution goals. This report gives special attention to four areas of labor policy: 1) change from direct government intervention in wage determination and strict seniority rules to a system that rewards effort, high productivity, and good management within a framework that relies on voluntary negotiation of working conditions between workers and firms; 2) replacement of job security legislation by a more effective mechanism that protects workers when they change jobs; 3) careful design of mandatory contributions to social security and other programs in order to minimize the distortionary effect of labor taxes; and 4) redirecting of government subsidies for training and education to the demand side and targeting to those who cannot afford to pay.
Book Synopsis Boosting Productivity and Inclusive Growth in Latin America by : OECD
Download or read book Boosting Productivity and Inclusive Growth in Latin America written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-01-20 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, most Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have experienced robust economic growth and been able to make significant reductions in poverty and income inequality. However, growth in the region was not strong enough to ensure convergence towards levels ...
Book Synopsis The Age of Productivity by : Inter-American Development Bank
Download or read book The Age of Productivity written by Inter-American Development Bank and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age of Productivity offers a look at how the low productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean is preventing the region from catching up with the developed world. The authors look beyond the traditional macro explanations and dig all the way down to the industry and firm level to uncover the causes.
Book Synopsis Long Run Economic Development in Latin America in a Comparative Perspective by : André A. Hofman
Download or read book Long Run Economic Development in Latin America in a Comparative Perspective written by André A. Hofman and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes trends in economic growth and it's causes in several Latin American countries in the 20th century. This paper stresses that the proximate causes of economic growth are not independent of the ultimate causes of growth. Proximate causes of economic growth are those areas of causality where models and quantification is possible. Ultimate causes of economic growth are much more difficult to quantify. The paper concludes with a description of some of the most important characteristics of economic development in the region.
Book Synopsis Productivity Growth in Latin America Over the Long Run by : Pablo Astorga
Download or read book Productivity Growth in Latin America Over the Long Run written by Pablo Astorga and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The low pace of Latin American productivity growth in recent decades, despite extensive economic reforms, has yet to be understood in a longer-run context where factors such as demographic changes, structural shifts, and investment levels can be taken fully into account. The OxLAD database provides comparable sectoral output and workforce series over 1900-2000 for the six leading economies in the region for the first time. Our analysis of this new dataset shows that: intersectoral resource reallocation reduced aggregate productivity growth in all three periods; total factor productivity growth was low throughout the century, and even negative in the closing three decades; and thus factor accumulation investment in fixed capital and skilled laborwas the main source of productivity growth in Latin America during the twentieth century.
