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Economic Policy Responses To Preference Erosion
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Book Synopsis Economic Policy Responses to Preference Erosion by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Economic Policy Responses to Preference Erosion written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade preferences are a central issue in ongoing efforts to negotiate further multilateral trade liberalization. "Less preferred" countries are increasingly concerned about the discrimination they confront, while "more preferred" developing countries worry that WTO-based liberalization of trade will erode the value of current preferential access regimes. This tension suggests there is a political economy case for preference-granting countries to explicitly address erosion fears. The authors argue that the appropriate instrument for this is development assistance. The alternative of addressing erosion concerns through the trading system will generate additional discrimination and trade distortions, rather than moving the WTO toward a more liberal, non-discriminatory regime. They further argue that prospective losses generated by most-favored-nation liberalization should be quantified on a bilateral basis, using methods that estimate what the associated transfer should have been and ignoring the various factors that reduce their value in practice (such as compliance costs or the fact that part of the rents created by preference programs accrue to importers in OECD countries). Given that many poor countries have not been able to benefit much from preference programs, a case is also made that preference erosion should be considered as part of a broader response by OECD countries to calls to make the trading system more supportive of economic development. The focus should be on identifying actions and policy measures that will improve the ability of developing countries to use trade for development.
Book Synopsis Trade Preference Erosion by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Trade Preference Erosion written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-04-15 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multilateral trade system rests on the principle of nondiscrimination. Unilateral trade preferences granted by developed countries can help beneficiary countries but can create tensions between 'preferred' developing countries typically beneficiaries from pre-existing colonial regimes and other developing countries. There is also concern about the potential erosion of these preferences through trade liberalization in the importing countries, an issue that has been important in the current negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda of the World Trade Organization. 'Trade Preference Erosion' provides the information needed to make informed assessments of the benefits of trade preferences for developing countries, the risks associated with the erosion of these benefits, and policy options for dealing with these problems. The authors provide detailed analyses of specific preference programs and undertake cross-country, disaggregated analyses of the impact of preferences at the product level. Understanding the likely impacts of these programs and how those impacts are distributed is a precondition for formulating appropriate policy responses. The authors argue that such responses need to go beyond trade policies and need to include a focus on enhancing the competitiveness and supply-side capacity of developing countries. This book is a useful and informative guide for policy makers, non-governmental organizations, and others who wish to better understand the debate on the magnitude and impact of preference erosion.
Book Synopsis Economic Policy Responses to Preference Erosion by : Bernard Hoekman
Download or read book Economic Policy Responses to Preference Erosion written by Bernard Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade preferences are a central issue in ongoing efforts to negotiate further multilateral trade liberalization. "Less preferred" countries are increasingly concerned about the discrimination they confront, while "more preferred" developing countries worry that WTO-based liberalization of trade will erode the value of current preferential access regimes. This tension suggests there is a political economy case for preference-granting countries to explicitly address erosion fears. The authors argue that the appropriate instrument for this is development assistance. The alternative of addressing erosion concerns through the trading system will generate additional discrimination and trade distortions, rather than moving the WTO toward a more liberal, non-discriminatory regime. They further argue that prospective losses generated by most-favored-nation liberalization should be quantified on a bilateral basis, using methods that estimate what the associated transfer should have been and ignoring the various factors that reduce their value in practice (such as compliance costs or the fact that part of the rents created by preference programs accrue to importers in OECD countries). Given that many poor countries have not been able to benefit much from preference programs, a case is also made that preference erosion should be considered as part of a broader response by OECD countries to calls to make the trading system more supportive of economic development. The focus should be on identifying actions and policy measures that will improve the ability of developing countries to use trade for development.
Book Synopsis Policy Responses to Trade Preference Erosion by : Chris Milner
Download or read book Policy Responses to Trade Preference Erosion written by Chris Milner and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2010 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study that looks at how best developing countries should respond to the erosion of trade preferences caused by continuing multilateral tariff liberalisation, either through restructuring individual preference arrangements or by acting to offset the adverse effects of preference erosion.
Book Synopsis Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization by : Joseph F. Francois
Download or read book Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization written by Joseph F. Francois and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of concern that OECD tariff reductions will translate into worsening export performance for the least developed countries, trade preferences have proven a stumbling block to developing country support for multilateral liberalization. The authors examine the actual scope for preference erosion, including an econometric assessment of the actual utilization and the scope for erosion estimated by modeling full elimination of OECD tariffs, and hence full most-favored-nation liberalization-based preference erosion. Preferences are underutilized due to administrative burden-estimated to be at least 4 percent on average-reducing the magnitude of erosion costs significantly. For those products where preferences are used (are of value), the primary negative impact follows from erosion of EU preferences. This suggests the erosion problem is primarily bilateral rather than a WTO-based concern.
Book Synopsis Trade Preference Erosion by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Trade Preference Erosion written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume introduces the gender dimension in the empirical analyses on the links between trade and poverty. Gender disparities, an important component of overall inequality, may limit the gains from trade and the potential benefits to poor people. This view is supported by the robust finding that while growth (as well as the gains from trade) is the major vehicle of lifting people out of poverty, it is more likely to be pro-poor when initial inequality is low. High inequality directly lowers the rate of poverty reduction by hindering growth.Ample evidence shows that, in spite of recent impro.
Book Synopsis The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis by : Richard E. Baldwin
Download or read book The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis written by Richard E. Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global financial crisis of 2008/9 is the Great Depression of the 21st century. For many though, the similarities stop at the Wall Street Crash as the current generation of policymakers have acted quickly to avoid the mistakes of the past. Yet the global crisis has made room for mistakes all of its own. While governments have apparently kept to their word on refraining from protectionist measures in the style of 1930s tariffs, there has been a disturbing rise in "murky protectionism." Seemingly benign, these crisis-linked policies are twisted to favour domestic firms, workers and investors. This book, first published as an eBook on VoxEU.org in March 2009, brings together leading trade policy practitioners and experts - including Australian Trade Minister Simon Crean and former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo. Initially its aim was to advise policymakers heading in to the G20 meeting in London, but since the threat of murky protectionism persists, so too do their warnings.
Book Synopsis The Global Political Economy of Trade Protectionism and Liberalization by : Tony Heron
Download or read book The Global Political Economy of Trade Protectionism and Liberalization written by Tony Heron and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the social, political and economic impacts of trade, paying particular attention to the textiles and clothing sector with respect to developing countries.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Aid in Palestine by : Sahar Taghdisi-Rad
Download or read book The Political Economy of Aid in Palestine written by Sahar Taghdisi-Rad and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite for many years receiving the highest per capita aid worldwide, the economies of the West Bank and Gaza Strip have failed to achieve any lasting developmental outcomes and suffer from major weaknesses which undermine their very survival. This book argues that the dominant, mainstream approach to the study of aid and aid effectiveness is theoretically and empirically inadequate for a comprehensive understanding and analysis of the workings of aid in developing countries, particularly those undergoing conflict. This book examines the nature of donor operations in Palestine, highlighting the political and ideological determinants of aid allocation and effectiveness, and focussing on the role of trade-related donor assistance in Palestine, more commonly known as Aid for Trade. It discusses how such trade-related assistance is only another instance of donors working ‘around’ the conflict, as opposed to taking it into account; and how aid to Palestine cannot bring about significant improvement as long as the Palestinian economy is fundamentally affected by Israeli occupation, settlements and blockade. It argues that unless restructured and more carefully targeted, aid can only act as a temporary relief mechanism. Furthermore, the book sheds light on critical areas within Palestinian territories that are in need of development and require significant and immediate attention at both national and international level.
Book Synopsis Law and Development Perspective on International Trade Law by : Yong-Shik Lee
Download or read book Law and Development Perspective on International Trade Law written by Yong-Shik Lee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-25 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic development is the most important agenda in the international trading system today, as demonstrated by the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) adopted in the current multilateral trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization (the Doha Round). This book provides a relevant discussion of major international trade law issues from the perspective of development in the following areas: general issues on international trade law and economic development; and specific law and development issues in World Trade Organization, Free Trade Agreement and regional initiatives. This book offers an unparalleled breadth of coverage on the topic and diversity of authorship, as seventeen leading scholars contribute chapters from nine major developed and developing countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, China (including Hong Kong), South Korea, Australia, Singapore and Israel.
Book Synopsis The Regulation of International Trade, Volume 1 by : Petros C. Mavroidis
Download or read book The Regulation of International Trade, Volume 1 written by Petros C. Mavroidis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed examination of the GATT regime for international trade, discussing the negotiating record, policy background, economic rationale, and case law. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was created alongside other towering achievements of the post-World War II era, including the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. GATT, the first successful agreement to generate multilateral trade liberalization, became the principal institution to administer international trade for the next six decades. In this book, Petros Mavoidis offers detailed examination of the GATT regime for international trade, discussing the negotiating record, policy background, economic rationale, and case law. Mavroidis offers a substantive first chapter that provides a detailed historical background to GATT that stretches from the 1927 World Economic Conference through Bretton Woods and the Atlantic Charter. Each of the following chapters examines the disciplines agreed to, their negotiating record, their economic rationale, and subsequent practice. Mavroidis focuses on cases that have influenced the prevailing understanding of the norm, as well as on literature that has contributed to its interpretation, and the final outcome. In particular, he examines quantitative restrictions and tariffs; the most favored nation clause (MFN), the cornerstone of the GATT edifice; preferential trade agreements and special treatment for products originating in developing countries; domestic instruments; and exceptions to the obligations assumed under GATT. This book's companion volume examines World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements regulating trade in goods.
Book Synopsis Food Crises and the WTO by : Baris Karapinar
Download or read book Food Crises and the WTO written by Baris Karapinar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-08 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The food and financial crises of 2008 and 2009 have pushed millions more people into poverty and hunger, while changing the parameters of international trade. Both crises have also challenged the fundamentals of WTO rules regulating agriculture, which had been designed to combat trade distortions due to artificially low-priced food commodities. This collection of essays examines to what extent the multilateral trading system contributes to food security in today's volatile markets. Bringing together a renowned group of expert economists, lawyers, environmental and development specialists, it offers a fresh and multi-dimensional perspective combining a strong economic analysis with a comprehensive legal assessment of the interface between food security and international trade regulation. Together, the contributions provide concrete policy recommendations on how the WTO could play a positive role in preventing or mitigating future food crises and promote global food security.
Book Synopsis Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting by : OECD
Download or read book Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents studies and data available regarding the existence and magnitude of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), and contains an overview of global developments that have an impact on corporate tax matters.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Trade Liberalisation on Agriculture in Smaller Developing Countries by : Andreas Schneider
Download or read book The Effects of Trade Liberalisation on Agriculture in Smaller Developing Countries written by Andreas Schneider and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2006 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aid for Trade and Development by : Dominique Njinkeu
Download or read book Aid for Trade and Development written by Dominique Njinkeu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-12-24 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following in the wake of the World Trade Organization's engagement with Aid for Trade, this book brings together a range of perspectives around this emerging issue. The collection of articles in this volume presents many of the ideas elaborated through research conducted by International Lawyers and Economists Against Poverty (ILEAP) since 2005 and is intended to provide a basis for further study. Since many of the contributions on aid for trade to date have come from the North, the book looks to deepen the debate by forwarding voices and experiences from the South. The book traces the evolution of Aid for Trade from its beginnings and examines the global architecture, modalities, and costs associated with its implementation. Drawing on lessons from national and regional experiences, this book further explores ways in which Aid for Trade can both move forward and become a real tool for poverty reduction in beneficiary countries.
Book Synopsis OECD Trade Policy Studies Trading Up Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Trade Policy Studies Trading Up Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-05-23 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume considers trade liberalisation and development from an economic perspective, aiming to examine these emotive issues using empirical approaches and dispassionate analysis.
Book Synopsis Economic Development and Multilateral Trade Cooperation by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Economic Development and Multilateral Trade Cooperation written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-12-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can international trade agreements promote development and how can rules be designed to benefit poor countries? Can multilateral trade cooperation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) help developing countries create and strengthen institutions and regulatory regimes that will enhance the gains from trade and integration into the global economy? And should this even be done? These are questions that confront policy makers and citizens in both rich and poor countries, and they are the subject of Economic Development and Multilateral Trade Cooperation. This book analyzes how the trading system could be made more supportive of economic development, without eroding the core WTO functions.
