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Author : Tore E. Timell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 811 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Ecology of Compression Wood Formation, Silviculture, and Compression Wood ... written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tore E. Timell
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540157151
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (571 download)
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms written by Tore E. Timell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-09-01 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas. Pub/ius Vergilius Mara Forests have long been one of mankind's most important natural re sources and not the least because forests are, if properly managed, re newable. They serve us in many different ways, but above all in pro viding us with wood, one of the most remarkable and useful of all natural materials. Reaction wood, compression wood in gymnosperms and tension wood in the arboreal angiosperms, serves the function of making it possible for trees to perform movements. In the ancient Ginkgo and in the conifers, the ability to form compression wood is of vital importance to each and every tree. Compression wood plays a crucial role in the regulation of tree form in these gymnosperms, and their arborescent habit probably depends on their ability to develop this tissue. Few forest and plantation trees are devoid of compression wood in their stem, and all of them have it in their branches. Unfortu nately, what is necessary and beneficial for the tree in this case is harmful to mankind, for compression wood is a very serious defect in both sawtimber and pulpwood. It is now almost 20 years since the last complete survey of compres sion wood was published, namely Arthur H. Westing's excellent review of this subject. My major objective in writing the present book has been to bring together in one single work everything that is currently known about compression wood.
Author : Tore E. Timell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms: Ecology of compression wood formation, silviculture, and compression wood written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 811 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (636 download)
Download or read book Ecology of Compression Wood Formation, Silviculture and Compression Wood, Mechanism of Compression Wood Action, Compression Wood in the Lumber and Pulp and Paper Industries, Compression Wood Induced by the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Opposite Wood written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Barry Gardiner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642108148
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book The Biology of Reaction Wood written by Barry Gardiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a fundamental reference source on reaction wood for wood scientists and technologists, plant biologists, silviculturists, forest ecologists, and anyone involved in the growing of trees and the processing of wood. It brings together our current understanding of all aspects of reaction wood, and is the first book to discuss both compression wood and tension wood. Trees produce reaction wood to maintain the vertical orientation of their stems and the optimum angle of each branch. They achieve this by laying down fibre cell walls in which differences in physical and chemical structure from those of normal fibres are expressed as differential stresses across the stem or branch. This process, while of obvious value for the survival of the tree, causes serious problems for the utilisation of timber. Timber derived from trees containing significant amounts of reaction wood is subject to dimensional instability on drying, causing twisting, bending and splitting. It is also difficult to work as timber, and for the pulp and paper industry the cost of removing the increased amount of lignin in compression wood is substantial. This has both practical and economic consequences for industry. Understanding the factors controlling reaction wood formation and its effect on wood structure is therefore fundamental to our understanding of the adaptation of trees to their environment and to the sustainable use of wood. The topics covered include: -Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of reaction wood -Cell-wall polymers in reaction wood and their biosynthesis -Changes in tree proteomes during reaction wood formation -The biomechanical action and biological functions of reaction wood - Physical and mechanical properties of reaction wood from the scale of cell walls to planks -The detection and characterisation of compression wood -Effects of reaction wood on the performance of wood and wood-based products - Commercial implications of reaction wood and the influence of forest management on its formation
Author : Tore E. Timell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (83 download)
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tore E. Timell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms: Ecology of compression wood formation, silviculture, and compression wood written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Fritz Hans Schweingruber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540485481
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Wood Structure and Environment written by Fritz Hans Schweingruber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-15 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary aim of Wood Structure and Environment is to reveal the hidden ecological richness in stems and roots from trees, shrubs and herbs. The detailed, lucid text will inspire researchers to consider the anatomic microcosm of wood plants and use it as a retrospective source of information, solving problems related to ecophysiology, competition, site conditions, population biology, earth science, wood quality and even human history.
Author : Jörg Fromm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642364918
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Cellular Aspects of Wood Formation written by Jörg Fromm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With today’s ever growing economic and ecological problems, wood as a raw material takes on increasing significance as the most important renewable source of energy and as industrial feedstock for numerous products. Its chemical and anatomical structure and the excellent properties that result allow wood to be processed into the most diverse products; from logs to furniture and veneers, and from wood chippings to wooden composites and paper. The aim of this book is to review advances in research on the cellular aspects of cambial growth and wood formation in trees over recent decades. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part covers the basic process of wood biosynthesis, focusing on five major steps that are involved in this process: cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation, programmed cell death and heartwood formation. The second part of the book deals with the regulation of wood formation by endogenous and exogenous factors. On the endogenous level the emphasis is placed on two aspects: control of wood formation by phytohormones and by molecular mechanisms. Apart from endogenous factors, various exogenous effects (such as climate factors) are involved in wood formation. Due to modern microscopic as well as molecular techniques, the understanding of wood formation has progressed significantly over the last decade. Emphasizing the cellular aspects, this book first gives an overview of the basic process of wood formation, before it focuses on factors involved in the regulation of this process.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Formation and Properties of Juvenile Wood in Southern Pines written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To satisfy the increasing demand for forest products, much of the future timber supply will be from improved trees grown on managed plantations. This fast-grown resource will tend to be harvested in short age rotations and will contain higher proportions of juvenile wood than that of current harvests. In anticipation of this resource, definitive information is needed on the influence of juvenile wood on lumber properties so that grading rules and the associated allowable design stresses can be modified as needed. This document reports the results of an extensive review of the literature on juvenile wood in southern pines. This report defines and discusses the extent, occurrence, and characteristics of juvenile wood. It reviews the effects that environment and silviculture have on the amount of juvenile wood produced. Finally, the impacts that juvenile wood has on mechanical properties were quantified. The results of this quantification are significant to all producers of fast-grown plantations. Research has clearly shown that juvenile wood will have a detrimental impact on allowable design stresses for visually graded lumber. It is critical that methods are developed to more carefully manage fast-grown plantation wood for its most efficient use. This review should serve as an overall collection of knowledge pertaining to juvenile wood research in southern pines and should help in the decision-making efforts to improve seedling selection techniques and silvicultural practices to maximize the potential for fast-grown plantations of southern pines.
Author : Bruce J. Zobel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642795145
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Genetics of Wood Production written by Bruce J. Zobel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past years, a great deal has been learned about variation in wood prop erties. Genetic control is a major source of variation in most wood properties. Wood is controlled genetically both directly in the developmental or internal pro cesses of wood formation and indirectly by the control of tree form and growth patterns. Emphasis in this book will be on the internal control of wood production by genetics although there will be two chapters dealing with the indirect genetic control of wood, which was covered in detail in the previous book by Zobel and van Buijtenen (1989). The literature on the genetics of wood is very variable, SO'lle quite superficial, on which little reliance can be placed, and some from well-designed and correctly executed research. When suitable, near the end of each chapter, there will be a summary with the authors' interpretation of the most important information in the chapter. The literature on the genetics of wood can be quite controversial. This is to be expected, since both the environment and its interaction with the genotype of the tree can have a major effect on wood properties, especially when trees of similar genotypes are grown under widely divergent conditions. Adding to the confusion, studies frequently have been designed and analyzed quite differently, resulting in conflicting assessments of results.
Author : Pentti Hakkila
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642740723
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Utilization of Residual Forest Biomass written by Pentti Hakkila and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increase in the demand for wood results in improved recovery and less residual biomass in the forests. Paradoxically, interest in forest residue as a renewable source of raw material seems to be in a reverse ratio to its availability in a certain area. Finland and Sweden are probably more dependent on forestry and forest in dustries than any other developed countries in the world. A sufficiency of raw ma terial for integrated forest industries is vital for the national economy of both countries, and a great deal of attention is being paid to the long-term potential of unutilized biomass left behind in logging operations. Furthermore, since these countries possess no reserves of fossil fuels, and since their per-capita consump tion of primary energy is exceptionally high, they also consider unmerchantable forest biomass a realistic source of indigenous energy. A joint Nordic research project on harvesting and utilization of logging residue was carried out in 1969-1976 under the auspices of the Nordic Research Council on Forest Operations. This fruitful cooperation soon gave rise to related national projects in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark, stimulating further research and producing practical applications. Concurrently, particularly after the worldwide energy crisis in 1973, research on all aspects of utilization of forest bio mass mushroomed in the United States, Canada, and the Soviet Union. An ex plosive increase occurred in both the number and diversity of biomass studies.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 854 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Holzforschung written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 964 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tore E. Timell
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms written by Tore E. Timell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Claus Mattheck
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Wood - The Internal Optimization of Trees written by Claus Mattheck and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-01-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood is a biological structure well-adapted to external loading. It carries axial loads in a tree by longitudinal fibres and radial loads by rays; circumferential compressive growth stresses prevent the tree from splitting along the rays. It is shown that axial and lateral strength is highest at places of maximum loading. Also, growth stresses are distributed in a load-controlled way. The vivid style used by the authors avoids complex formulas, preferring many impressive and simple to understand drawings. They show how a tree is internally optimized and how the partial or global breakdown of this interwoven axial and radial optimization can lead to the different failure modes.
Author : Tore E. Timell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms: Occurrence of stem, branch, and root compression woods written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
