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Author : Harold Scofield Betts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Eastern Spruce written by Harold Scofield Betts and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mary B. Adams
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461229065
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States written by Mary B. Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s there were several published reports of recent, unexplained increases in mortality of red spruce in the Adirondack Mountains and the northern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. These reports coincided with documentation of reductions in radial growth of several species of pine in the southeastern United States, and with the severe, rapid, and widespread decline of Norway spruce, silver fir, and some hardwoods in central Europe. In all of these instances, atmospheric deposition was hypothesized as the cause of the decline. (Throughout this volume, we use the term "decline" to refer to a loosely synchronized regional-scale deterioration of tree health which is brought about by a combination of stress factors. These may be biotic or abiotic in nature, and the combinations may differ from site to site. ) Heated public debate about the causes and possible cures for these forest declines ensued. Through the course of this debate, it became clear that information about forest health and air pollution effects on forests was inadequate to meet policymakers' needs. Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States addresses that gap for eastern spruce fir forests and represents the culmination of a great deal of research conducted in recent years. The focus is on red spruce because the decline of red spruce was both dramatic and inexplicable and because of the great amount of information gathered on red spruce.
Author : Harold Scofield Betts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (852 download)
Download or read book Eastern Spruce written by Harold Scofield Betts and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arthur C. Hart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (233 download)
Download or read book Silvical Characteristics of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens). written by Arthur C. Hart and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Decline and Mortality of Red Spruce in West Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Christopher Eagar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461229070
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States written by Christopher Eagar and published by . This book was released on 1992-06-25 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the recent decline of red spruce and the role of acid rain and associated air pollutants in this decline. The purpose of the book is to summarize a large body of recent research on this important environmental issue. The book is divided into 3 sections: Section I summarizes the features of spruce-fir forests in the Eastern U.S. and examines the ecology of the forests, their soils, and the atmospheric conditions experienced by these forests. Section II looks at experimental results from many air pollution studies and evaluates mechanisms of air pollution effects on red spruce trees. Section III synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the widespread red spruce decline in forests of the eastern United States.
Author : Louis Sutliffe Murphy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book The Red Spruce written by Louis Sutliffe Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Myron D. Ostrander
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)
Download or read book Eastern Spruce written by Myron D. Ostrander and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stanley J. Zarnoch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Stand Basal-area and Tree-diameter Growth in Red Spruce-fir Forests in Maine, 1960-80 written by Stanley J. Zarnoch and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2Stand basal area change and individual surviving red spruce d.b.h. growth from 1960 to 1980 were analyzed for red spruce-fir stands in Maine. Regression modeling was used to relate these measures of growth to stand and tree conditions and to compare growth throughout the period. Results indicate a decline in growth. The regression models helped identify trends and relationships but were not useful for predicting growth due to the tremendous amount of variability in the growth of red spruce-fir stands. S3.
Author : H. W. Anderson
Publisher : Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. : Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book The Tolerant Conifers written by H. W. Anderson and published by Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. : Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brief overview of the information available on hemlock, including distribution, utilization, ecology, and management. The 2d short article deals with the silvics, ecology, genetics, harvesting and regeneration of red spruce, and its complementary relationship to hemlock in their role in wildlife management.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Symptomatology & Trend of Tree Condition of Red Spruce & Balsam Fir written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. D. Ostrander
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Eastern Spruce, an American Wood written by M. D. Ostrander and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arthur C Hart
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780365112273
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (122 download)
Download or read book Silvical Characteristics of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens) (Classic Reprint) written by Arthur C Hart and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Silvical Characteristics of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens) In the south, Fraser fir (abies fraseri) and yellow buckeye (aesculus octandra) are additional associates. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author : Stanley R. Gemborys
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics in a Virgin Northern Hardwood-spruce-fir Forest written by Stanley R. Gemborys and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A phytosociological investigation was conducted in a virgin northern hardwood-spruce- fir forest in the lower elevations of the Bowl in the White Mountains of New Hampshire to determine the structure and dynamics of relatively small units of the forest. There is no evidence that the composition of the present forest has been influenced by human activity or fire, though portions of the present community demonstrate the effects of catastrophic damage caused by a severe hurricane in 1815. Forty-five 20- by 30-m plots ranging in elevation from 586 to 920 m were studied. Tree densities ranged from 685 to 3,851 stems/ha, basal areas from 22.0 to 60.5 m21ha, and shrub-seedling densities from 0.15 x 105 to 2.27 x 105 stems/ha. Bray and Curtis ordination was used to position the plots on the X and Y axes of a vegetational mosaic. The primary differentiating species were Picea rubens and Acer saccharum on the X axis and Betula alleghaniensis and Fagus grandifolia on the Y axis. The ordination was divided into seven subjectively defined plot clusters based primarily on the size-class distributions of four major tree species found in each plot. Cluster A represents a high-elevation, stable Picea abies unit. Cluster B represents a lower elevation, edaphically controlled Picea-Abies-Fagus grandifolia- Betula alleghaniensis unit which is projected to develop into a Picea-Abies-Fagus grandifolia unit. Clusters C to G represent stages in a successional sequence initiated by a catastrophic blowdown. The sequence is postulated to start with a Betula alleghaniansis Reproduction-Sapling unit, none of which was observed in the present forests of the Bowl. This stage develops into an All-Sized Immature Betula alleghaniensis unit (Cluster C) followed by a Mature Betula alleghaniensis/Sapling Acer saccharum-Fagus grandifolia unit (Cluster D). Then, depending on tree density, will follow a Mature Fagus grandifolia/Residual Decadent Betula alleghaniensis unit (Cluster E) or a Mixed Acer saccharum-Fagus grandifolia/Residual Decadent Betula alleghaniensis unit (Cluster F). Cluster F develops into a Decadent Acer saccharum-Fagus grandifolia unit (Cluster G). This and the unit represented by Cluster E could develop into a Hypothetical Decadent Fagus grandifolia/Acer saccharurn unit.
Author : United States. Forest Service
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)
Download or read book Eastern Spruce - an American Wood written by United States. Forest Service and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Lumberman's Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Identification of Red Spruce and Fraser Fir on Large Scale CIR Aerial Photos written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
