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Early Gender Gaps Among University Graduates
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Book Synopsis The Rise of Women by : Thomas A. DiPrete
Download or read book The Rise of Women written by Thomas A. DiPrete and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While powerful gender inequalities remain in American society, women have made substantial gains and now largely surpass men in one crucial arena: education. Women now outperform men academically at all levels of school, and are more likely to obtain college degrees and enroll in graduate school. What accounts for this enormous reversal in the gender education gap? In The Rise of Women: The Growing Gender Gap in Education and What It Means for American Schools, Thomas DiPrete and Claudia Buchmann provide a detailed and accessible account of women’s educational advantage and suggest new strategies to improve schooling outcomes for both boys and girls. The Rise of Women opens with a masterful overview of the broader societal changes that accompanied the change in gender trends in higher education. The rise of egalitarian gender norms and a growing demand for college-educated workers allowed more women to enroll in colleges and universities nationwide. As this shift occurred, women quickly reversed the historical male advantage in education. By 2010, young women in their mid-twenties surpassed their male counterparts in earning college degrees by more than eight percentage points. The authors, however, reveal an important exception: While women have achieved parity in fields such as medicine and the law, they lag far behind men in engineering and physical science degrees. To explain these trends, The Rise of Women charts the performance of boys and girls over the course of their schooling. At each stage in the education process, they consider the gender-specific impact of factors such as families, schools, peers, race and class. Important differences emerge as early as kindergarten, where girls show higher levels of essential learning skills such as persistence and self-control. Girls also derive more intrinsic gratification from performing well on a day-to-day basis, a crucial advantage in the learning process. By contrast, boys must often navigate a conflict between their emerging masculine identity and a strong attachment to school. Families and peers play a crucial role at this juncture. The authors show the gender gap in educational attainment between children in the same families tends to be lower when the father is present and more highly educated. A strong academic climate, both among friends and at home, also tends to erode stereotypes that disconnect academic prowess and a healthy, masculine identity. Similarly, high schools with strong science curricula reduce the power of gender stereotypes concerning science and technology and encourage girls to major in scientific fields. As the value of a highly skilled workforce continues to grow, The Rise of Women argues that understanding the source and extent of the gender gap in higher education is essential to improving our schools and the economy. With its rigorous data and clear recommendations, this volume illuminates new ground for future education policies and research.
Book Synopsis Graduating to a Pay Gap by : Christianne Corbett
Download or read book Graduating to a Pay Gap written by Christianne Corbett and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women are paid significantly less than men are in nearly every occupation. Because pay equity affects women and their families in all walks of life, it is not surprising that many women consider the issue important. For more than 130 years, the American Association of University Women (aauw) has advocated for gender equity in education and the workplace. During this time, women have gone from a small minority on college campuses to a majority of the student body. Today, women make up half the workforce, but they continue to earn less than men do throughout their careers. Why does this gender pay gap persist? This question is a focal point of AAUW's research and advocacy work. This report finds that women working full time already earn less than their male counterparts do just one year after college graduation. Taking a closer look at the data, the authors find that women's choices--college major, occupation, hours at work--do account for part of the pay gap. But about one-third of the gap remains unexplained, suggesting that bias and discrimination are still problems in the workplace. A bibliography is included. (Contains 13 figures and 8 footnotes.).
Book Synopsis Gender and Competition by : Alison L. Booth
Download or read book Gender and Competition written by Alison L. Booth and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In almost all European Union countries, the gender wage gap is increasing across the wages distribution. In this lecture I briefly survey some recent studies aiming to explain why apparently identical women and men receive such different returns and focus especially on those incorporating pyschological factors as an explanation of the gender gap. Research areas with high potential returns to further analysis are identified. Several examples from my own recent experimental work with Patrick Nolen are also presented. These try to distinguish between the role of nature and nurture in affecting behavioural differences between men and women that might lead to gender wage gaps.
Book Synopsis The Gender Gap in College: Maximizing the Developmental Potential of Women and Men by : Linda J. Sax
Download or read book The Gender Gap in College: Maximizing the Developmental Potential of Women and Men written by Linda J. Sax and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for The Gender Gap in College "Linda Sax has produced an encyclopedic volume comparing women's and men's development during the undergraduate years. We believe it is destined to become a classic in the higher education literature." —From the Foreword by Alexander W. Astin and Helen S. Astin "Using findings from an important national data set, Linda Sax has skillfully crafted a definitive work about the gender gap in college. It is a major scholarly achievement that will be influential for many years to come." —Ernest Pascarella, Petersen Professor of Higher Education, University of Iowa "Linda Sax has produced a meticulously researched, carefully documented analysis that identifies many ways that college impacts men and women differently. This book will be an invaluable resource to researchers and practitioners seeking to better understand and serve traditional-age students at four-year colleges and universities." —Jacqueline E. King, assistant vice president, Center for Policy Analysis, American Council on Education
Book Synopsis Degrees of Equality by : Helen Russell
Download or read book Degrees of Equality written by Helen Russell and published by ESRI. This book was released on 2005 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the distribution of pay differentials and other rewards among recent male and female graduates.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family by : Norbert F. Schneider
Download or read book Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family written by Norbert F. Schneider and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring how family life has radically changed in recent decades, this comprehensive Research Handbook tracks the latest developments and trends in scholarly work on the family. With a particular focus on the European context, it addresses current debates and offers insights into key topics including: the division of housework, family forms and living arrangements, intergenerational relationships, partner choice, divorce and fertility behaviour.
Book Synopsis Career and Family by : Claudia Goldin
Download or read book Career and Family written by Claudia Goldin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the author builds on decades of complex research to examine the gender pay gap and the unequal distribution of labor between couples in the home. The author argues that although public and private discourse has brought these concerns to light, the actions taken - such as a single company slapped on the wrist or a few progressive leaders going on paternity leave - are the economic equivalent of tossing a band-aid to someone with cancer. These solutions, the author writes, treat the symptoms and not the disease of gender inequality in the workplace and economy. Here, the author points to data that reveals how the pay gap widens further down the line in women's careers, about 10 to 15 years out, as opposed to those beginning careers after college. She examines five distinct groups of women over the course of the twentieth century: cohorts of women who differ in terms of career, job, marriage, and children, in approximated years of graduation - 1900s, 1920s, 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s - based on various demographic, labor force, and occupational outcomes. The book argues that our entire economy is trapped in an old way of doing business; work structures have not adapted as more women enter the workforce. Gender equality in pay and equity in home and childcare labor are flip sides of the same issue, and the author frames both in the context of a serious empirical exploration that has not yet been put in a long-run historical context. This book offers a deep look into census data, rich information about individual college graduates over their lifetimes, and various records and sources of material to offer a new model to restructure the home and school systems that contribute to the gender pay gap and the quest for both family and career. --
Book Synopsis PISA Knowledge and Skills for Life First Results from PISA 2000 by : OECD
Download or read book PISA Knowledge and Skills for Life First Results from PISA 2000 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge and Skills for Life presents evidence on student performance in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy, reveals factors that influence the development of these skills at home and at school, and examines what the implications are for policy development.
Book Synopsis Academic Careers and the Gender Gap by : Maureen Baker
Download or read book Academic Careers and the Gender Gap written by Maureen Baker and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women earn nearly half of all new PhDs in Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Why, then, do they occupy a disproportionate number of the junior-level university positions while men occupy 80 percent of the more prestigious jobs? In Academic Careers and the Gender Gap, Maureen Baker draws on candid interviews with male and female scholars, previous research, and her own thirty-eight-year academic career to explain the reasons behind this inequality. She argues that current university priorities and collegial relations often magnify the impact of gendered families and identities and perpetuate the gender gap. Tracing the evolution of university priorities and practices, Baker reveals significant and persistent differences in job security, working hours, rank, salary, job satisfaction, and career length between male and female scholars.
Book Synopsis PISA Learning for Tomorrow's World First Results from PISA 2003 by : OECD
Download or read book PISA Learning for Tomorrow's World First Results from PISA 2003 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-12-07 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the first internationally comparable results to OECD's 2003 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Survey of the educational performance of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics, and science in 25 OECD countries.
Book Synopsis Men and Masculinities by : Eric Anderson
Download or read book Men and Masculinities written by Eric Anderson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eric Anderson is Professor of Sport, Masculinities, and Sexualities at the University of Winchester. He is an interdisciplinary scholar who studies men’s changing masculinities and sexualities. Professor Anderson is the architect of Inclusive Masculinity Theory and has published nineteen books and over seventy research articles. Rory Magrath is Senior Lecturer in the School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences at Southampton Solent University. His research focuses on decreasing homophobia and the changing nature of contemporary masculinities, with a specific focus on professional football. He is the author of Inclusive Masculinities in Contemporary Football: Men in the Beautiful Game (2016) and coauthor of Out in Sport: The Experiences of Openly Gay and Lesbian Athletes in Competitive Sport (2016).
Download or read book Cracking the code written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to 'crack the code' by deciphering the factors that hinder and facilitate girls' and women's participation, achievement and continuation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and, in particular, what the education sector can do to promote girls' and women's interest in and engagement with STEM education and ultimately STEM careers.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Higher Education Finance by : Julian L. Garritzmann
Download or read book The Political Economy of Higher Education Finance written by Julian L. Garritzmann and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2018-06-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the political economy of higher education finance across a range of OECD countries, exploring why some students pay extortionate tuition fees whilst for others their education is free. What are the redistributional consequences of these different tuition-subsidy systems? Analysing the variety of existing systems, Garritzmann shows that across the advanced democracies “Four Worlds of Student Finance” exist. Historically, however, all countries’ higher education systems looked very much alike in the 1940s. The book develops a theoretical model, the Time-Sensitive Partisan Theory, to explain why countries have evolved from a similar historical starting point to today’s very distinct Four Worlds. The empirical analyses combine a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative evidence, studying higher education policies in all advanced democracies from 1945-2015.
Download or read book Education Statistics Quarterly written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Book Synopsis Teaching, Research and Academic Careers by : Daniele Checchi
Download or read book Teaching, Research and Academic Careers written by Daniele Checchi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book evaluates research quality, quality of teaching and the relationship between the two through sound statistical methods, and in a comparative perspective with other European countries. In so doing, it covers an increasingly important topic for universities that affects university funding. It discusses whether university evaluation should be limited to a single factor or consider multiple dimensions of research, since academic careers, teaching and awarding degrees are intertwined. The chapters included in the book evaluate teaching and research, also taking the gender dimension into account, in order to understand where and when gender discrimination occurs in assessment. Divided into five sections, the book analyses the administrative data on the determinants of career completion of university students; increasing precariousness of academic careers, especially of young researchers; methods designed to assess research productivity when co-authorship and team production are becoming the standard practice; and interrelations between students’ achievements and teachers’ careers driven by research assessment. It brings together contributions from a large group of economists, statisticians and social scientists working under a project sponsored by ANVUR, the Italian agency for the evaluation of teaching and research of academic institutions. From an international perspective, the findings in this book are particularly interesting because despite low tuition costs, tertiary education in Italy has relatively low enrolment rates and even lower completion rates compared to those in other European and American countries. This book is of interest to researchers of the sociology of education, education policy, public administration, economics and statistics of education, and to administrators and policy makers working in the area of higher education.
Book Synopsis Gendered Paths into STEM. Disparities Between Females and Males in STEM Over the Life-Span by : Bernhard Ertl
Download or read book Gendered Paths into STEM. Disparities Between Females and Males in STEM Over the Life-Span written by Bernhard Ertl and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
