Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471723266
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (717 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery by : Robert A. Copeland

Download or read book Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery written by Robert A. Copeland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-04-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vital information for discovering and optimizing new drugs "Understanding the data and the experimental details that support it has always been at the heart of good science and the assumption challenging process that leads from good science to drug discovery. This book helps medicinal chemists and pharmacologists to do exactly that in the realm of enzyme inhibitors." -Paul S. Anderson, PhD This publication provides readers with a thorough understanding of enzyme-inhibitor evaluation to assist them in their efforts to discover and optimize novel drug therapies. Key topics such as competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive inhibition, slow binding, tight binding, and the use of Hill coefficients to study reaction stoichiometry are all presented. Examples of key concepts are presented with an emphasis on clinical relevance and practical applications. Targeted to medicinal chemists and pharmacologists, Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery focuses on the questions that they need to address: * What opportunities for inhibitor interactions with enzyme targets arise from consideration of the catalytic reaction mechanism? * How are inhibitors evaluated for potency, selectivity, and mode of action? * What are the advantages and disadvantages of specific inhibition modalities with respect to efficacy in vivo? * What information do medicinal chemists and pharmacologists need from their biochemistry and enzymology colleagues to effectively pursue lead optimization? Beginning with a discussion of the advantages of enzymes as targets for drug discovery, the publication then explores the reaction mechanisms of enzyme catalysis and the types of interactions that can occur between enzymes and inhibitory molecules that lend themselves to therapeutic use. Next are discussions of mechanistic issues that must be considered when designing enzyme assays for compound library screening and for lead optimization efforts. Finally, the publication delves into special forms of inhibition that are commonly encountered in drug discovery efforts, but can be easily overlooked or misinterpreted. This publication is designed to provide students with a solid foundation in enzymology and its role in drug discovery. Medicinal chemists and pharmacologists can refer to individual chapters as specific issues arise during the course of their ongoing drug discovery efforts.

Enzymes as Targets for Drug Design

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323140483
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymes as Targets for Drug Design by : Michael Palfreyman

Download or read book Enzymes as Targets for Drug Design written by Michael Palfreyman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes as Targets for Drug Design is a collection of scientific discussions related to enzyme inhibitors that show the many facets of the drug discovery process from the basic sciences through clinical applications. Topics include the biogenesis of phosphatidylinositol glycosyl membrane proteins, structure and catalytic function of ADP-ribose polymerase (ADPRT), and modulation of the dopaminergic system in cardiovascular therapeutics. The therapeutic utility of selected enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors, the role of proteinases in the fibrosis of systemic sclerosis, and therapeutic opportunities in eicosanoid biosynthesis are also discussed. This book consists of 18 chapters and begins with examples of enzymes whose activities have recently been elucidated, or for which newer insights have been gleaned, but which do not yet have selective or potent inhibitors. The second part provides examples of enzymes where inhibitors have been identified but it is still not clear whether or not such an enzymatic blockade will be therapeutically beneficial. The final section describes clinical studies of newer, and not so new, enzyme inhibitors that are clearly of therapeutic importance. The therapeutic activity of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the associated clinical issues are considered. This book is intended for clinicians as well as basic scientists in biochemistry, chemistry, pharmacology, and cell biology.

Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441908404
Total Pages : 742 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions by : K. Sandy Pang

Download or read book Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions written by K. Sandy Pang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-17 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germination of the thought of "Enzymatic- and Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions: Progress and Future Challenges" Proceedings came about as part of the annual meeting of The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) that was held in San Diego in November of 2007. The attendance of workshop by more than 250 pharmaceutical scientists reflected the increased interest in the area of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), the greater focus of PhRMA, academia, and regulatory agencies, and the rapid pace of growth in knowledge. One of the aims of the workshop was to address the progress made in quantitatively predicting enzyme- and transporter-based DDIs as well as highlighted areas where such predictions are poor or areas that remain challenging for the future. Because of the serious clinical implications, initiatives have arisen from the FDA (http://www.fda.gov/cber/gdlns/interactstud.htm) to highlight the importance of enzyme- and transporter-based DDIs. During the past ten to fifteen years, we have come to realize that transporters, in addition to enzymes, play a vital role in drug elimination. Such insight has been possible because of the continued growth in PK-ADME (pharmacokinetics-absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion) knowledge, fueled by further advances in molecular biology, greater availability of human tissues, and the development of additional and sophisticated model systems and sensitive assay methods for studying drug metabolism and transport in vitro and in vivo. This has sparked an in-depth probing into mechanisms surrounding DDIs, resulting from ligand-induced changes in nuclear receptors, as well as alterations in transporter and enzyme expression and function. Despite such advances, the in vitro and in vivo study of drug interactions and the integration of various data sets remain challenging. Therefore, it has become apparent that a proceeding that serves to encapsulate current strategies, approaches, methods and applications is necessary. As Editors, we have assembled a number of opinion leaders and asked them to contribute chapters surrounding these issues. Many of these are the original Workshop speakers whereas others had been selected specially to contribute on topics related to basic and applied information that had not been covered in other reference texts on DDI. The resulting tome, entitled Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Drug Interactions: Progress and Future Challenges, comprises of four sections. Twenty-eight chapters covering various topics and perspectives related to the subject of metabolic and transporter-based drug-drug interactions are presented.

Identification and Quantification of Drugs, Metabolites, Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, and Transporters

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Science
ISBN 13 : 0128200189
Total Pages : 708 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification and Quantification of Drugs, Metabolites, Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, and Transporters by : Shuguang Ma

Download or read book Identification and Quantification of Drugs, Metabolites, Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, and Transporters written by Shuguang Ma and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identification and Quantification of Drugs, Metabolites, Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, and Transporters, Second Edition, is completely updated to provide an overview of the last decade's numerous advances in analytical technologies for detection and quantification of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers. This new edition goes beyond LC-MS and features all-new chapters on how to evaluate drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, potential for hepatic and renal toxicity, immunogenicity of biotherapeutics and translational tools for predicting human dosage, safety and efficacy of small molecules and biologics. This book will be an important handbook and desk reference for pharmacologists, toxicologists, clinical scientists, and students interested in the fields of pharmacology, biochemistry, and drug metabolism. Four sections in the book with 24 chapters give readers an overview of state-of-the-art techniques for identifying and quantifying drugs, metabolites and biomarkers, including a chapter on new approaches for quantification of enzymes and transporters in different tissues Focuses on the role of drug metabolism enzymes, transporters in disposition and drug-drug interactions, as well as strategies for evaluating drug metabolism and safety using advanced liver and kidney models. Discussions on immunogenicity risks of biologics and their evaluation methods have been included Includes several chapters on advanced translational sciences to predict human dosage, pharmacokinetics and efficacy for small molecules and biotherapeutics All chapters are written by experts with a wide range of practical experience from the industry and academia

Enzyme Inhibition in Drug Discovery and Development

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470538945
Total Pages : 878 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzyme Inhibition in Drug Discovery and Development by : Chuang Lu

Download or read book Enzyme Inhibition in Drug Discovery and Development written by Chuang Lu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-26 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science and applied approaches of enzyme inhibition in drug discovery and development Offering a unique approach that includes both the pharmacologic and pharmaco-kinetic aspects of enzyme inhibition, Enzyme Inhibition in Drug Discovery and Development examines the scientific concepts and experimental approaches related to enzyme inhibition as applied in drug discovery and drug development. With chapters written by over fifty leading experts in their fields, Enzyme Inhibition in Drug Discovery and Development fosters a cross-fertilization of pharmacology, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology by understanding the "good" inhibitions—desirable pharmacological effects—and "bad" inhibitions—drug–drug interactions and toxicity. The book discusses: The drug discovery process, including drug discovery strategy, medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and safety biomarker assessment The manipulations of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters as well as the negative consequences, such as drug–drug interactions The inhibition of several major drug target pathways, such as the GPCR pathway, the NFkB pathway, and the ion channel pathway Through this focused, single-source reference on the fundamentals of drug discovery and development, researchers in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) will learn and appreciate target biology in drug discovery; discovery biologists and medicinal chemists will also broaden their understanding of DMPK.

Drugs and Enzymes

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483223515
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Drugs and Enzymes by : Bernard B. Brodie

Download or read book Drugs and Enzymes written by Bernard B. Brodie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second International Pharmacological Meeting, Volume 4: Drugs and Enzymes is a collection of papers presented at the Second International Pharmacological Meeting on August 20-23, 1963. This volume is organized into two sections encompassing 41 chapters. The first section discusses the relationship between biochemical effects of drugs in vitro and their pharmacological effect in vivo. This section specifically examines the correlation between the action of substances on isolated smooth muscle and on the central nervous system, as well as the behavior of a centrally-acting drug and enzyme in the ion movement in the system. The second section surveys the biochemical mechanisms of drug toxicity. Considerable chapters in this section are devoted to the effect of drug toxicity, such as altered drug metabolism, enzyme induction, morphological changes, hepatic effects, and photosensitivity. This book will prove useful to pharmacologists, neurologists, biochemists, and researchers who are interested the fields of drugs and drug toxicity.

Enzymes and Their Inhibitors

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203414586
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymes and Their Inhibitors by : H. John Smith

Download or read book Enzymes and Their Inhibitors written by H. John Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-29 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the development of enzyme inhibitors as therapeutic drugs, Enzymes and Their Inhibitors: Drug Development provides a concise overview of the chemistry of major types of enzymes and their inhibitors. The opening chapters introduce readers to the structure, functions, mechanisms, and kinetics of enzymes, including their use as disease mar

Enzymes and Drug Action

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470716762
Total Pages : 581 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymes and Drug Action by : J. L. Mongar

Download or read book Enzymes and Drug Action written by J. L. Mongar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.

Enzymes as Drugs

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymes as Drugs by : John S. Holcenberg

Download or read book Enzymes as Drugs written by John S. Holcenberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1981 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352732903X
Total Pages : 755 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics by : Pavel Anzenbacher

Download or read book Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics written by Pavel Anzenbacher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practice-oriented desktop reference for medical professionals, toxicologists and pharmaceutical researchers, this handbook provides systematic coverage of the metabolic pathways of all major classes of xenobiotics in the human body. The first part comprehensively reviews the main enzyme systems involved in biotransformation and how they are orchestrated in the body, while parts two to four cover the three main classes of xenobiotics: drugs, natural products, environmental pollutants. The part on drugs includes more than 300 substances from five major therapeutic groups (central nervous system, cardiovascular system, cancer, infection, and pain) as well as most drugs of abuse including nicotine, alcohol and "designer" drugs. Selected, well-documented case studies from the most important xenobiotics classes illustrate general principles of metabolism, making this equally useful for teaching courses on pharmacology, drug metabolism or molecular toxicology. Of particular interest, and unique to this volume is the inclusion of a wide range of additional xenobiotic compounds, including food supplements, herbal preparations, and agrochemicals.

Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111854028X
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery by : Robert A. Copeland

Download or read book Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery written by Robert A. Copeland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers essential guidance for discovering and optimizing novel drug therapies Using detailed examples, Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery equips researchers with the tools needed to apply the science of enzymology and biochemistry to the discovery, optimization, and preclinical development of drugs that work by inhibiting specific enzyme targets. Readers will applaud this book for its clear and practical presentations, including its expert advice on best practices to follow and pitfalls to avoid. This Second Edition brings the book thoroughly up to date with the latest research findings and practices. Updates explore additional forms of enzyme inhibition and special treatments for enzymes that act on macromolecular substrates. Readers will also find new discussions detailing the development and application of the concept of drug-target residence time. Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery begins by explaining why enzymes are such important drug targets and then examines enzyme reaction mechanisms. The book covers: Reversible modes of inhibitor interactions with enzymes Assay considerations for compound library screening Lead optimization and structure-activity relationships for reversible inhibitors Slow binding and tight binding inhibitors Drug-target residence time Irreversible enzyme inactivators The book ends with a new chapter exploring the application of quantitative biochemical principles to the pharmacologic evaluation of drug candidates during lead optimization and preclinical development. The Second Edition of Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery continues to offer a treatment of enzymology applied to drug discovery that is quantitative and mathematically rigorous. At the same time, the clear and simple presentations demystify the complex science of enzymology, making the book accessible to many fields— from pharmacology to medicinal chemistry to biophysics to clinical medicine.

Enzymes and Drugs

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1786309394
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymes and Drugs by : Serge Kirkiacharian

Download or read book Enzymes and Drugs written by Serge Kirkiacharian and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-07-23 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzyme dysfunction, an essential catalyst for the smooth running of biochemical reactions and the maintenance of vital processes, is at the root of many pathologies that have paved the way for the development of numerous drugs. Aimed at pharmacists, biologists, biochemists, doctors, veterinarians, medicinal chemists and students from a wide range of disciplines, Enzymes and Drugs brings together, for the first time, extensive documentation highlighting the relationships between a large number of drugs and enzymes. The book also highlights new prospects for therapeutic discoveries offered by enzyme targeting. Numerous applications have been developed thanks to strategies for studying enzyme inhibition or activation, as well as the development of allosteric effectors, presented with their advantages and disadvantages. Various rare diseases, known as "orphan" diseases, have resulted from enzyme deficiency or absence. For their treatment, the introduction of substitute enzymes has led to major therapeutic advances.

Molecular and Applied Aspects of Oxidative Drug Metabolizing Enzymes

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461548551
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular and Applied Aspects of Oxidative Drug Metabolizing Enzymes by : Emel Arinç

Download or read book Molecular and Applied Aspects of Oxidative Drug Metabolizing Enzymes written by Emel Arinç and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Antalya, Turkey, August 31 - September 11, 1997

Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470508152
Total Pages : 1040 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors by : Claudiu T. Supuran

Download or read book Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors written by Claudiu T. Supuran and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together functional and structural informationrelevant to the design of drugs targeting zinc enzymes The second most abundant transition element in living organisms, zinc spans all areas of metabolism, with zinc-containing proteins offering both established and potential drug targets. Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors brings together functional and structural information relevant to these zinc-containing targets. With up-to-date overviews of the latest developments field, this unique and comprehensive text enables readers to understand zinc enzymes and evaluate them in a drug design context. With contributions from the leaders of today's research, Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors covers such key topics as: Major drug targets like carbonic anhydrases, matrix metalloproteinases, bacterial proteases, angiotensin-converting enzyme, histone deacetylase, and APOBEC3G Roles of recently discovered zinc-containing isozymes in cancer, obesity, epilepsy, pain management, malaria, and other conditions Cross reactivity of zinc-enzyme inhibitors and activators The extensive use of X-ray crystallography and QSAR studies for understanding zinc-containing proteins Clinical applications An essential resource for the discovery and development of new drug molecules, Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors gives researchers, professionals, students, and academics the foundation to understand and work with zinc enzyme inhibitors and activators.

Therapeutic Enzymes: Function and Clinical Implications

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981137709X
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Therapeutic Enzymes: Function and Clinical Implications by : Nikolaos Labrou

Download or read book Therapeutic Enzymes: Function and Clinical Implications written by Nikolaos Labrou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therapeutic enzymes exhibit fascinating features and opportunities, and represent a significant and promising subcategory of modern biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of several severe diseases. Research and drug developments efforts and the advancements in biotechnology over the past twenty years have greatly assisted the introduction of efficient and safe enzyme-based therapies for a range of both rare and common disorders. The introduction and regulatory approval of twenty different recombinant enzymes has enabled effective enzyme-replacement therapy. This volume aims to overview these therapeutic enzymes, focusing in particular on more recently approved enzymes produced by recombinant DNA technology. This volume is composed of four sections. Section 1 provides an overview of the production process and biochemical characterization of therapeutic enzymes, while Section 2 focuses upon the engineering strategies and delivery methods of therapeutic enzymes. Section 3 highlights the clinical applications of approved therapeutic enzymes, including aspects on their structure, indications and mechanisms of action. Together with information on these mechanisms, safety and immunogenicity issues and various adverse events of the recombinant enzymes used for therapy are discussed. Section 4, provides discussion on the prospective and future developments of new therapeutic enzymes. This book is aimed at academics, researchers and students undertaking advanced undergraduate/postgraduate programs in the biopharmaceutical/biotechnology area who wish to gain a comprehensive understanding of enzyme-based therapeutic molecules.

Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis

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Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038979163
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis by : Hye Suk Lee

Download or read book Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis written by Hye Suk Lee and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics and drug interaction studies have been extensively carried out in order to secure the druggability and safety of new chemical entities throughout the development of new drugs. Recently, drug metabolism and transport by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, respectively, as well as phase I drug metabolizing enzymes, have been studied. A combination of biochemical advances in the function and regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and automated analytical technologies are revolutionizing drug metabolism research. There are also potential drug–drug interactions with co-administered drugs due to inhibition and/or induction of drug metabolic enzymes and drug transporters. In addition, drug interaction studies have been actively performed to develop substrate cocktails that do not interfere with each other and a simultaneous analytical method of substrate drugs and their metabolites using a tandem mass spectrometer. This Special Issue has the aim of highlighting current progress in drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and bioanalysis.

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Quick Guide

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441956298
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Quick Guide by : Siamak Cyrus Khojasteh

Download or read book Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Quick Guide written by Siamak Cyrus Khojasteh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Quick Guide covers a number of aspects of drug assessment at drug discovery and development stages, topics such as pharmacokinetics, absorption, metabolism, enzyme kinetics, drug transporters, drug interactions, drug-like properties, assays and in silico calculations. It covers key concepts, with useful tables on physiological parameters (eg. blood flow to organs in x-species, expression and localization of enzymes and transporters), chemical structure, nomenclature, and moieties leading to bioactivation (with examples). Overall it includes a number of key topics useful at the drug discovery stage, which would serve as a quick reference with several examples from the literature to illustrate the concept.