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Drug Testing In Vitro
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Download or read book Drug Testing In Vitro written by Uwe Marx and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-27 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, expert scientists from industry and academia share their knowledge on the assembly of functional human tissues in vitro and how to design drug screenings predictive of human exposure. In so doing, they combine the latest technological developments with strategic outlooks, such as novel cell and tissue systems for drug screening and testing, as well as emerging in vitro culture technologies. Equally importantly, the book does not shy away from regulatory acceptance and ethical issues.
Book Synopsis In Vitro Drug Release Testing of Special Dosage Forms by : Nikoletta Fotaki
Download or read book In Vitro Drug Release Testing of Special Dosage Forms written by Nikoletta Fotaki and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guides readers on the proper use of in vitro drug release methodologies in order to evaluate the performance of special dosage forms In the last decade, the application of drug release testing has widened to a variety of novel/special dosage forms. In order to predict the in vivo behavior of such dosage forms, the design and development of the in vitro test methods need to take into account various aspects, including the dosage form design and the conditions at the site of application and the site of drug release. This unique book is the first to cover the field of in vitro release testing of special dosage forms in one volume. Featuring contributions from an international team of experts, it presents the state of the art of the use of in vitro drug release methodologies for assessing special dosage forms’ performances and describes the different techniques required for each one. In Vitro Drug Release Testing of Special Dosage Forms covers the in vitro release testing of: lipid based oral formulations; chewable oral drug products; injectables; drug eluting stents; inhalation products; transdermal formulations; topical formulations; vaginal and rectal delivery systems and ophthalmics. The book concludes with a look at regulatory aspects. Covers both oral and non-oral dosage forms Describes current regulatory conditions for in vitro drug release testing Features contributions from well respected global experts in dissolution testing In Vitro Drug Release Testing of Special Dosage Forms will find a place on the bookshelves of anyone working with special dosage forms, dissolution testing, drug formulation and delivery, pharmaceutics, and regulatory affairs.
Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Medicine by : Adrian Kilcoyne
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Medicine written by Adrian Kilcoyne and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breadth of the pharmaceutical medicine can be daunting, but this book is designed to navigate a path through the speciality. Providing a broad overview of all topics relevant to the discipline of pharmaceutical medicine, it gives you the facts fast, in a user-friendly format, without having to dive through page upon page of dense text. With 136 chapters spread across 8 sections, the text offers a thorough grounding in issues ranging from medicines regulation to clinical trial design and data management. This makes it a useful revision aid for exams as well as giving you a taster of areas of pharmaceutical medicine adjacent to your current role. For healthcare professionals already working in the field, this book offers a guiding hand in difficult situations as well as supplying rapid access to the latest recommendations and guidelines. Written by authors with experience in the industry and drug regulation, this comprehensive and authoritative guide provides a shoulder to lean on throughout your pharmaceutical career.
Book Synopsis In Vivo and in Vitro Interferences in Drug Testing by : Gina Cassella
Download or read book In Vivo and in Vitro Interferences in Drug Testing written by Gina Cassella and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Vitro Methods in Pharmaceutical Research by : Jose V. Castell
Download or read book In Vitro Methods in Pharmaceutical Research written by Jose V. Castell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-04 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Vitro Methods in Pharmaceutical Research provides a comprehensive guide to laboratory techniques for evaluating in vitro organ toxicity using cellular models. Step-by-step practical tips on how to perform and interpret assays for drug metabolism and toxicity assessment are provided, along with a comparison of different techniques available. It is a welcome addition to the literature at a time when interest is growing in cellular in vitro models for toxicology and pharmacology studies. - Meets the continuing demand for information in this field - Compares In Vitro techniques with other methods - Describes cell-culture methods used to investigate toxicity in cells derived from different organs - Includes contributions by leading experts in the field
Book Synopsis In Vitro Drug Testing by : Henrik Roed
Download or read book In Vitro Drug Testing written by Henrik Roed and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Predictive Drug Testing on Human Tumor Cells by : V. Hofmann
Download or read book Predictive Drug Testing on Human Tumor Cells written by V. Hofmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive drug testing on human tumor cells in order to define the appropriate chemotherapy will remain imperative as long as the anticancer agents available are few in number and show only limited activity. The advantages of an effective test would lie in obviating the need for testing antineoplastic agents on large cohorts of patients for assessment of drug activity (phase II studies) and in allowing determination of optimal use of anticancer agents (phase III trials). Such an in vitro test could help to better define dose and schedule of drugs preclinically. The additive value of individual drugs could be determined on tumor cells in vitro in order to define the best combination chemotherapy in vivo. Test-directed therapy would avoid unnecessary drug-related morbidity in patients with refractory tumors. Chemotherapy treatment would be more than justified even with side effects if palliation or even prolonged survival could be anticipated as a result. The benefits of predictive drug testing on human tumor cells would extend beyond improvement of individual patient treatment if the testing helped to identify new active agents. This spectrum of benefits to the entire field of oncology pro vides tremendous motivation for the development of such testing. Although a number of chemosensitivity tests have been proposed since the advent of modern anticancer chemotherapy, interest has been renewed by the possibility of cloning human tumor cells on agar plates, with a view to testing drug activity on cells with high pro liferation capacity.
Book Synopsis Dietary Supplements by : National Research Council
Download or read book Dietary Supplements written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-03 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing consumer interest in health and fitness has expanded the market for a wide range of products, from yoga mats to the multiple dietary supplements now on the market. Supplements are popular, but are they safe? Many dietary supplements are probably safe when used as recommended. However, since 1994 when Congress decided that they should be regulated as if they were foods, they are assumed to be safe unless the Food and Drug Administration can demonstrate that they pose a significant risk to the consumer. But there are many types of products that qualify as dietary supplements, and the distinctions can become muddled and vague. Manufacturers are not legally required to provide specific information about safety before marketing their products. And the sales of supplements have been steadily increasingâ€"all together, the various types now bring in almost $16 billion per year. Given these confounding factors, what kind of information can the Food and Drug Administration use to effectively regulate dietary supplements? This book provides a framework for evaluating dietary supplement safety and protecting the health of consumers.
Book Synopsis Anticancer Drug Development Guide by : Beverly A. Teicher
Download or read book Anticancer Drug Development Guide written by Beverly A. Teicher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-02-01 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume traces the critically important pathway by which a "molecule" becomes an "anticancer agent. " The recognition following World War I that the administration of toxic chemicals such as nitrogen mustards in a controlled manner could shrink malignant tumor masses for relatively substantial periods of time gave great impetus to the search for molecules that would be lethal to specific cancer cells. Weare still actively engaged in that search today. The question is how to discover these "anticancer" molecules. Anticancer Drug Development Guide: Preclinical Screening, Clinical Trials, and Approval, Second Edition describes the evolution to the present of preclinical screening methods. The National Cancer Institute's high-throughput, in vitro disease-specific screen with 60 or more human tumor cell lines is used to search for molecules with novel mechanisms of action or activity against specific phenotypes. The Human Tumor Colony-Forming Assay (HTCA) uses fresh tumor biopsies as sources of cells that more nearly resemble the human disease. There is no doubt that the greatest successes of traditional chemotherapy have been in the leukemias and lymphomas. Since the earliest widely used in vivo drug screening models were the murine L 1210 and P388 leukemias, the community came to assume that these murine tumor models were appropriate to the discovery of "antileukemia" agents, but that other tumor models would be needed to discover drugs active against solid tumors.
Book Synopsis Cell Culture Models of Biological Barriers by : Claus-Michael Lehr
Download or read book Cell Culture Models of Biological Barriers written by Claus-Michael Lehr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-08 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past ten years several sophisticated in vitro test systems based on epithelial cell cultures have been introduced in the field of drug delivery. These models have been found to be very useful in characterizing the permeability of drugs across epithelial tissues, and in studying formulations or carrier systems for improved drug delivery and
Book Synopsis Drug Absorption Studies by : Carsten Ehrhardt
Download or read book Drug Absorption Studies written by Carsten Ehrhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-22 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a well thought-out, highly practical text covering contemporary ‘in vitro’ techniques for drug absorption studies. Starting at the molecular level of investigation, it continues with cell monolayer models (both primary and cell lines) and culminates with in situ techniques as a final testing format. In addition, chapters on high-throughput assays, in vitro-in vivo correlation, bioinformatics and regulatory issues are covered, giving a comprehensive overview of available models and techniques. Moreover, an appendix consisting of a number of practical protocols is available online, updated as needed, and should prove very helpful to apply the techniques directly to the benchside.
Book Synopsis DRUG TESTING PLATFORM USING IN by : Zi Chen
Download or read book DRUG TESTING PLATFORM USING IN written by Zi Chen and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Drug Testing Platform Using in Vitro Electrophysiology and in Vivo Rodent Models for Evaluating Existing and Novel Cardiovascular Drugs and Their Potential Applications" by Zi, Chen, 陳孜, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Ion channels play crucial roles in normal cardiac function and in maintaining intracellular ion homeostasis in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Cardiovascular diseases and malignancy are two of the major global causes of mortality and both may be related to channelopathies. Although current therapeutic agents often have limited efficacy or undesirable side effects, development of new drugs is hindered by the lack of a human drug testing platform to determine their efficacy and side effects at an early stage. This dissertation first proposed an in vitro electrophysiological drug testing platform that utilized mouse cardiomyocytes and evaluated its effectiveness using digoxin. The effect of digoxin on lengthening of action potential duration was observed using the proposed platform. The effects were consistent through single cell level to monolayer and tissue level. Efforts were also made to test whether human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) offer a feasible cell source for human drug testing. The results obtained using iPSC-CMs were inconsistent with those observed using mouse cells. Nonetheless with careful optimization of protocols for the differentiation of iPSCs to yield a clone of cardiomyocytes with higher purity, there remains great promise for the application of human iPSCs in drug testing or even patient-specific drug testing. Next, the pharmacological potential of a previously identified new synthetic molecule, C11, was evaluated as a novel anti-arrhythmic agent. C11 is capable of forming chloride channels on the cell membrane through self-assembly. Treatment with C11 has been shown to terminate and prevent electrical stimulation-induced ventricular tachycardia in rats through lengthening of the action potential duration. C11 creates artificial chloride channels and simultaneously enhances the calcium current. It may be a superior anti-arrhythmic drug to amiodarone, one of the most common antiarrhythmic drugs in current clinical use, because it does not affect ventricular contractility. In the final study, HCN channels were identified as a possible oncogene in human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) as they are over-expressed in SCLC cell lines. Inhibition of HCN channels by a general HCN channel blocker, ivabradine, suppressed growth of the cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Ivabradine treatment also induced apoptosis, achieved, at least partially, through down regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. With the help of an in vitro electrophysiological drug testing platform and an in vivo rodent model, new therapeutic applications have been established for several drugs. These techniques can be further utilized to identify more potential drug candidates. Subjects: Cardiovascular agents
Book Synopsis Science, Medicine, and Animals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Science, Medicine, and Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-19 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science, Medicine, and Animals explains the role that animals play in biomedical research and the ways in which scientists, governments, and citizens have tried to balance the experimental use of animals with a concern for all living creatures. An accompanying Teacher's Guide is available to help teachers of middle and high school students use Science, Medicine, and Animals in the classroom. As students examine the issues in Science, Medicine, and Animals, they will gain a greater understanding of the goals of biomedical research and the real-world practice of the scientific method in general. Science, Medicine, and Animals and the Teacher's Guide were written by the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research and published by the National Research Council of the National Academies. The report was reviewed by a committee made up of experts and scholars with diverse perspectives, including members of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institutes of Health, the Humane Society of the United States, and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The Teacher's Guide was reviewed by members of the National Academies' Teacher Associates Network. Science, Medicine, and Animals is recommended by the National Science Teacher's Association NSTA Recommends.
Book Synopsis Cellular In Vitro Testing by : John Haycock
Download or read book Cellular In Vitro Testing written by John Haycock and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing cells in 2D under static conditions has long been the gold standard of cell culture, despite this method not being representative of the complex in vivo environment. The use of animal models also has clear ethical and scientific limitations, and increasingly the 3Rs (replacement, refinement, reduction) in relation to animal models are being
Book Synopsis Pharmacology in Drug Discovery and Development by : Terry P. Kenakin
Download or read book Pharmacology in Drug Discovery and Development written by Terry P. Kenakin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmacology in Drug Discovery and Development: Understanding Drug Response, Second Edition, is an introductory resource illustrating how pharmacology can be used to furnish the tools necessary to analyze different drug behavior and trace this behavior to its root cause or molecular mechanism of action. The concepts discussed in this book allow for the application of more predictive pharmacological procedures aimed at increasing therapeutic efficacy that will lead to more successful drug development. Chapters logically build upon one another to show how to characterize the pharmacology of any given molecule and allow for more informed predictions of drug effects in all biological systems. New chapters are dedicated to the interdisciplinary drug discovery environment in both industry and academia, and special techniques involved in new drug screening and lead optimization. This edition has been fully revised to address the latest advances and research related to real time kinetic assays, pluridimensional efficacy, signaling bias, irreversible and chemical antagonism, allosterically-induced bias, pharmacokinetics and safety, target and pathway validation, and much more. With numerous valuable chapter summaries, detailed references, practical examples and case studies throughout, Dr. Kenakin successfully navigates a highly complex subject, making it accessible for students, professors, and new researchers working in pharmacology and drug discovery. - Includes example-based cases that illustrate how the pharmacological concepts discussed in this book lead to practical outcomes for further research - Provides vignettes on those researchers and scientists who have contributed significantly to the fields of pharmacology and drug discovery throughout history - Offers sample questions throughout the book and an appendix containing answers for self-testing and retention
Book Synopsis Cell Culture Models of Biological Barriers by : Claus-Michael Lehr
Download or read book Cell Culture Models of Biological Barriers written by Claus-Michael Lehr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-08 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past ten years several sophisticated in vitro test systems based on epithelial cell cultures have been introduced in the field of drug delivery. These models have been found to be very useful in characterizing the permeability of drugs across epithelial tissues, and in studying formulations or carrier systems for improved drug delivery and
Book Synopsis Toxicity and Drug Testing by : Bill Acree
Download or read book Toxicity and Drug Testing written by Bill Acree and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern drug design and testing involves experimental in vivo and in vitro measurement of the drug candidate's ADMET (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity) properties in the early stages of drug discovery. Only a small percentage of the proposed drug candidates receive government approval and reach the market place. Unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, poor bioavailability and efficacy, low solubility, adverse side effects and toxicity concerns account for many of the drug failures encountered in the pharmaceutical industry. Authors from several countries have contributed chapters detailing regulatory policies, pharmaceutical concerns and clinical practices in their respective countries with the expectation that the open exchange of scientific results and ideas presented in this book will lead to improved pharmaceutical products.
