Does Import Competition Induce Rd Reallocation Evidence From The Us

Download Does Import Competition Induce Rd Reallocation Evidence From The Us full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Does Import Competition Induce Rd Reallocation Evidence From The Us ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Does Import Competition Induce R&D Reallocation? Evidence from the U.S.

Author : Rui Xu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 148432952X
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Does Import Competition Induce R&D Reallocation? Evidence from the U.S. by : Rui Xu

Download or read book Does Import Competition Induce R&D Reallocation? Evidence from the U.S. written by Rui Xu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the impact of rising import competition from China on U.S. innovative activities. Using Compustat data, we find that import competition induces R&D expenditures to be reallocated towards more productive and more profitable firms within each industry. Such reallocation effect has the potential to offset the average drop in firm-level R&D identified in the previous literature. Indeed, our quantitative analysis shows no adverse impact of import competition on aggregate R&D expenditures. Taking the analysis beyond manufacturing, we find that import competition has led to reallocation of researchers towards booming service industries, including business and repairs, personal services, and financial services.

Does Import Competition Induce R&D Reallocation? Evidence from the U.S.

Author : Rui Xu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484326008
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Does Import Competition Induce R&D Reallocation? Evidence from the U.S. by : Rui Xu

Innovation Matters

Author : Richard J. Gilbert
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262545799
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Innovation Matters by : Richard J. Gilbert

Download or read book Innovation Matters written by Richard J. Gilbert and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal for moving from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy, reviewing theory and evidence on economic incentives for innovation. Competition policy and antitrust enforcement have traditionally focused on prices rather than innovation. Economic theory shows the ways that price competition benefits consumers, and courts, antitrust agencies, and economists have developed tools for the quantitative evaluation of price impacts. Antitrust law does not preclude interventions to encourage innovation, but over time the interpretation of the laws has raised obstacles to enforcement policies for innovation. In this book, economist Richard Gilbert proposes a shift from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy. Antitrust enforcement should be concerned with protecting incentives for innovation and preserving opportunities for dynamic, rather than static, competition. In a high-technology economy, Gilbert argues, innovation matters. Gilbert considers both theory and available empirical evidence on the relationships among market structure, firm behavior, and the production of new products and services. He reviews the distinctive features of the high-tech economy and why current analytical tools used by antitrust enforcers aren't up to the task of assessing innovation concerns. He considers, from the perspective of innovation competition, Kenneth Arrow's “replacement effect” and the Schumpeterian theory of market power and appropriation; discusses the effect of mergers on innovation and future price competition; and reviews the empirical literature on competition, mergers, and innovation. He describes examples of merger enforcement by US and European antitrust agencies; examines cases brought against Microsoft and Google; and discusses the risks and benefits of interoperability standards. Finally, he offers recommendations for competition policy. The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.

Latin America and the Caribbean Economic Review, April 2024

Author : William Maloney
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464821119
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Latin America and the Caribbean Economic Review, April 2024 by : William Maloney

Download or read book Latin America and the Caribbean Economic Review, April 2024 written by William Maloney and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2024-04-10 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has made slow but consistent progress addressing the imbalances induced by the pandemic in an international environment that is just now showing signs of stabilizing. Despite favorable macroeconomic management, high interest rates and fiscal imbalances remain challenging while growth rates remain lackluster due to long-standing structural issues. Looking forward, an aging workforce and rising violence will increasingly complicate policy. This report focuses particularly on weak competitive forces as a source of low productivity, low growth, and low welfare in LAC. It emphasizes the need for effective competition institutions, pro-competition regulatory frameworks, complementary policies to improve the capabilities of workers and firms, and enhanced innovation systems, to prepare local industries to reach the technological frontier and face global competition. Furthermore, the report underscores the need for reforms to prevent large businesses from exerting undue political influence over policy decisions.

The Impact of International Trade and FDI on Economic Growth and Technological Change

Author : Patricia Hofmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642345816
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Impact of International Trade and FDI on Economic Growth and Technological Change by : Patricia Hofmann

Download or read book The Impact of International Trade and FDI on Economic Growth and Technological Change written by Patricia Hofmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic globalisation and technological change are the two issues that concerned people in the past, concern them today and will concern them in the future - all over the world, poor or rich. Traditionally, questions about allocative effects are asked: What are the labour market implications? Who loses? Who wins? What is the net aggregate welfare effect after an adjustment period? However, two points are rarely taken into consideration: How do globalisation and technological change interact and what are the potential long-run implications for economic growth? This book addresses the interplay of these megatrends. It asks how economic globalisation may affect innovation and technology of individual firms and eventually the growth prospects of countries. Thereby it shows that protectionism not only harms static efficiency but might as well lead to dynamic losses. The book provides a systematic overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the openness-growth nexus and summarises the conceptual problems and important findings of the empirical analyses so far. The theoretical insights are supported by two empirical studies, the first dealing with the innovative behaviour and the “within-multinational” technology transfer of Spanish firms that were acquired by foreign companies and the second analysing productivity growth rate implications from exporting for German manufacturing firms.

Imports, Exports, and the American Worker

Author : Susan M. Collins
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815714998
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Imports, Exports, and the American Worker by : Susan M. Collins

Download or read book Imports, Exports, and the American Worker written by Susan M. Collins and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Will technological improvement and growth in the rest of the world cause a decline in American living standards? Can government policy in Japan and Western Europe limit the availability of high- wage jobs in America? Does expanding trade with Mexico and other developing countries with large numbers of inexpensive workers imply a continuing decline in wages for low-skilled American workers? These questions express a widespread concern about potential negative effects of import competition on domestic labor markets, but ignore potential gains to U.S. workers from exports abroad. Through U.S. exports, the rest of the world is an increasingly large indirect employer of U.S. workers, and through imports, foreign labor is an increasingly important potential substitute for U.S. workers. Bringing together the often diverse perspectives of international economists, labor economists, and policymakers, this volume analyzes how international trade affects the level and distribution of wages and employment in the United States, examines the need for government intervention, and evaluates policy options. In addition to the editor, the contributors are Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University and American Enterprise Institute; J. Bradford De Long, U.S. Department of the Treasury and University of California, Berkeley; I. M. Destler, University of Maryland and Institute for International Economics; Richard B. Freeman, Harvard University and London School of Economics; Louis Jacobson, WESTAT; Lori G. Kletzer, University of California, Santa Cruz; Edward Leamer, University of California, Los Angeles; Michael Piore, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Ana Revenga and Claudio Montenegro, The World Bank; Jeffrey D. Sachs and Howard Shatz, Harvard University.

Falling Trade Costs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Industry Dynamics

Author : Andrew B. Bernard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Falling Trade Costs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Industry Dynamics by : Andrew B. Bernard

Download or read book Falling Trade Costs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Industry Dynamics written by Andrew B. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the response of industries and firms to changes in trade costs. Several new firm-level models of international trade with heterogeneous firms predict that industry productivity will rise as trade costs fall due to the reallocation of activity across plants within an industry. Using disaggregated U.S. import data, we create a new measure of trade costs over time and industries. As the models predict, productivity growth is faster in industries with falling trade costs. We also find evidence supporting the major hypotheses of the heterogenous-firm models. Plants in industries with falling trade costs are more likely to die or become exporters. Existing exporters increase their shipments abroad. The results do not apply equally across all sectors but are strongest for industries most likely to be producing horizontally-differentiated tradeable goods.

World Trade Evolution

Author : Lili Yan Ing
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351061526
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis World Trade Evolution by : Lili Yan Ing

Download or read book World Trade Evolution written by Lili Yan Ing and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides theoretical and empirical evidence on how world trade evolves, how trade affects resource allocation, how trade competition affects productivity, how China shock affects world trade and how trade affects large and small countries. It is a useful reference which focuses on new approaches to international trade by looking into country-specific as well as firm-product level-specific cases.

Non-Tariff Barriers, Regionalism and Poverty

Author : L Alan Winters
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814571288
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Non-Tariff Barriers, Regionalism and Poverty by : L Alan Winters

Download or read book Non-Tariff Barriers, Regionalism and Poverty written by L Alan Winters and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Tariff Barriers, Regionalism and Poverty is a collection of key articles in three important areas of applied international trade research: measuring non-tariff barriers and their effects, the consequences of regional trading arrangements, especially on the countries excluded from them, and the connection between international trade and poverty. Drawing from 30 years of research and experience, L Alan Winters illustrates the development of techniques of this field and his continued commitment to answering real policy questions at the times at which they are debated. The collection shows the ways in which economic and econometric analysis can be used to answer real-world problems rigorously in the area of international trade and trade policy. Readers will find that some of the research included is of current methodological relevance and some of more historical significance. This volume is invaluable to anyone who is keen on developing their knowledge on trade policy, regionalism or poverty — three pressing issues in today's globalized world. Contents:IntroductionNon-Tariff Barriers:The Extent of Nontariff Barriers to Industrial Countries' Imports (with JJ Nogués and A Olechowski)Do Exporters Gain from VERs? (with J de Melo)Labour Adjustment Costs and British Footwear Protection (with WE Takacs)Voluntary Export Restraints and Rationing: U.K. Leather Footwear Imports from Eastern Europe (with PA Brenton)VERs and Expectations: Extensions and EvidenceDigging for Victory: Agricultural Policy and National SecurityRegionalism:Separability and the Specification of Foreign Trade FunctionsBritish Imports of Manufactures and the Common MarketRegionalism and the Rest of the World: The Irrelevance of the Kemp-Wan TheoremHow Regional Blocs Affect Excluded Countries: The Price Effects of MERCOSUR (with W Chang)Trade and Economic Geography: The Impact of EEC Accession on the UK (with HG Overman)Trade and Poverty:Trade Liberalisation and Poverty: What are the Links?Trade Liberalization and Poverty: The Evidence So Far (with N McCulloch and A McKay)Trade Liberalisation and Economic Performance: An OverviewTrade Liberalisation and Poverty Dynamics in Vietnam (with Y Niimi and P Vasudeva Dutta)Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Poverty Dynamics in Three Developing Countries (with J Litchfield and N McCulloch)Why Isn't the Doha Development Agenda More Poverty Friendly? (with TW Hertel, R Keeney, and M Ivanic)Trade as an Engine of Creative Destruction: Mexican Experience with Chinese Competition (with L Iacovone and F Rauch) Readership: Undergraduates, research students and professionals interested in macroeconomics; international trade practitioners. Key Features:Shows the ways in which economic and econometric analysis can be used to answer real-world problems rigorously in the area of international trade and trade policyThe broad collection of applied work on trade illustrates problems and analyses that others may find a useful base for their own workKeywords:International Trade;Poverty;Regional Trading Arrangements (RTAs);Trade Barriers;Non-Tariff Barriers

The Age of Productivity

Author : Inter-American Development Bank
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230107613
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Age of Productivity by : Inter-American Development Bank

Download or read book The Age of Productivity written by Inter-American Development Bank and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age of Productivity offers a look at how the low productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean is preventing the region from catching up with the developed world. The authors look beyond the traditional macro explanations and dig all the way down to the industry and firm level to uncover the causes.

Scoring 50 Years of US Industrial Policy, 1970–2020

Author : Gary Clyde Hufbauer
Publisher : Peterson Institute for International Economics
ISBN 13 : 0881327468
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (813 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Scoring 50 Years of US Industrial Policy, 1970–2020 by : Gary Clyde Hufbauer

Download or read book Scoring 50 Years of US Industrial Policy, 1970–2020 written by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and published by Peterson Institute for International Economics. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial policy is making a comeback in the United States. It is more urgent than ever to understand how and whether industrial policy has worked to strengthen the US economy. This study analyzes and scores 18 US industrial policy episodes implemented between 1970 and 2020, in an effort to assess what went right and what went wrong—and how the current initiatives might fare. The Peterson Institute for International Economics gratefully acknowledges the support of the Koch Foundation for this project.

Why Is Labor Receiving a Smaller Share of Global Income? Theory and Empirical Evidence

Author : Mai Chi Dao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484311043
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Why Is Labor Receiving a Smaller Share of Global Income? Theory and Empirical Evidence by : Mai Chi Dao

Download or read book Why Is Labor Receiving a Smaller Share of Global Income? Theory and Empirical Evidence written by Mai Chi Dao and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents the downward trend in the labor share of global income since the early 1990s, as well as its heterogeneous evolution across countries, industries and worker skill groups, using a newly assembled dataset, and analyzes the drivers behind it. Technological progress, along with varying exposure to routine occupations, explains about half the overall decline in advanced economies, with a larger negative impact on middle-skilled workers. In emerging markets, the labor share evolution is explained predominantly by global integration, particularly the expansion of global value chains that contributed to raising the overall capital intensity in production.

What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition?

Author : Sónia Félix
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513521519
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition? by : Sónia Félix

Download or read book What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition? written by Sónia Félix and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the macroeconomic effect and underlying firm-level transmission channels of a reduction in business entry costs. We provide novel evidence on the response of firms' entry, exit, and employment decisions. To do so, we use as a natural experiment a reform in Portugal that reduced entry time and costs. Using the staggered implementation of the policy across the Portuguese municipalities, we find that the reform increased local entry and employment by, respectively, 25% and 4.8% per year in its first four years of implementation. Moreover, around 60% of the increase in employment came from incumbent firms expanding their size, with most of the rise occurring among the most productive firms. Standard models of firm dynamics, which assume a constant elasticity of substitution, are inconsistent with the expansionary and heterogeneous response across incumbent firms. We show that in a model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups the most productive firms face a lower demand elasticity and expand their employment in response to increased entry.

OECD Employment Outlook 2012

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264177906
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis OECD Employment Outlook 2012 by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Employment Outlook 2012 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 30th edition of the OECD Employment Outlook examines the labour market performance of OECD countries as well as the prospects in the short term.

The Great Reversal

Author : Thomas Philippon
Publisher : Belknap Press
ISBN 13 : 0674237544
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Great Reversal by : Thomas Philippon

Download or read book The Great Reversal written by Thomas Philippon and published by Belknap Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American markets, once a model for the world, are giving up on competition. Thomas Philippon blames the unchecked efforts of corporate lobbyists. Instead of earning profits by investing and innovating, powerful firms use political pressure to secure their advantages. The result is less efficient markets, leading to higher prices and lower wages.

Changing Patterns of Global Trade

Author : Nagwa Riad
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1463973101
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (639 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Changing Patterns of Global Trade by : Nagwa Riad

Download or read book Changing Patterns of Global Trade written by Nagwa Riad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing Patterns of Global Trade outlines the factors underlying important shifts in global trade that have occurred in recent decades. The emergence of global supply chains and their increasing role in trade patterns allowed emerging market economies to boost their inputs in high-technology exports and is associated with increased trade interconnectedness.The analysis points to one important trend taking place over the last decade: the emergence of China as a major systemically important trading hub, reflecting not only the size of trade but also the increase in number of its significant trading partners.

Trading with China

Author : Mr.JaeBin Ahn
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 148430196X
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Trading with China by : Mr.JaeBin Ahn

Download or read book Trading with China written by Mr.JaeBin Ahn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-05-26 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the impact on productivity in advanced economies of fast-growing trade with China between the mid-1990s and late-2000s, separately identifying the export and import channels. We use country-sector-level data for 18 advanced economies and, similar to Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013), exploit exogenous variation in trade with China in a given country-sector by instrumenting imports from (exports to) China in a given country-sector with the average imports from (exports to) China in the same sector in other advanced economies. Our estimates point to large productivity gains from trading with China—the (exogenous) rise of China in global trade may have increased the level of total factor productivity by about 1.9 percent, or 12.3 percent of the overall increase over the sample period, in the median country-sector. By contrast, using a similar empirical strategy, we find adverse employment effects of Chinese imports in exposed country-industries, consistent with previous studies. Taken together, these findings point to large gains from free trade, while underscoring the scope for a more active policy role in redistributing them, particularly by easing workers’ transition between jobs and industries.