Do Women Shy Away From Competition Do Men Compete Too Much

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Do Women Shy Away from Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much?

Author : Muriel Niederle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Do Women Shy Away from Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much? by : Muriel Niederle

Download or read book Do Women Shy Away from Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much? written by Muriel Niederle and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Competitive high ranking positions are largely occupied by men, and women remain scarce in engineering and sciences. Explanations for these occupational differences focus on discrimination and preferences for work hours and field of study. We examine if absent these factors gender differences in occupations may still occur. Specifically we explore whether women and men, on a leveled playing field, differ in their selection into competitive environments. Men and women in a laboratory experiment perform a real task under a non-competitive piece rate and a competitive tournament scheme. Although there are no gender differences in performance under either compensation, there is a substantial gender difference when participants subsequently choose the scheme they want to apply to their next performance. Twice as many men as women choose the tournament over the piece rate. This gender gap in tournament entry is not explained by performance either before or after the entry decision. Furthermore, while men are more optimistic about their relative performance, differences in beliefs only explain a small share of the gap in tournament entry. In a final task we assess the impact of non-tournament-specific factors, such as risk and feedback aversion, on the gender difference in compensation choice. We conclude that even controlling for these general factors, there is a large residual gender gap in tournament entry"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.

Do Women Shy Awa from Competition ? Do Men Compete Too Much ?

Author : Muriel Niederle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Do Women Shy Awa from Competition ? Do Men Compete Too Much ? by : Muriel Niederle

Download or read book Do Women Shy Awa from Competition ? Do Men Compete Too Much ? written by Muriel Niederle and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gender and Competition

Author : Alison L. Booth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (466 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and Competition by : Alison L. Booth

Download or read book Gender and Competition written by Alison L. Booth and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In almost all European Union countries, the gender wage gap is increasing across the wages distribution. In this lecture I briefly survey some recent studies aiming to explain why apparently identical women and men receive such different returns and focus especially on those incorporating pyschological factors as an explanation of the gender gap. Research areas with high potential returns to further analysis are identified. Several examples from my own recent experimental work with Patrick Nolen are also presented. These try to distinguish between the role of nature and nurture in affecting behavioural differences between men and women that might lead to gender wage gaps.

The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy

Author : Susan L. Averett
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190878266
Total Pages : 889 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.

The Handbook of Experimental Economics

Author : John H. Kagel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691213259
Total Pages : 742 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Experimental Economics by : John H. Kagel

Download or read book The Handbook of Experimental Economics written by John H. Kagel and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which comprises eight chapters, presents a comprehensive critical survey of the results and methods of laboratory experiments in economics. The first chapter provides an introduction to experimental economics as a whole, with the remaining chapters providing surveys by leading practitioners in areas of economics that have seen a concentration of experiments: public goods, coordination problems, bargaining, industrial organization, asset markets, auctions, and individual decision making. The work aims both to help specialists set an agenda for future research and to provide nonspecialists with a critical review of work completed to date. Its focus is on elucidating the role of experimental studies as a progressive research tool so that wherever possible, emphasis is on series of experiments that build on one another. The contributors to the volume--Colin Camerer, Charles A. Holt, John H. Kagel, John O. Ledyard, Jack Ochs, Alvin E. Roth, and Shyam Sunder--adopt a particular methodological point of view: the way to learn how to design and conduct experiments is to consider how good experiments grow organically out of the issues and hypotheses they are designed to investigate.

Choosing to Compete

Author : Alison L. Booth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Choosing to Compete by : Alison L. Booth

Download or read book Choosing to Compete written by Alison L. Booth and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Mind Of Her Own

Author : Anne Campbell
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199609543
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis A Mind Of Her Own by : Anne Campbell

Download or read book A Mind Of Her Own written by Anne Campbell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-05-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the new edition of a successful book, Anne Campbell redresses the balance of evolutionary theory in favour of women. She examines how selection pressures have shaped the female mind over thousands of generations: Their emotions, friendship, competition, aggression and mate choice.

Why Gender Matters in Economics

Author : Mukesh Eswaran
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691203253
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Gender Matters in Economics by : Mukesh Eswaran

Download or read book Why Gender Matters in Economics written by Mukesh Eswaran and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An economic way of thinking about the gender issues confronting women around the world Gender matters in economics—for even with today's technology, fertility choices, market opportunities, and improved social norms, economic outcomes for women remain markedly worse than for men. Drawing on insights from feminism, postmodernism, psychology, evolutionary biology, Marxism, and politics, this textbook provides a rigorous economic look at issues confronting women throughout the world—including nonmarket scenarios, such as marriage, family, fertility choice, and bargaining within households, as well as market areas, like those pertaining to labor and credit markets and globalization. Mukesh Eswaran examines how women’s behavioral responses in economic situations and their bargaining power within the household differ from those of men. Eswaran then delves into the far-reaching consequences of these differences in both market and nonmarket domains. The author considers how women may be discriminated against in labor and credit markets, how their family and market circumstances interact, and how globalization has influenced their lives. Eswaran also investigates how women have been empowered through access to education, credit, healthcare, and birth control; changes in ownership laws; the acquisition of suffrage; and political representation. Throughout, Eswaran applies sound economic analysis and new modeling approaches, and each chapter concludes with exercises and discussion questions. This textbook gives readers the necessary tools for thinking about gender from an economic perspective. Addresses economic issues for women throughout the world, in both developed and developing countries Looks at both market and nonmarket domains Requires only a background in basic economic principles Includes the most recent research on the economics of gender in a range of areas Concludes each chapter with exercises and discussion questions

Do Gays Shy Away from Competition?

Author : Thomas Buser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Do Gays Shy Away from Competition? by : Thomas Buser

Download or read book Do Gays Shy Away from Competition? written by Thomas Buser and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sex, Evolution, and Behavior

Author : Martin Daly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Sex, Evolution, and Behavior by : Martin Daly

Download or read book Sex, Evolution, and Behavior written by Martin Daly and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an elementary level discussion of recent theory relating to the evolutionary and adaptive aspects of reproductive behaviour. The relation between ultimate and proximate levels of explanation is the major theme of the book. Two new chapters in this edition incorporate findings from recent research and there is also new material on humans, physiology, and development. Sex and reproductive behaviour are examined from an evolutionary comparative perspective and numerous empirical studies and examples are cited.

Neuroeconomics: the Odyssey

Author : Varoozh Sahakian
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1477155201
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (771 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroeconomics: the Odyssey by : Varoozh Sahakian

Download or read book Neuroeconomics: the Odyssey written by Varoozh Sahakian and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Armenian origin neuroeconomist, Varoozh Sahakian, holds D.B.A., Ph.D degrees in Economics & a Ph.D in Sociology. His disappointment with thetraditional neoclassical economic theory top-down"macho-biased" approach to homo-economicus, alongwith his belief that homo-sapines choicebehavior & decision-making is limited mainly by his/her biology, or in other words, economics actually is apart of biology science, motivated him to gather deepknowledge about human bilology, brain & nervoussystem, gender differences, genetic and hormonal &chemical functions. The "Female brain unearths the neoclassicaleconomic theory biases/ anomalies, " book is the first oftwo books the author has written about this newborn, yet, burgeoning field of "Neuro-economics, " a highlypromising human science approach to understandingthe neurobiological bases of human choice behaviorand decision-making processes. The author presents a very promising andblossoming scientific field, which portrays a moreaccurate and real & candid picture of human naturethan neoclassical reductionist economic theory.In many aspects, neuroeconomics approach is apositive, constructive one, helping to explain thehuman capacity for kindness and cooperation andthe centrality of fairness to social emotions, morality &norms (by-passed by many Walrasian and neoclassicaladvocates). The book, after all, introduces an economicagent who is not necessarily acquisitive automationconditioned always to narrow self-interest, likeneoclassical economic theory's unisex (macho)or unsex, but can be a female &male, young & olddecision maker. In other words, it introduces a morereal, "whole human:" A 'Homo-Neuro-Economicus.'The most outstanding initiative of the bookis the introduction of a feminist economic theory, its critical approach to the neoclassical economictheory, supported interestingly not only by sociocultural/historical insights but by neuro-biological, psychological, gender, chemical & hormonal evidence, too. The author envisions, that this challengingdiscipline is likely, once for all, to realize Adam Smith & David Hume's dream by providing;"A unified theory of human choice behaviorand decision-making in the forthcoming future."

Inside the Mind of the Entrepreneur

Author : Ana Tur Porcar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319624555
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Inside the Mind of the Entrepreneur by : Ana Tur Porcar

Download or read book Inside the Mind of the Entrepreneur written by Ana Tur Porcar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book connects entrepreneurship and psychology research by focusing on the personality dimensions of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial cognition, entrepreneurial leadership, and gender behavior. It features state of the art interdisciplinary research offering a unified perspective on entrepreneurial psychology. Individual chapters address advances related to entrepreneurial intentions, complexity management, personality psychology, intrapreneurial behavior, entrepreneurial communities and demographic changes, among others. Laboratory experiments that study entrepreneurial behavior round out the coverage.

The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Competition

Author : Stephen M. Garcia
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190060824
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Competition by : Stephen M. Garcia

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Competition written by Stephen M. Garcia and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-05 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Competition, Stephen M. Garcia, Avishalom Tor, and Andrew J. Elliot review and organize the literature on the psychology of competition and bring together leading researchers studying competition across the field of psychology. The first section on Biological Approaches reviews findings on competition from the subfields of psychobiology, neuroscience, psycho-endocrinology, and evolutionary psychology. The section on Motivational and Emotional Approaches examines the opposing motivational forces in competition and describes how competitive motivation is influenced by goals, competitive arousal, and envy. Cognitive and Decision-Making Approaches showcases relevant findings from the literature on judgment and decision making, social dilemmas, cognitive biases, and risk-taking. The section on Social-Personality and Organizational Approaches includes chapters on trait competitiveness, gender differences in competition, rivalry, status competition, and social comparison. The volume concludes with a section in which the psychological study of competition is focused on specific contexts, such as sports, education, and culture. The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Competition is a crucial interdisciplinary investigation into the variety of perspectives and approaches to the psychology of competition, facilitating new research and integration in the field.

The War of the Sexes

Author : Paul Seabright
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691159726
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The War of the Sexes by : Paul Seabright

Download or read book The War of the Sexes written by Paul Seabright and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-13 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How our stone-age brains made modern society, and why it matters for relationships between men and women As countless love songs, movies, and self-help books attest, men and women have long sought different things. The result? Seemingly inevitable conflict. Yet we belong to the most cooperative species on the planet. Isn't there a way we can use this capacity to achieve greater harmony and equality between the sexes? In The War of the Sexes, Paul Seabright argues that there is—but first we must understand how the tension between conflict and cooperation developed in our remote evolutionary past, how it shaped the modern world, and how it still holds us back, both at home and at work. Drawing on biology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, Seabright shows that conflict between the sexes is, paradoxically, the product of cooperation. The evolutionary niche—the long dependent childhood—carved out by our ancestors requires the highest level of cooperative talent. But it also gives couples more to fight about. Men and women became experts at influencing one another to achieve their cooperative ends, but also became trapped in strategies of manipulation and deception in pursuit of sex and partnership. In early societies, economic conditions moved the balance of power in favor of men, as they cornered scarce resources for use in the sexual bargain. Today, conditions have changed beyond recognition, yet inequalities between men and women persist, as the brains, talents, and preferences we inherited from our ancestors struggle to deal with the unpredictable forces unleashed by the modern information economy. Men and women today have an unprecedented opportunity to achieve equal power and respect. But we need to understand the mixed inheritance of conflict and cooperation left to us by our primate ancestors if we are finally to escape their legacy.

The Male Brain

Author : Louann Brizendine, MD
Publisher : Harmony
ISBN 13 : 0767927540
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (679 download)

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Book Synopsis The Male Brain by : Louann Brizendine, MD

Download or read book The Male Brain written by Louann Brizendine, MD and published by Harmony. This book was released on 2011-01-25 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of the groundbreaking New York Times bestseller The Female Brain, here is the eagerly awaited follow-up book that demystifies the puzzling male brain. Dr. Louann Brizendine, the founder of the first clinic in the country to study gender differences in brain, behavior, and hormones, turns her attention to the male brain, showing how, through every phase of life, the "male reality" is fundamentally different from the female one. Exploring the latest breakthroughs in male psychology and neurology with her trademark accessibility and candor, she reveals that the male brain: -is a lean, mean, problem-solving machine. Faced with a personal problem, a man will use his analytical brain structures, not his emotional ones, to find a solution. -thrives under competition, instinctively plays rough and is obsessed with rank and hierarchy. -has an area for sexual pursuit that is 2.5 times larger than the female brain, consuming him with sexual fantasies about female body parts. -experiences such a massive increase in testosterone at puberty that he perceive others' faces to be more aggressive. The Male Brain finally overturns the stereotypes. Impeccably researched and at the cutting edge of scientific knowledge, this is a book that every man, and especially every woman bedeviled by a man, will need to own.

A Bigger Prize

Author : Margaret Heffernan
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1471100774
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (711 download)

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Book Synopsis A Bigger Prize by : Margaret Heffernan

Download or read book A Bigger Prize written by Margaret Heffernan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-02-27 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the 100 best behavioural economic books of all time recommended by Jeff Bezos, Tim Ferriss, Satya Nadella, Brian Tracy and Erik Brynjolfsson. The Olympics. Britain's Got Talent. The Rich List. The Nobel Prize. Everywhere you look: competition - for fame, money, attention, status. We depend on competition and expect it to identify the best, make complicated decisions easy and, most of all, to motivate the lazy and inspire the dreamers. How has that worked out so far? Rising levels of fraud, cheating, stress, inequality and political stalemates abound. Siblings won't speak to each other they're so rivalrous. Kids can't make friends because they don't want to cede their top class ranking to their fellow students. (Their parents don't want them to either.) The richest men in the world sulk when they fall a notch or two in the rich list. Doping proliferates among athletes. Auditors and fund managers go to jail for insider trading. Our dog-eat-dog culture has decimated companies, incapacitated collaborators and sown distrust. Winners take all while the desire to win consumes all, inciting panic and despair. Just as we have learned that individuals aren't rational and markets aren't efficient but went ahead operating as though they were, we now know that competition quite regularly doesn't work, the best do not always rise to the top and the so-called efficiency of competition throws off a very great deal of waste. It might be comforting to designate these 'perverse outcomes' but as aberrations mount, they start to look more like a norm. It doesn't have to be that way. Around the world, individuals and organizations are finding creative, collaborative ways to work that don't pit people against each other but support them in their desire to work together. While the rest of the world remains mired in pitiless sniping, racing to the bottom, the future belongs to the people and companies who have learned that they are greater working together than against one another. Some call that soft but it's harder than anything they've done before. They are the real winners.

Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior

Author : Jerry Suls
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190629118
Total Pages : 681 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior by : Jerry Suls

Download or read book Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior written by Jerry Suls and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-12-20 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparison with other people, a core element of social life, influences self-concept, attitudes, conformity, psychological and physical well-being, achievement, educational outcomes, and social movements. Social comparison has become particularly salient as social and income inequalities have been increasingly recognized in the United States and elsewhere globally. This volume presents classic and state-of-the-science chapters by leading experts that survey the major areas of social comparison theory and research. Authored by noted experts, the volume is divided into three sections: Basic Comparison Processes, Neighboring Fields, and Applications. The first section is comprised of chapters that update classic theories and present contemporary advances, such as the dominating effect of local versus global comparisons, an analysis of the psychology of competition, how comparisons across different domains influence self-concept and achievement, and the integral connections between stereotyping and comparison. The second section introduces perspectives from related fields, such as the decision and network sciences, that shed new light on social comparison. The third section focuses on practical applications of comparison, including relative deprivation, health psychology, the effects of income inequality on well-being, and the relationship of power to comparison. This volume is a must-read for anyone interested in the field of social comparison and its implications for everyday life.