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Author : Christina Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Do Wage Differentials Exist in the Labor Market? written by Christina Brown and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030903177X
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Women, Work, and Wages written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981-02-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to determine whether methods of job analysis and classification currently used are biased by traditional sex stereotypes or other factors, a committee assessed formal systems of job evaluation and other methods currently employed in the private and public sectors for establishing the comparability of jobs and their levels of compensation. A review of sociological and economic literature shows that some differences in the characteristics of workers and in jobs do form a legitimate basis for wage differentials. Nevertheless, there exists a pervasiveness of occupational and job segregation by sex. Given the current operation of the labor market and the existence of a variety of factors that permit the persistence of earning differentials between men and women (e.g., labor market segmentation, job segregation, and employment practices), it would seem that intentional and unintentional discriminatory elements enter into the determination of wages and are not likely to disappear. Use of a job evaluation system is one possible remedy to this situation. While the subjectivity of job evaluation makes job evaluations less than perfect vehicles for resolving pay disputes, they can serve to identify potential wage discrimination. (MN)
Author : June O'Neill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)
Download or read book What Do Wage Differentials Tell Us about Labor Market Discrimination? written by June O'Neill and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the extent to which non-discriminatory factors can explain observed wage gaps between racial and ethnic minorities and whites, and between women and men. In general we find that differences in productivity-related factors account for most of the between group wage differences in the year 2000. Determinants of wage gaps differ by group. Differences in schooling and in skills developed in the home and in school, as measured by test scores, are of central importance in explaining black/white and Hispanic/white wage gaps among both women and men. Immigrant assimilation is an additional factor for Asians and workers from Central and South America. The sources of the gender gap are quite different, however. Gender differences in schooling and cognitive skills as measured by the AFQT are quite small and explain little of the pay gap. Instead the gender gap largely stems from choices made by women and men concerning the amount of time and energy devoted to a career, as reflected in years of work experience, utilization of part-time work, and other workplace and job characteristics.
Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451854781
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.
Author : Jagadish Guria
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0128126116
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Estimating the Human Cost of Transportation Accidents written by Jagadish Guria and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating the Human Cost of Transportation Accidents: Methodologies and Policy Implications discusses the estimation methods needed to determine the monetary value of loss of life and quality of life when evaluating transportation safety programs, policies and projects. In addition, it highlights how to overcome the many challenges researchers face in choosing the right values, including estimating loss of life and life quality, examining strengths and weaknesses, and critically analyzing social costs and implications. This book will allow researchers to better formulate accurate social costs, select safety improvement values, and understand limitations.
Author : Surendra Gera
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Interindustry Wage Differentials and Efficiency Wages written by Surendra Gera and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arijit Mukherjee
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781626184220
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (842 download)
Download or read book Wages and Employment written by Arijit Mukherjee and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little doubt that significant income inequality persists across as well as within countries, and that wage differential exists between male and female workers across the industries and within establishments. The differences in earnings not only affect the well-being of the current generation but also have major long-term impacts on health, education and skill formation of future generations. Although an important goal of a country is to improve the well-being of their workers, the ways to achieve this goal may differ. This book presents recent research on labour economics, addressing issues such as gender wage gap, regional wage disparity, inter-and intra-industry wage inequality, the wage effects of immigration and the effects of wage negotiations in organisations. There are three parts in this book. Part A contains five chapters addressing the issue of gender wage gap. Part B also contains five chapters on regional studies to show the effects on wage, skill formation and the correlation between public and private sector employment. Part C focuses on wage negotiations in organisations. The book provides several important insights into many contemporary labour market issues.
Author : Arijit Mukherjee
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781626184237
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (842 download)
Download or read book Wages and Employment written by Arijit Mukherjee and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little doubt that significant income inequality persists across as well as within countries, and that wage differential exists between male and female workers across the industries and within establishments. The differences in earnings not only affect the well-being of the current generation but also have major long-term impacts on health, education and skill formation of future generations. Although an important goal of a country is to improve the well-being of their workers, the ways to achieve this goal may differ. This book presents recent research on labor economics, addressing issues such as gender wage gap, regional wage disparity, inter-and intra-industry wage inequality, the wage effects of immigration and the effects of wage negotiations in organizations. There are three parts in this book. Part A contains five chapters addressing the issue of gender wage gap. Part B also contains five chapters on regional studies to show the effects on wage, skill formation and the correlation between public and private sector employments. Part C focuses on wage negotiations in organizations. The book provides several important insights into many contemporary labor market issues.
Author : Gary S. Becker
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226041042
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)
Download or read book The Economics of Discrimination written by Gary S. Becker and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-08-15 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Gary S. Becker's The Economics of Discrimination has been expanded to include three further discussions of the problem and an entirely new introduction which considers the contributions made by others in recent years and some of the more important problems remaining. Mr. Becker's work confronts the economic effects of discrimination in the market place because of race, religion, sex, color, social class, personality, or other non-pecuniary considerations. He demonstrates that discrimination in the market place by any group reduces their own real incomes as well as those of the minority. The original edition of The Economics of Discrimination was warmly received by economists, sociologists, and psychologists alike for focusing the discerning eye of economic analysis upon a vital social problem—discrimination in the market place. "This is an unusual book; not only is it filled with ingenious theorizing but the implications of the theory are boldly confronted with facts. . . . The intimate relation of the theory and observation has resulted in a book of great vitality on a subject whose interest and importance are obvious."—M.W. Reder, American Economic Review "The author's solution to the problem of measuring the motive behind actual discrimination is something of a tour de force. . . . Sociologists in the field of race relations will wish to read this book."—Karl Schuessler, American Sociological Review
Author : Sasha Kedzierski
Publisher : Socialy Press
ISBN 13 : 9781681178196
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (781 download)
Download or read book Race and Gender Discrimination Across Urban Labor Markets written by Sasha Kedzierski and published by Socialy Press. This book was released on 2017-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and gender differentials in the labour market remain stubbornly persistent. Although the black/white wage gap appeared to be converging rapidly during the 1960s and early 1970s, black/white male wages have now stagnated for almost two decades. The black/ white female wage gap has actually risen over the past 15 years. The Hispanic/white wage gap has risen among both males and females in recent years. Not until the late 1970s did it begin to converge steadily (although a significant gender gap still exists). Of course, these wage gaps are only the most visible form of differences in labour market outcomes by race and gender. Substantial differences in labour force participation, unemployment rates, occupational location, non-wage compensation, job characteristics and job mobility all exist by both race and sex. Among women, white women's wages have risen steadily since 1980. Black women's wages almost reached parity with white women in the 1970s, but have diverged again in the last 15 years, as black women have experienced little wage growth. Wages and unemployment rates are often affected by overall labour force participation rates, which have changed dramatically over time. Moreover, racial minorities suffer disproportionately from lower wages because they are more likely than whites to have minority co-workers. Focusing attention on broad, aggregate industries or occupations will miss racial inequality resulting from processes that occur at the job level. This compendium is designed to provide an introduction into the literature that analyses these differences. This book investigates differentials by race and gender in the urban labour markets. It attempts to summarise some of the most important research studies relating to race and gender in the labour markets. Black-white earnings differentials are analysed that includes a treatment of differences in the ratios of employment to population. Earnings by ethnicity are also discussed. This book will be of interest to students and researchers related to fields of sociology, gender studies and urban studies.
Author : Randy Albelda
Publisher : Ingram
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Unlevel Playing Fields written by Randy Albelda and published by Ingram. This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Julio Rotemberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book A Theory of Inter-industry Wage Differentials written by Julio Rotemberg and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Efficiency Wages and Industry Wage Differentials written by Paul Chen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Per-Anders Edin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Inter-industry Wage Differentials written by Per-Anders Edin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dale Mortensen
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262633192
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (331 download)
Download or read book Wage Dispersion written by Dale Mortensen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical and empirical examination of wage differentials findsthat traditional theories of competition do not explain why workers with identical skills are paid differently.
Author : J. Michael Dumond
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Wage Differentials Across Labor Markets and Workers written by J. Michael Dumond and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory and evidence indicate that wage rates across labor markets adjust only partially with respect to differences in consumer prices. Earnings differentials are estimated for 185 labor markets during 1985-95, following control for worker and area characteristics, based on nominal wages, wages fully adjusted for price level, and an approximation of "real" wages with partial adjustment for price level. Dispersion in partial adjustment wages across markets, and differentials by region and city size, are substantially lower than dispersion in either nominal or full adjustment wages. Racial and ethnic differentials display moderate sensitivity to choice of a wage measure. Researchers should avoid full adjustment for area prices. Absent data on prices and amenities, one should include detailed controls for region and city size in nominal wage equations.
Author : Reuben Gronau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Sex-related Wage Differentials and Women's Interrupted Labor Careers written by Reuben Gronau and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex-related wage differentials are almost universal. Economists traditionally tend to attribute a major fraction of the differential to the difference in on-the-job training. This difference is in turn often explained by the lower profitability of this investment for women who plan to interrupt their careers for family reasons. An alternative explanation that women do not invest because of lack of investment opportunities owing to employers'expectation that they will drop out of the market has been given little attention in the literature. The present paper tries to ascertain, theoretically and empirically, the validity of this argument. Employers have little stake in their employees' investment in general human capital. Thus, if employers' decisions affect investment, this has to be investment in firm-specific human capital. The paper explores the way employers and employees share in such an investment and the way employers' conceptions about women's labor force attachment can affect the size of the investment, women's wages, and their labor-force separation rate. To test the hypothesis that employers' expectations affect women's wages,I examine the effect of plans for labor-force separation on wages. It is assumed that employers are not aware of individual plans, so that absence of a plan's effect on wages can serve as prima facie evidence for the hypothesis. In a simultaneous-equation system it is observed that wages affect plans but plans do not affect wages. Further investigation indicates that the skill intensity of jobs which men and women occupy is a major determinant of the wage gap. This variable is very sensitive to past performance (as measured by labor-force experience and tenure) and future plans in the case of men, but is hardly affected at all by these variables in the case of women.
