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Dna Adducts
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Book Synopsis Exocyclic DNA Adducts in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis by : H. Bartsch
Download or read book Exocyclic DNA Adducts in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis written by H. Bartsch and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of exocyclic adducts as biomarkers offers a promising tool in studies of cancer etiology and prevention, particularly for human neoplasias in which the causative factors and mechanisms are still poorly understood. Presentations at an international conference, which resulted in this volume, comprise a comprehensive treatise on the current state of the art and scientific information on exocyclic DNA adducts. The volume includes sections on ultra sensitive detection methods, formation from exogenous and endogenous sources, DNA repair, physical chemical approaches to structural elucidation, and use as biomarkers and their role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
Download or read book DNA Adducts written by Emerson Álvarez and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous physical and chemical stress factors, endogenous or exogenous, challenge living organisms. Metabolisation processes generate highly reactive intermediates which can covalently bind to DNA, resulting in bulky addition products called "adducts." DNA adduct formation appears to be a general response of plants to organic chemical exposure, whether in controlled conditions or in the field. In particular, common carcinogenic pollutants and pesticides promote the formation of DNA adducts in plants. The authors of this book examine the development of DNA adducts, as well as the ways in which they can be eliminated due to DNA repair pathways. In this book, the data from in vivo transgenic assays is also examined, which can help to clarify specific pre-mutagenic adducts, DNA repair functions and mutational events that may be involved in the mutagenicity of human carcinogens. Other chapters in this book identify and discuss novel anthracyclines capable of forming DNA adducts, the role of DNA adducts as early biomarkers in the screening and development of marine anticancer drugs, the genotoxicity, such as DNA adduct formation, of air pollutants and its assessment by in vivo mutagenesis and a discussion of oxidative DNA damage, which can play an important role in the carcinogenic processes of PAHs and aromatic amines, in addition to bulky-DNA adducts formation.
Book Synopsis Technologies for Detection of DNA Damage and Mutations by : G.P. Pfeifer
Download or read book Technologies for Detection of DNA Damage and Mutations written by G.P. Pfeifer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-07-31 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ''Useful and timely.'' ---Mutagenesis ''Of considerable value.'' ---Journal of Medical Genetics ''Quite readable....a comprehensive overview....perfectly covers the needs of those researchers who have to decide on the best strategy to identify damage or mutations at the molecular level.'' ---Trends in Cell Biology ''The formats of the presentations are uniform and ample and up-to-date references are provided at the end of each chapter...will be welcomed by postgraduate researchers of all ages and should retain its usefulness for a long time.'' ---Endeavour, 21(4), 1997 This important resource thoroughly reviews a wide range of techniques used in mutagenesis research-ranging from established techniques to recently developed methodologies-based on the polymerase chain reaction. DNA damage analysis, DNA repair assays, and mutation detection are a few of the techniques featured. Chapters present detailed experimental protocols benefiting researchers and students in the fields of toxicology, biotechniques, molecular biology, photobiology, medical genetics, and oncology.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis Carcinogen-DNA Adducts by : S. D. Soileau
Download or read book Carcinogen-DNA Adducts written by S. D. Soileau and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the literature concerning adducts formed by xenobiotics with DNA and protein in order to determine their feasibility as a monitoring tool for use in exposure and risk assessment and to propose compounds and methods that may be appropriate for preliminary field studies. This report is divided into three segments. The first segment provides an introduction to DNA damage and its relation to carcinogenesis. This segment also discusses available methodology for the measurement of macromolecular (DNA, protein) adducts. The techniques were evaluated according to their sensitivity, selectivity, limitations, and future possibilities. The next segment provides a summary of the current literature on the individual chemicals found to form adducts in both man and in experimental animals. The information in this segment and additional information was tabulated and is presented in the appendix. Finally, the conclusion and recommendation section discusses the overall potential for the use of macromolecular adducts as a measure of dose, given the current technology. Recommendations on the analytical detection methodologies, applicable chemicals, and populations to be used for a human monitoring pilot study were offered.
Book Synopsis Chemically-Induced DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Cancer by : Ashis K. Basu
Download or read book Chemically-Induced DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Cancer written by Ashis K. Basu and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue " Chemically-Induced DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Cancer" that was published in IJMS
Author :International Agency for Research on Cancer Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 : Total Pages :500 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis DNA Adducts by : International Agency for Research on Cancer
Download or read book DNA Adducts written by International Agency for Research on Cancer and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1994 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first and only handbook to provide a comprehensive review of the critical intermediates in the first step of the process of carcinogenesis. This volume reviews current knowledge of DNA adducts formed by a wide range of classes of chemical compound, including the metabolism of chemicals, mechanisms of adduction, preparation and properties of standard compounds, adduct formation in vitro, measurements of adducts in humans, and biological significance. Additional chapters review our understanding of specific types of gene damage and mutagenecity and their reaction to cancer. This volume will provide invaluable, up-to-date facts for all researchers in mechanism of carcinogenesis, toxicology, and molecular epidemiology.
Book Synopsis Postlabelling Methods for Detection of DNA Adducts by : D. H. Phillips
Download or read book Postlabelling Methods for Detection of DNA Adducts written by D. H. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book devoted to postlabelling methods, an important new analytical methodology. Postlabelling methods have a wide range of applications: these include studies of pathways of metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens, studies of oxidative damage to DNA, monitoring occupational exposure to carcinogens, the association between DNA adducts and disease, the possible role of DNA adducts in hormonal carcinogenesis and aging, the study of complex environmental mixtures of carcinogens and monitoring the effects of such mixtures on various ecosystems. Because of the high sensitivity of the postlabelling methods, they can also be applied to humans who are exposed to low levels, and many groups have concentrated their efforts towards the evaluation of adduct formation in relation to exposure and identification of cancer causing agents.
Book Synopsis Carcinogens, Dna Damage And Cancer Risk: Mechanisms Of Chemical Carcinogenesis by : Miriam Christine Poirier
Download or read book Carcinogens, Dna Damage And Cancer Risk: Mechanisms Of Chemical Carcinogenesis written by Miriam Christine Poirier and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As chemical exposures and cancer rates increase worldwide, there is a need for students, researchers, public health professionals, and physicians to understand the mechanisms connecting exposure with human cancer risk. This new book is an essential reference, as well as introduction to the field of chemical carcinogenesis, with particular focus on DNA damage as a critical link between exposure and disease, and emphasis on biomarkers associated with cancer risk in humans. In addition to DNA damage, related topics covered include metabolism of selected chemical carcinogens, exposure-induced epigenetic changes, cancer-associated mutations and reduction of DNA damage and cancer risk by chemoprevention. The book is designed to be a comprehensive guide to basic principles, a teaching tool for academics, and a map for the development of protective mechanisms to reduce human cancer risk.
Book Synopsis DNA Damage, DNA Repair and Disease by : Miral Dizdaroglu
Download or read book DNA Damage, DNA Repair and Disease written by Miral Dizdaroglu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DNA of all organisms is constantly being damaged by endogenous and exogenous sources. Oxygen metabolism generates reactive species that can damage DNA, proteins and other organic compounds in living cells. Exogenous sources include ionizing and ultraviolet radiations, carcinogenic compounds and environmental toxins among others. The discovery of multiple DNA lesions and DNA repair mechanisms showed the involvement of DNA damage and DNA repair in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, most notably cancer. These books provide a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary area of DNA damage and DNA repair, and their relevance to disease pathology. Edited by recognised leaders in the field, this two-volume set is an appealing resource to a variety of readers including chemists, chemical biologists, geneticists, cancer researchers and drug discovery scientists.
Book Synopsis Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine by : Robert C. Bast, Jr.
Download or read book Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Download or read book Cisplatin written by Bernhard Lippert and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 30 years after its discovery as an antitumor agent, cisplatin represents today one of the most successful drugs in chemotherapy. This book is intended to reminisce this event, to take inventory, and to point out new lines of development in this field. Divided in 6 sections and 22 chapters, the book provides an up-to-date account on topics such as - the chemistry and biochemistry of cisplatin, - the clinical status of Pt anticancer drugs, - the impact of cisplatin on inorganic and coordination chemistry, - new developments in drug design, testing and delivery. It also includes a chapter describing the historical development of the discovery of cisplatin. The ultimate question - How does cisplatin kill a cell? - is yet to be answered, but there are now new links suggesting how Pt binding to DNA may trigger a cascade of cellular reactions that eventually result in apoptosis. p53 and a series of damage recognition proteins of the HMG-domain family appear to be involved. The book addresses the problem of mutagenicity of Pt drugs and raises the question of the possible relevance of the minor DNA adducts, e.g. of interstrand cross-links, and the possible use of trans-(NH3)2Pt(II)-modified oligonucleotides in antisense and antigene strategies. Our present understanding of reactions of cisplatin with DNA is based upon numerous model studies (from isolated model nucleobases to short DNA fragments) and application of a large body of spectroscopic and other physico-chemical techniques. Thanks to these efforts there is presently no other metal ion whose reactions with nucleic acids are better understood than Pt. In a series of chapters, basic studies on the interactions of Pt electrophiles with nucleobases, oligonucleotides, DNA, amino acids, peptides and proteins are reported, which use, among others, sophisticated NMR techniques or X-ray crystallography, to get remarkable understanding of details on such reactions. Reactivity of cisplatin, once bound to DNA and formerly believed to be inert enough to stay, is an emerging phenomenon. It has (not yet) widely been studied but is potentially extremely important. Medicinal bioinorganic chemistry - the role of metal compounds in medicine - has received an enormous boost from cisplatin, and so has bioinorganic chemistry as a whole. There is hardly a better example than cisplatin to demonstrate what bioinorganic chemistry is all about: The marriage between classic inorganic (coordination) chemistry and the other life sciences - medicine, pharmacy, biology, biochemistry. Cisplatin has left its mark also on areas that are generally considered largely inorganic. The subject of mixed-valance Pt compounds is an example: From the sleeping beauty it made its way to the headlines of scientific journals, thanks to a class of novel Pt antitumor agents, the so-called "platinum pyrimidine blues". In the aftermath diplatinum (III) compounds were recognized and studies in large numbers, and now an organometalic chemistry of these diplatinum (III) species is beginning to emerge. The final section of the book is concerned with new developments such as novel di- and trinuclear Pt(II) drugs with DNA binding properties different from those of cisplatin, with orally active Pt(IV) drugs which are presently in clinical studies, and with attempts to modify combinatorial chemistry in such a way that it may become applicable to fast screening of Pt antitumor drugs. The potential of including computational methods in solving questions of Pt-DNA interactions is critically dealt with in the concluding chapter.
Book Synopsis DNA Adducts as Markers of Exposure and Disease by : Joshua J. Klaene
Download or read book DNA Adducts as Markers of Exposure and Disease written by Joshua J. Klaene and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA adducts serve as important biomarkers of exposure and disease. Because DNA adducts are present so early in the carcinogenic process, they are promising indicators of risk for early detection. Sensitive and specific analytical methods are necessary to detect DNA adducts that are present in very low abundance. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has become a mainstay in DNA adduct analysis and rapid technological improvements continue to expand its utility. Chapter 1 reviews the process of carcinogenesis resulting from exposure to chemical carcinogens, in which DNA adduction is the initial event that triggers a cascade of effects to transform normal cells into cancer cells. This chapter illustrates the central role of DNA adducts in carcinogenesis and the metabolic processes that determine the fate of many chemical carcinogens. Chapter 2 shifts the focus to the analytical methods used to detect and quantitate DNA adducts. This chapter chronicles the transition from 32P-postlabeling to modern liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry that offers exceptional sensitivity and structural identification of DNA adducts. Chapter 3 describes the full validation of our nanoflow liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantitation, by isotope dilution, of 4-aminobiphenyl DNA adducts in mouse bladder DNA. Using criteria from the FDA's current guidance for bioanalysis, the performance of our method was determined for accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability. Then in Chapter 4, the validated nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS method was applied to series of dosing studies using a mouse model. The goal of this initiative was to identify the molecular mechanisms that explain why men have an increased risk (by 4-fold) for developing bladder cancer. The aromatic amine 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) is a known bladder carcinogen but requires metabolic activation to be genotoxic. A phase 2 metabolic enzyme with gender-biased hepatic expression has been implicated as the determining factor in this gender disparity. Results provide insight into the regulation and activity of this metabolic enzyme and its role in 4-ABP-induced bladder cancer. Chapter 5 addresses the common issue of matrix effects in LC-MS analysis and details the strategies employed to characterize the sources of matrix effects and method optimization used to overcome this problem. The optimized method was then applied in two studies of DNA adducts resulting from PAH exposures. In the first study, the nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS method described above was used to determine dose-response dependence in a culture of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to an activated PAH metabolite. In the second study, the mutagenic potential of atmospheric urban aerosols was investigated. Fine, respirable particulate material (PM 2.5) can be transported great distances by air masses and carry with them carcinogenic PAHs leading to unavoidable exposures of humans to environmental carcinogens. We modeled this exposure by directly administering PM to a metabolically competent human cell line and used nanoLC-MS/MS methodology including the "adductomics" approach of screening for PAH-DNA adducts with constant neutral loss (CNL) scanning. Then targeted analyses were done using reaction monitoring (MRM/SRM) and MSn for enhanced sensitivity and confirmation of PAH-DNA adducts. Identification of two PAH-DNA adducts confirms that PM functions as a vehicle to deliver harmful compounds to human cells resulting in DNA damage. These results have major implications for human health. Finally, a summary is provided in Chapter 6 along with future perspectives for the role of DNA adduct analysis in biomonitoring of human health.
Book Synopsis Molecular Epidemiology by : Paul A. Schulte
Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology written by Paul A. Schulte and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators.
Book Synopsis Molecular Life Sciences by : Robert D. Wells
Download or read book Molecular Life Sciences written by Robert D. Wells and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Life Sciences: An Encyclopedic Reference will focus on understanding biological phenomena at the level of molecules and their interactions that govern life processes. The work will include articles on genes and genomes, protein structure and function, systems biology using genomics and proteomics as the focus, molecular aspects of cell structure and function, unifying concepts and theories from biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics that are essential for understanding the molecular life sciences (including teaching perspectives and assessment tools), and basic aspects of the various experimental approaches that are used in the Molecular Life Sciences.
Book Synopsis Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging by : Marco Malavolta
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging written by Marco Malavolta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging: A Volume in the Molecular Nutrition Series focuses on the nutritional issues associated with aging and the important metabolic consequences of diet, nutrition, and health. The book is subdivided into four parts that reflect the impact of nutrition from a biomolecular level to individual health. In Part One, chapters explore the general aspects of aging, aging phenotypes, and relevant aspects of nutrition related to the elderly and healthy aging. Part Two includes molecular and cellular targets of nutrition in aging, with chapters exploring lipid peroxidation, inflammaging, anabolic and catabolic signaling, epigenetics, DNA damage and repair, redox homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity, among others. Part Three looks at system-level and organ targets of nutrition in aging, including a variety of tissues, systems, and diseases, such as immune function, the cardiovascular system, the brain and dementia, muscle, bone, lung, and many others. Finally, Part Four focuses on the health effects of specific dietary compounds and dietary interventions in aging, including vitamin D, retinol, curcumin, folate, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, vitamin B, fish oil, vitamin E, resveratrol, polyphenols, vegetables, and fruit, as well as the current nutritional recommendations. Offers updated information and a perspectives on important future developments to different professionals involved in the basic and clinical research on all major nutritional aspects of aging Explores how nutritional factors are involved in the pathogenesis of aging across body systems Investigates the molecular and genetic basis of aging and cellular senescence through the lens of the rapidly evolving field of molecular nutrition
Book Synopsis Genetic Toxicology by : James M. Parry
Download or read book Genetic Toxicology written by James M. Parry and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-12-07 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of potential mutagenic activity is a critical step in the assessment of the safety of both new and pre-existing chemical types. In Genetic Toxicology: Principles and Methods, expert contributors help to satisfy the demand for education in this tremendously important area of study. The volume covers three basic areas: the scientific basis of the discipline, the methodologies of the main test assays, and the application of the methods, all aimed primarily at scientists in the safety departments of the industries working with both natural and synthetic chemicals. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Intuitive and cutting-edge, Genetic Toxicology: Principles and Methods provides crucial support to both laboratory workers in providing quality information on the appropriate application of techniques and to study directors in their assay selection and protocol design in this vital field.
