Divine Knowledge Transfer

Download Divine Knowledge Transfer PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : WestBow Press
ISBN 13 : 1449703240
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (497 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Divine Knowledge Transfer by : Kelly Libatique

Download or read book Divine Knowledge Transfer written by Kelly Libatique and published by WestBow Press. This book was released on 2010-08-17 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Divine Knowledge Transfer is a handy guide for both novices and professionals in the areas of public speaking and knowledge transfer in general. In a poll, Americans said that they fear public speaking more than even dying. Can anything be done to ease the anxiety and take control of that fear? Are there practical steps that anyone can take to make a person communicate better in front of others? You bet there are. You may not regularly speak to crowds. Perhaps you just want to be better at getting a message across to other individuals or in a boardroom. Maybe you just want to be less anxious and more confident when speaking to people. Divine Knowledge Transfer can help. This guide takes the science and techniques of communication and explains them in the most easy-to-understand way possible. This information is based on years of practice and experience in professional communication, including technical writing, recorded and online training, live webinar and classroom training, and keynote speaking. It then goes a step further by combining these principles with Scripture. Gods Word, after all, is His love letter to us, His main method of communication to us today. The Bible is filled with all sorts of practical advice on how we relate and communicate with others, as well as ways to prepare for difficult circumstances and people. Divine Knowledge Transfer can help you to become better at what you do. Whether a person is a teacher, preacher, or public speaker, the individuals who make the difference are those who are able to communicate effectively and get a message across. Start becoming better at getting your message across today. eBook available through Amazon.com and Barnes and Noble.com!

God, Knowledge, and the Good

Download God, Knowledge, and the Good PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197612385
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (976 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis God, Knowledge, and the Good by : Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski

Download or read book God, Knowledge, and the Good written by Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-03 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects the published articles in philosophy of religion by the pre-eminent philosopher Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski. The volume focuses on the major themes of her career, which is reflected in the sections of the volume: 1) Foreknowledge and Fatalism, 2) The Problem of Evil, 3) Death, Hell, and Resurrection, 4) God and Morality, 5) Omnisubjectivity, 6) The Rationality of Religious Belief, 7) Rational Religious Belief, Self-Trust, and Authority, and 8) God, Trinity, and the Metaphysics of Modality. A companion volume to Epistemic Values, her collected articles in epistemology, this volume will be an important resource for scholars in the philosophy of religion, religious epistemology, and religious ethics.

Darwinism and the Divine

Download Darwinism and the Divine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444392514
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism and the Divine by : Alister E. McGrath

Download or read book Darwinism and the Divine written by Alister E. McGrath and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Darwinism and the Divine examines the implications of evolutionary thought for natural theology, from the time of publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species to current debates on creationism and intelligent design. Questions whether Darwin's theory of natural selection really shook our fundamental beliefs, or whether they served to transform and illuminate our views on the origins and meaning of life Identifies the forms of natural theology that emerged in 19th-century England and how they were affected by Darwinism The most detailed study yet of the intellectual background to William Paley's famous and influential approach to natural theology, set out in 1802 Brings together material from a variety of disciplines, including the history of ideas, historical and systematic theology, evolutionary biology, anthropology, sociology, and the cognitive science of religion Considers how Christian belief has adapted to Darwinism, and asks whether there is a place for design both in the world of science and the world of theology A thought-provoking exploration of 21st-century views on evolutionary thought and natural theology, written by the world-renowned theologian and bestselling author

Sharing and Hiding Religious Knowledge in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Download Sharing and Hiding Religious Knowledge in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110596601
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sharing and Hiding Religious Knowledge in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam by : Mladen Popović

Download or read book Sharing and Hiding Religious Knowledge in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam written by Mladen Popović and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few studies focus on the modes of knowledge transmission (or concealment), or the trends of continuity or change from the Ancient to the Late Antique worlds. In Antiquity, knowledge was cherished as a scarce good, cultivated through the close teacher-student relationship and often preserved in the closed circle of the initated. From Assyrian and Babylonian cuneiform texts to a Shi'ite Islamic tradition, this volume explores how and why knowledge was shared or concealed by diverse communities in a range of Ancient and Late Antique cultural contexts. From caves by the Dead Sea to Alexandria, both normative and heterodox approaches to knowledge in Jewish, Christian and Muslim communities are explored. Biblical and qur'anic passages, as well as gnostic, rabbinic and esoteric Islamic approaches are discussed. In this volume, a range of scholars from Assyrian studies to Jewish, Christian and Islamic studies examine diverse approaches to, and modes of, knowledge transmission and concealment, shedding new light on both the interconnectedness, as well as the unique aspects, of the monotheistic faiths, and their relationship to the ancient civilisations of the Fertile Crescent.

Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Capabilities Improvement With Serious Games

Download Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Capabilities Improvement With Serious Games PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1668491672
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (684 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Capabilities Improvement With Serious Games by : Correia, Anacleto

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Capabilities Improvement With Serious Games written by Correia, Anacleto and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-07-10 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can a group be empowered to improve their ability to make decisions while also reinforcing the group’s intended values, beliefs, and behaviors? Like positive reinforcement, which introduces a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior has been completed and has been found to be effective for reinforcing such behavior, serious games introduce the behavior as a pleasant experience through engagement and entertainment. Where positive reinforcement relies heavily on the willpower of the subject to complete the behavior on their own, serious games introduce a motivational factor from the beginning of the behavior. Serious games are designed for purposes other than entertainment, such as training, learning, creating awareness, or behavior transformation through the introduction of content, topics, narratives, rules, and goals. They are immersive, engaging, and enjoyable, which enhances motivation and learning. The development of serious games is grounded in theoretical backgrounds, such as motivation, constructivism, flow experience, problem-based learning, and learning by doing. This method has been used in a variety of industries, including education, healthcare, military, policy analysis, and business functions such as marketing or financial purposes. They facilitate problem solving through challenges and rewards and use entertainment and engagement components. Serious games can address specific skills for many domains, foster collaboration, provide risk-free environments, and be used as analytical tools for educational research. They reinforce intended values, beliefs, and behaviors of players while conveying knowledge, skills, and attitudes, providing an integrated and effective approach to the transformation of an individual, group, or organization. The Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Capabilities Improvement With Serious Games discusses the use of advanced technologies including extended and immersive reality, digital twins, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), and IoT sensors to improve decision-making skills and learning through serious games. This book discusses user engagement, game adaptation, content adaptation, and sensor technology. It showcases how to increase decision-making skills in individuals and organizations and incorporates the latest developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Led by experts with over 20 years of experience and covering topics such as serious game design, intelligent content adaptation, and machine learning algorithms. This book is designed for professionals in education, instructional designers, curriculum developers, program developers, administrators, educational software developers, policymakers, researchers, training professionals, privacy practitioners, government officials, consultants, IT researchers, academicians, and students.

International Knowledge Transfer in Religious Education

Download International Knowledge Transfer in Religious Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Waxmann Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3830992858
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Knowledge Transfer in Religious Education by : Friedrich Schweitzer

Download or read book International Knowledge Transfer in Religious Education written by Friedrich Schweitzer and published by Waxmann Verlag. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about international knowledge transfer in religious education as an academic discipline; at the same time, though, it is related to the school subject of RE. Its aim is to strengthen the awareness of the need for international cooperation in the field of religious education in general and especially for clarifying the role of knowledge in this kind of cooperation. The contributions discuss a number of issues, among others related to the validity and transferability of knowledge in religious education. Thus, the book takes up a topic which so far has remained implicit and therefore also untreated. This approach implies a whole spectrum of new methodological and epistemological problems. Some crucial questions that are discussed in the chapters from different national contexts are: – How can the national and the international context be productively connected to each other? – Which concept or understanding of ›international‹ should be used when it comes to the transfer of knowledge? – What exactly is meant by ›knowledge‹ in religious education? – What does ›transfer‹ mean in this context? The scope of the book is an invitation to other colleagues to take part in and to continue the discussion.

God, Mind and Knowledge

Download God, Mind and Knowledge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317126459
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis God, Mind and Knowledge by : Andrew Moore

Download or read book God, Mind and Knowledge written by Andrew Moore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The themes of God, Mind and Knowledge are central to the philosophy of religion but they are now being taken up by professional philosophers who have not previously contributed to the field. This book is a collection of original essays by eminent and rising philosophers and it explores the boundaries between philosophy of religion, philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and epistemology. Its introduction will make it accessible to newcomers to the field, especially those approaching it from theology. Many of the book’s topics lie at the focal point of debates - instigated in part by the so-called New Atheists - in contemporary culture about whether it is rational to have religious beliefs, and the role these beliefs can or should play in the life of individuals and of society.

Divine Mysteries in the Enochic Tradition

Download Divine Mysteries in the Enochic Tradition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3111201929
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (112 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Divine Mysteries in the Enochic Tradition by : Andrei A. Orlov

Download or read book Divine Mysteries in the Enochic Tradition written by Andrei A. Orlov and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book represents an in-depth investigation of acquisition, cultivation, and transmission of divine mysteries in Jewish apocalyptic and mystical accounts by focusing on the developments found in early Enochic writings. These accounts deal both with revelations unveiled by God and angels to the patriarch Enoch and with illicit transmission of divine knowledge by the rogue group of the fallen angels, known as the Watchers. Orlov argues that the map of otherworldly knowledge revealed to Enoch inversely mirrors the map of illicit revelations given by the fallen Watchers to humankind. The study suggests that one of the possible objectives for the parallelism is that, by revealing to Enoch the same divine mysteries that were earlier transmitted by the Watchers, God attempts to mitigate the corruption caused by the fallen angels’ illicit instructions. This book will be of interest not only for scholars specializing in historical and religious areas, but also for experts in the fields of anthropology, philosophy, sociology, psychology, and gender theory; it discusses several aspects of early and late Jewish religious epistemologies that elucidate the ideological context for the construction and affirmation of social roles and identities in various Jewish milieus.

Abū’l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Metaphysical Philosophy

Download Abū’l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Metaphysical Philosophy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317265467
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Abū’l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Metaphysical Philosophy by : Moshe M Pavlov

Download or read book Abū’l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Metaphysical Philosophy written by Moshe M Pavlov and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abū’l-Barakāt is a renowned philosopher of the Arabic-Jewish milieu who composed in his magnum opus the Kitāb al-Mu‘tabar, a comprehensive metaphysics which challenged the accepted notions of the traditional metaphysical philosophy. ‘Abū’l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Metaphysical Philosophy’ examines the novel philosophical conceptions of the first book of the Metaphysics of the Kitāb al-Mu‘tabar. The aim is to present a developed conception of Abū’l-Barakāt’s systematic metaphysics. This is accomplished by following the order of topics discussed, while translating the relevant passages. These different topics comprise stages of cognition that move from an analysis of time, creation and causality to the conception of a higher spiritual realm of mental entities and a conception of God as the First Knower and Teacher. The epistemological and ontological conceptions are analyzed at each culminating stage. ‘Abū’l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Metaphysical Philosophy’ analyzes vast portions of the metaphysical study for the first time. The book will thus be a valuable resource for all those seeking an original and broad metaphysics, and for students and scholars of Jewish and Islamic Philosophy. Furthermore, it is of importance for those seeking a metaphysics related to scientific theories and those interested in the history of science and metaphysics.

Iqraa - Knowledge Sharing Ver 2.0

Download Iqraa - Knowledge Sharing Ver 2.0 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Notion Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (954 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Iqraa - Knowledge Sharing Ver 2.0 by : Talha Sareshwala

Download or read book Iqraa - Knowledge Sharing Ver 2.0 written by Talha Sareshwala and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2024-10-15 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I’ve always wanted to share my knowledge in whatever way I could. And I’ve decided to embark on that journey with ‘Iqraa’. I’ve taken an unusual approach to the book. It is essentially a book in which information has been sourced and compiled. So, I contributed about 30-40% of the information in the book, while the remaining 60% came from various sources such as the internet, social media platforms. It is with immense joy and gratitude that I announce Series 2 of “IQRAA-KNOWLEDGE SHARING Ver 2.0” The Pearl of Wisdom. This Book is not just an idea of my efforts; it's a reminder of the responsibility we all should carry to inspire and empower others in acquiring knowledge and Sharing with others. I promise to use this book as my platform to advocate for positive change, diversity, and inclusivity. Together, we can create a more Knowledgeable world. Iqraa is a physical manifestation of my need to share knowledge, specifically the kind that is spiritual in nature. I believe that whatever I know of Islamic knowledge and tradition should be useful and be shared with everyone.

God, Mind and Knowledge

Download God, Mind and Knowledge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1472407563
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (724 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis God, Mind and Knowledge by : Dr Andrew Moore

Download or read book God, Mind and Knowledge written by Dr Andrew Moore and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2014-05-28 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The themes of God, Mind and Knowledge are central to the philosophy of religion but they are now being taken up by professional philosophers who have not previously contributed to the field. This book is a collection of original essays by eminent and rising philosophers and it explores the boundaries between philosophy of religion, philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and epistemology. Its introduction will make it accessible to newcomers to the field, especially those approaching it from theology. Many of the book’s topics lie at the focal point of debates - instigated in part by the so-called New Atheists - in contemporary culture about whether it is rational to have religious beliefs, and the role these beliefs can or should play in the life of individuals and of society.

About God, the World and People

Download About God, the World and People PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1465315918
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (653 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis About God, the World and People by : Toni Bickl

Download or read book About God, the World and People written by Toni Bickl and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only relative of Bettina, a rich, Roman Catholic widow are her two nephews, Peter, a mathematician and particle physicist and George, a bookkeeper and taxation consultant. The parents of Peter and George died in an avalanche accident. Bettina neighbors are Dr. Chang Lam, a retired physician and his wife Dora. They have a good- looking granddaughter, Gertrud. Bettina and Dr. Lams houseguests are: Dr. Philchrist, an emeritierter professor of philosophy, and Father Stengel, their local priest. While the plot evolves, these main characters of the play are involved in various interesting discussions. Peter is asked to explain the latest research results in cosmology and the origin of life on earth, Dr. Lam talks about evolution and genetics, Father Stengel emphasizes Gods creative influence in the world, while Dr. Philchrist, who takes the Bible seriously but not literally because he finds it to mythological, accepts all scientific results and tries to fit his own belief in God into this worldview. In the play, Nietzsches idea of the eternal recurrence of the same events and whether his concept of an over-man is meant to be an evolutionary improvement of mankind, are debated. Dr. Philchrist and Father Stengel discuss the free will, infinity and the concept of time, as well as their different views of Gods influence in the expanding universe. Peter and Gertrude, who become good friends, contemplate the selfish genes, Jesus and the difference between the human and animal species. It comes as a great surprise when Peter, without explaining his reason, resigns his position as a professor of cosmology, marries Gertrude and serves as an ordained Lutheran pastor. It could be that Peters decision was influenced by what happened to his brother, George; but no one knows.

Divine Foreknowledge

Download Divine Foreknowledge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 9780830826520
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (265 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Divine Foreknowledge by : James K. Beilby

Download or read book Divine Foreknowledge written by James K. Beilby and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2001-10-31 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Join Paul Helm, David Hunt, William Lane Craig and Gregory A. Boyd as they share four distinct views on the openness of God. Edited by James K. Beilby Paul R. Eddy.

Medieval Theories of Divine Providence 1250-1350

Download Medieval Theories of Divine Providence 1250-1350 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004429727
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medieval Theories of Divine Providence 1250-1350 by : Mikko Posti

Download or read book Medieval Theories of Divine Providence 1250-1350 written by Mikko Posti and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Medieval Theories of Divine Providence 1250-1350 Mikko Posti presents a historical and philosophical study of the doctrine of divine providence in 13th- and 14th-century Latin philosophical theology. In addition to offering a fresh and engaging reading of Thomas Aquinas’s ideas concerning providence, Posti focuses on Siger of Brabant, Peter Auriol and Thomas Bradwardine, among others. The book also provides an extended treatment of the relatively little-known 13th-century work Liber de bona fortuna, consisting of Latin translations of chapters found originally in Aristotle’s Ethica Eudemia and Magna moralia. In their treatments of Liber de bona fortuna, the medieval theologians provided philosophically interesting explanations of good fortune and its relationship to divine providence. See inside the book.

African Spirituality, Politics, and Knowledge Systems

Download African Spirituality, Politics, and Knowledge Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350271969
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis African Spirituality, Politics, and Knowledge Systems by : Toyin Falola

Download or read book African Spirituality, Politics, and Knowledge Systems written by Toyin Falola and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the three leading religious traditions in Africa (African Traditional Religion, Islam, and Christianity), this book shows how belief in the supremacy of sacred words compels actions and influences practices in contemporary Africa. "Sacred words” are taken to mean holy texts as in divination, the Quran and the Bible. Toyin Falola evaluates how religious leaders engage with sacred words, both orals and texts, engendering practices that reveal the expression of religious beliefs, the impact of those beliefs, and the knowledge contained in them. Attention is given to the key ideas in the words chosen by religious leaders, and how they form a continuous knowledge system, impacting the politics of managing society and people.

From 4QMMT to Resurrection

Download From 4QMMT to Resurrection PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047410289
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis From 4QMMT to Resurrection by : Florentino García Martínez

Download or read book From 4QMMT to Resurrection written by Florentino García Martínez and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of nineteen essays, written by internationally renowned scholars such as George Brooke, John Collins, Heinz-Josef Fabry, André Lemaire, Julio Trebolle, Emanuel Tov, James VanderKam and others, presented to Émile Puech, palaeographer and Dead Sea Scrolls specialist, on the occasion of his 65th birthday. All contributions deal with aspects of the Dead Sea Scrolls, including fundamental essays on 4QMMT by Steudel, Kratz and Berthelot, and two papers on resurrection and afterlife. Other essays are concerned with textual criticism and the Hebrew Bible, the Astronomical Enoch, the Admonitions of Qahat, 4QInstruction, and Isaac in the Scrolls. This volume will be indispensable for scholars of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and of interest for scholars of Bible and Second Temple Judaism.

Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 vols)

Download Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 vols) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004413219
Total Pages : 1174 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 vols) by : Sebastian Günther

Download or read book Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 vols) written by Sebastian Günther and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-07-13 with total page 1174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change offers fascinating new insights into key issues of learning and human development in classical Islam, including their shared characteristics, influence, and interdependence with historical, non-Muslim educational cultures.