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Diverse Far Red Light Utilization Strategies In Cyanobacteria And Algae
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Book Synopsis Diverse Far-red Light Utilization Strategies in Cyanobacteria and Algae by : Benjamin M. Wolf
Download or read book Diverse Far-red Light Utilization Strategies in Cyanobacteria and Algae written by Benjamin M. Wolf and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their natural environments, photosynthetic organisms are often exposed to widely varied light environments. Species adapted to shade light, often found growing in lower layers of photosynthetic biofilms, must survive on filtered light alone. Filtered light is highly enriched in far-red wavelengths, which are normally unavailable for photosynthetic energy production in most oxygenic phototrophs. To overcome light limitations in filtered light environments, some species of algae and cyanobacteria utilize specialized photosynthetic pigments and antenna systems to harvest these far-red wavelengths. By sampling the natural environment and using custom-built far-red light growth chambers, I have isolated several species of oxygenic phototrophs that are capable of utilizing far-red light, and have characterized their photosynthetic antenna systems. The Eustigmatophyte alga I isolated from Forest Park, St. Louis, MO uses a red-shifted light-harvesting complex that contains Chlorophyll a as its only chlorophyll. The filamentous cyanobacterium LSP65 isolated from the underside of a lily pad in Ludington, MI, contains far-red-absorbing Chlorophyll f, with which it harvests far-red wavelengths. These far-red light-harvesting systems may play an important role in the improvement of photosynthetic light utilization in crop plants in the future.
Book Synopsis Far-red Light Photoadaptations in Aquatic Cyanobacteria by : Svetlana Averina
Download or read book Far-red Light Photoadaptations in Aquatic Cyanobacteria written by Svetlana Averina and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic ecosystems depend on photosynthetic bacteria that use various strategies of adaptation to light quantity and quality; the qualitative strategies include far-red/near infrared ([700 nm) light adaptations. The usage of[700 nm light as energy source is disadvantageous for photosynthesis (long-wavelength quanta are poorer in energy than short-wavelength quanta, and such light is largely screened out by water). Nevertheless, some bacteria produce longwavelength absorbing ??red-shifted?? chlorophylls (Chls) that extend the range of photosynthetically active radiation to the infrared region. The majority of cyanobacteria use 400?700 nm light, with excited state being ultimately entrapped by Chl a at a longwavelength maximal absorbance of * 700 nm. This photoadaptation to far-red light was unknown until the discovery of strains producing Chls d and f in 1996 and 2010, respectively. Today, there is much data on cyanobacteria utilizing Chl d as their main pigment and many studies on accessory Chls d and/or f produced under exposure to far-red light. Further analysis of the photosynthetic apparatuses of cyanobacteria that produce red-shifted Chls will contribute to a better understanding of primary productivity in aquatic communities. In this review, we report on the diversity, distribution, physiological ecology, taxonomy and evolution of aquatic cyanobacteria producing redshifted Chls.
Download or read book Cyanobacteria written by A.K. Mishra and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria constitute the most widely distributed group of photosynthetic prokaryotes found in almost all realms of the earth and play an important role in Earth’s nitrogen and carbon cycle. The gradual transformation from reducing atmosphere to oxidizing atmosphere was a turning point in the evolutionary history of the earth and made conditions for present life forms possible. Cyanobacteria: From Basic Science to Applications is the first reference volume that comprehensively discusses all aspects of cyanobacteria, including the diverse mechanisms of cyanobacteria for the advancement of cyanobacterial abilities, towards higher biofuel productivity, enhanced tolerance to environmental stress and bioactive compounds and potential for biofertilizers. Describes cyanobacterial diversity, stress biology, and biotechnological aspects of cyanobacteria Explores the global importance of cyanobacteria Provides a broad compilation of research that deals with cyanobacterial stress responses in both controlled laboratory conditions as well as in their natural environment
Book Synopsis Photosynthesis in Algae: Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms by : Anthony W.D. Larkum
Download or read book Photosynthesis in Algae: Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms written by Anthony W.D. Larkum and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae, including cyanobacteria, are in the spotlight today for a number of reasons; firstly it has become abundantly clear over recent years that algae have been neglected in terms of basic research and that knowledge gap is being rapidly closed with the establishment of some surprising discoveries, such as the presence of Near-Infra-Red-Absorbing cyanobacteria and a wealth of natural products; secondly molecular approaches have provided a wealth of approaches to genetically modify algae and produce value-added products; thirdly it has become clear just how important, marine phytoplankton is to global carbon capture and the production of food globally; and fourthly, it has also become clear that algae present unparalleled opportunities to generate biofuels in a sustainable and non-polluting way. This volume presents 15 chapters by world experts on their subjects, ranging from reviews of algal diversity and genetics to in-depth reviews of special algal groups such as diatoms (which account for over 30% of marine carbon capture). Other chapters chart the ways in which this carbon capture occurs or how there are a multiplicity of ways in which algae intercept sun light and deploy this energy for carbon capture. A fascinating aspect here is the way in which sun light is harvested. A special chapter is devoted to the very recent and exciting possibility that algae use coherent light energy transformation to enhance the efficiency of light capture, an aspect of quantum physics that has implications for future developments at several levels and a variety of industries. Just how and why algae use Chlorophyll a as the major light capture pigment is discussed in several chapters. However, attention is also given to those cyanobacteria, which have been found to use the special Near-Infra Red absorbing chlorophylls mentioned above. And attention is also given to those algae that employ phycobiliproteins to fill in the “green window”, i.e., the spectral region from 400 – 650 nm, which is not efficiently covered by chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. Photoinhibition and photoprotection is the subject area of several chapters and one which it is essential to understand a we work towards greater efficiency of algal photosynthesis. A final chapter is devoted to understanding the molecular basis for coral bleaching, a much-neglected area that is essential in trying to come up with solutions to this very worrying phenomenon, caused by global warming and ocean acidification. This is a book for research scientists, environmentalists, planners in a range of areas including those of marine resources, nutrient control and pollution of water bodies and that growing body of concerned citizens interested in controlling carbon emissions and global warming. Special attention has been given to generating a set of articles that will be read by university students, informed laymen and all those whose wish to understand the rapid changes that have come about in our knowledge of algae over the past decade.
Download or read book Photomovement written by D.-P. Häder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-06-19 with total page 959 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume emphasizes the involvement of all facets of biology in the analysis of environmentally controlled movement responses. This includes biophysics, biochemistry, molecular biology and as an integral part of any approach to a closer understanding, physiology. The initial euphoria about molecular biology as the final solution for any problem has dwindled and the field agrees now that only the combined efforts of all facets of biology will at some day answer the question posed more than hundred years ago: "How can plants see?". One conclusion can be drawn from the current knowledge as summarized in this volume. The answer will most likely not be the same for all systems.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Far-red Light Photoacclimation in Cyanobacteria by : Ming Ho
Download or read book Characterization of Far-red Light Photoacclimation in Cyanobacteria written by Ming Ho and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation discusses a mechanism that allows some cyanobacteria to utilize far-red light for oxygenic photosynthesis. Although visible light is the major source of energy for oxygenic photosynthesis, the availability of visible light is limiting in some environments, such as the shade of canopies, soils, microbial mats, and stromatolites. Cyanobacteria that grow in such environments have developed an acclimation process called as Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP) to harvest far-red light for oxygenic photosynthesis. In visible light, these cyanobacteria behave like canonical cyanobacteria, harvesting visible light by using phycobilisomes (PBS), and chlorophyll (Chl) a-associated photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). However, in far-red light (FRL; wavelength > 700 nm), in response to the change of light quality, they synthesize Chl d and Chl f, and remodel PBS, PSII, and PSI to harvest FRL for photosynthesis. This capability mostly comes from a conserved FaRLiP gene cluster comprising 20 genes used to remodel the photosynthetic apparatus. These genes include a knotless phytochrome (RfpA), two response regulators (RfpB and RfpC), and genes encoding seventeen proteins that are homologous subunits found in the PBS, PSII, and PSI complexes that occur in white light. More than 15 cyanobacteria encompassing all five taxonomic sections having this FaRLiP gene cluster.The FaRLiP mechanism was further elucidated in this dissertation. Chapter 2 of this thesis describes the establishment of a conjugative method for producing gene deletions and replacements in one of the cyanobacterial strains, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335, that can perform FaRLiP. The genes encoding the phytochrome (rfpA) and the two response regulators (rfpB and rfpC) were individually deleted in this strain, which showed that each of them is essential for FaRLiP. Using the conjugative system, in Chapter 3, I describe the remarkable discovery that Chl f synthase is a paralog of the D1 subunit of PSII, which is encoded in the FaRLiP gene cluster. Like the photochemistry in PSII, the Chl f biosynthetic reaction is also light-dependent. Chapter 4 describes transcriptomic analyses performed to analyze transcriptional responses to growth in FRL. These studies showed that the phytochrome and response regulators specifically control the expression of all the genes in the FaRLiP gene cluster as well as the gene(s) required for the synthesis of Chl d. The characterization of the remodeling of PBS in FRL is discussed in Chapter 5. In Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335, the hemidiscoidal PBS assembled in red light have a tricylindrical core and six peripheral rods. However, in FRL, an additional type of phycobiliprotein complex, bicylindrical cores, are produced. They contain the products of five paralogous genes from the FaRLiP gene cluster, which are allophycocyanin subunits that absorb FRL. A model was developed for the composition and structure of the bicylindrical core complexes produced in FRL. The characterization of remodeled PSI, PSII, and the kinetics of energy transfer from PBS to PSII and PSI in red light and FRL are summarized in Chapter 6 (and to some extent in Chapter 5). In FRL, Chl a is still the major Chl associated with PSI and PSII; additionally, PSI binds Chl f, and PSII binds Chl d and Chl f. The kinetics of energy transfer support the presence of PBS-PSII-PSI megacomplexes and showed that energy is transferred from PBPs to PSII and PSI, and eventually mostly to PSI, in FRL. Overall, this dissertation describes highly detailed information concerning diverse mechanistic aspects of FRL light harvesting for oxygenic photosynthesis. This information will be invaluable for introducing the ability to use FRL into plants in the future.
Book Synopsis Photosynthesis Under Fluctuating Light by : Michele Grieco
Download or read book Photosynthesis Under Fluctuating Light written by Michele Grieco and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-27 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photosynthesis is a fundamental process that drives almost all life on Earth, and is the motor of agriculture and food production. For several decades, its basic functioning has been investigated mainly at steady-state, under constant illumination. This approach was necessary to understand the basic mechanisms underlying the light reactions and carbon assimilation. However, this condition does not reflect the natural environment, where plants experience changes in both the intensity and spectrum of irradiance in a wide range of time scales, spanning from seconds to several hours. In recent years, it has become clear that the processes allowing the photosynthetic apparatus to adapt to changes in irradiance are of paramount importance to plant fitness and productivity. Therefore, increased research effort has been directed towards studying the regulation of photosynthetic activity under fluctuating light, i.e. upon the variation of light intensity or light spectrum. This is important for understanding how photosynthetic organisms cope with natural environmental conditions. Fluctuating light itself constitutes a potentially stressful condition, because, depending on the scale of the fluctuation, it can transiently generate extreme redox and transthylakoid potentials, and forces the photosynthetic machinery to be re-adjusted. Not surprisingly, plants have evolved several mechanisms allowing a prompt response to these normal environmental events. In natural environments, photosynthetic organisms often have to cope with fluctuating light while experiencing other kinds of stress, such as heat, nutrient deficiency, drought, and pathogen attacks. Therefore, the study of combined stresses is essential for understanding the acclimation to realistic environmental conditions.
Author :Ernst-Detlef Schulze Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9783540208334 Total Pages :716 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (83 download)
Book Synopsis Plant Ecology by : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Download or read book Plant Ecology written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook covers Plant Ecology from the molecular to the global level. It covers the following areas in unprecedented breadth and depth: - Molecular ecophysiology (stress physiology: light, temperature, oxygen deficiency, drought, salt, heavy metals, xenobiotica and biotic stress factors) - Autecology (whole plant ecology: thermal balance, water, nutrient, carbon relations) - Ecosystem ecology (plants as part of ecosystems, element cycles, biodiversity) - Synecology (development of vegetation in time and space, interactions between vegetation and the abiotic and biotic environment) - Global aspects of plant ecology (global change, global biogeochemical cycles, land use, international conventions, socio-economic interactions) The book is carefully structured and well written: complex issues are elegantly presented and easily understandable. It contains more than 500 photographs and drawings, mostly in colour, illustrating the fascinating subject. The book is primarily aimed at graduate students of biology but will also be of interest to post-graduate students and researchers in botany, geosciences and landscape ecology. Further, it provides a sound basis for those dealing with agriculture, forestry, land use, and landscape management.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Cyanobacteria by : B.A. Whitton
Download or read book The Ecology of Cyanobacteria written by B.A. Whitton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria make a major contribution to world photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, but are also notorious for causing nuisances such as dense and often toxic `blooms' in lakes and the ocean. The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: Their Diversity in Time and Space is the first book to focus solely on ecological aspects of these organisms. Its twenty-two chapters are written by some thirty authors, who are leading experts in their particular subject. The book begins with an overview of the cyanobacteria - or blue-green algae, for those who are not specialists - then looks at their diversity in the geological record and goes on to describe their ecology in present environments where they play important roles. Why is one of the key groups of organisms in the Precambrian still one of the most important groups of phototrophs today? The importance of ecological information for rational management and exploitation of these organisms for commercial and other practical purposes is also assessed. Accounts are provided of nuisances as well as the ecology of the commercially successful Spirulina and the role of cyanobacteria in ecosystem recovery from oil pollution. Many chapters include aspects of physiology, biochemistry, geochemistry and molecular biology where these help general understanding of the subject. In addition there are three chapters dealing specifically with molecular ecology. Thirty-two pages of colour photos incorporate about seventy views and light micrographs. These features make the book valuable to a wide readership, including biologists, microbiologists, geologists, water managers and environmental consultants. The book complements the highly successful The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria already published by Kluwer.
Book Synopsis Light Harvesting in Photosynthesis by : Roberta Croce
Download or read book Light Harvesting in Photosynthesis written by Roberta Croce and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark collective work introduces the physical, chemical, and biological principles underlying photosynthesis: light absorption, excitation energy transfer, and charge separation. It begins with an introduction to properties of various pigments, and the pigment proteins in plant, algae, and bacterial systems. It addresses the underlying physics of light harvesting and key spectroscopic methods, including data analysis. It discusses assembly of the natural system, its energy transfer properties, and regulatory mechanisms. It also addresses light-harvesting in artificial systems and the impact of photosynthesis on our environment. The chapter authors are amongst the field’s world recognized experts. Chapters are divided into five main parts, the first focused on pigments, their properties and biosynthesis, and the second section looking at photosynthetic proteins, including light harvesting in higher plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and green bacteria. The third part turns to energy transfer and electron transport, discussing modeling approaches, quantum aspects, photoinduced electron transfer, and redox potential modulation, followed by a section on experimental spectroscopy in light harvesting research. The concluding final section includes chapters on artificial photosynthesis, with topics such as use of cyanobacteria and algae for sustainable energy production. Robert Croce is Head of the Biophysics Group and full professor in biophysics of photosynthesis/energy at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. Rienk van Grondelle is full professor at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. Herbert van Amerongen is full professor of biophysics in the Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences at Wageningen University, where he is also director of the MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility. Ivo van Stokkum is associate professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Photosynthesis by : Mohammad Pessarakli
Download or read book Handbook of Photosynthesis written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-07-31 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Photosynthesis offers a unique and comprehensive collection of topics in the field of photosynthesis, serving as an invaluable resource in this field. With contributions from 95 scientists and experts from over 20 countries, this volume has been divided into 13 parts, each serving independently to facilitate the understanding of the material. FEATURES Presents comprehensive information on photosynthesis under normal and environmental stress conditions Covers artificial photosynthesis and its future-related issues Contains 25 new chapters and 18 extensively revised and expanded chapters Includes three new sections: Influence of Nanoparticles on Photosynthesis; Protection of Photosynthesis System and Stress Alleviation Strategies by Photosynthates Manipulations and Photosynthesis Efficiency in Plants under Multiple Abiotic and Biotic Stressors; and Artificial Photosynthesis and Its Future Contains numerous tables, figures, illustrations, and case studies to facilitate the comprehension of the material as well as thousands of index words A primary resource in its field, Handbook of Photosynthesis, Fourth Edition, provides a comprehensive resource for researchers, academics, and for university courses, with the information as a valuable source to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies for dealing with photosynthesis issues.
Download or read book Algal photosynthesis written by Weimin Ma and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photosynthesis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications by : Harvey J.M. Hou
Download or read book Photosynthesis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications written by Harvey J.M. Hou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To address the environmental, socioeconomic, and geopolitical issues associated with increasing global human energy consumption, technologies for utilizing renewable carbon-free or carbon-neutral energy sources must be identified and developed. Among renewable sources, solar energy is quite promising as it alone is sufficient to meet global human demands well into the foreseeable future. However, it is diffuse and diurnal. Thus effective strategies must be developed for its capture, conversion and storage. In this context, photosynthesis provides a paradigm for large-scale deployment. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria and has evolved over 3 billion years. The process of photosynthesis currently produces more than 100 billion tons of dry biomass annually, which equates to a global energy storage rate of ~100 TW. Recently, detailed structural information on the natural photosynthetic systems has been acquired at the molecular level, providing a foundation for comprehensive functional studies of the photosynthetic process. Likewise, sophisticated spectroscopic techniques have revealed important mechanistic details. Such accomplishments have made it possible for scientists and engineers to construct artificial systems for solar energy transduction that are inspired by their biological counterparts. The book contains articles written by experts and world leaders in their respective fields and summarizes the exciting breakthroughs toward understanding the structures and mechanisms of the photosynthetic apparatus as well as efforts toward developing revolutionary new energy conversion technologies. The topics/chapters will be organized in terms of the natural sequence of events occurring in the process of photosynthesis, while keeping a higher-order organization of structure and mechanism as well as the notion that biology can inspire human technologies. For example, the topic of light harvesting, will be followed by charge separation at reaction centers, followed by charge stabilization, followed by chemical reactions, followed by protection mechanisms, followed by other more specialized topics and finally ending with artificial systems and looking forward. As shown in the table of contents (TOC), the book includes and integrates topics on the structures and mechanisms of photosynthesis, and provides relevant information on applications to bioenergy and solar energy transduction.
Author :Richard E. Kendrick Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780792325505 Total Pages :868 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (255 download)
Book Synopsis Photomorphogenesis in Plants by : Richard E. Kendrick
Download or read book Photomorphogenesis in Plants written by Richard E. Kendrick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Dickinson is a household name, the king of the catchphrase, undisputed darling of daytime TV and a rising star. He's a respected antiques expert and exudes a taste for the finer things in life. But the road to his success has not been as smooth as his patter and he's learnt a lot at the school of hard knocks.
Book Synopsis Ecology of Cyanobacteria II by : Brian A. Whitton
Download or read book Ecology of Cyanobacteria II written by Brian A. Whitton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria have existed for 3.5 billion years, yet they are still the most important photosynthetic organisms on the planet for cycling carbon and nitrogen. The ecosystems where they have key roles range from the warmer oceans to many Antarctic sites. They also include dense nuisance growths in nutrient-rich lakes and nitrogen-fixers which aid the fertility of rice-fields and many soils, especially the biological soil crusts of arid regions. Molecular biology has in recent years provided major advances in our understanding of cyanobacterial ecology. Perhaps for more than any other group of organisms, it is possible to see how the ecology, physiology, biochemistry, ultrastructure and molecular biology interact. This all helps to deal with practical problems such as the control of nuisance blooms and the use of cyanobacterial inocula to manage semi-desert soils. Large-scale culture of several organisms, especially "Spirulina" (Arthrospira), for health food and specialist products is increasingly being expanded for a much wider range of uses. In view of their probable contribution to past oil deposits, much attention is currently focused on their potential as a source of biofuel. Please visit http://extras.springer.com/ to view Extra Materials belonging to this volume. This book complements the highly successful Ecology of Cyanobacteria and integrates the discoveries of the past twelve years with the older literature.
Book Synopsis Marine Cyanobacteria by : Loïc Charpy
Download or read book Marine Cyanobacteria written by Loïc Charpy and published by Musee Oceanographique. This book was released on 1999 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecology of Harmful Algae by : E. Granéli
Download or read book Ecology of Harmful Algae written by E. Granéli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-04 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful algal can cause a variety of deleterious effects, including the poisoning of fish and shellfish, habitat disruptions for many organisms, water discoloration, beach fouling, and even toxic effects for humans. In this volume, international experts provide an in-depth analysis of harmful algae topics and offer a comprehensive synthesis of the latest research in the field.
