Divergência genética e avaliação de famílias s1 e top crosses de milho, utilizando-se caracteres agronômicos e marcadores RAPD.

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Book Synopsis Divergência genética e avaliação de famílias s1 e top crosses de milho, utilizando-se caracteres agronômicos e marcadores RAPD. by : E. D. Souza

Download or read book Divergência genética e avaliação de famílias s1 e top crosses de milho, utilizando-se caracteres agronômicos e marcadores RAPD. written by E. D. Souza and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pressão pelo rápido desenvolvimento de híbridos comerciais leva a busca de novas alternativas que sejam eficientes a curto prazo. Populações de base genética estreita, como gerações F2 de híbridos comerciais, quando comparadas com variedades de polinização aberta, tem sido utilizadas como fonte de linhagens porque apresentam bom desempenho para as características importantes no melhoramento. A avaliação das linhagens e feita, normalmente, com base na capacidade de combinação estimada em cruzamentos dialeticos ou em top crosses, sendo estes os mais utilizados. Outro método consiste na avaliação da divergência genética, estimada por meio de caracteres agronômicos ou por marcadores moleculares. Dessa forma, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar famílias de milho S1 por se e em top cross, obtidas de um híbrido simples modificado e verificar se a distância genética estimada por marcadores RAPD e por meio de caracteres agronômicos são preditivas na escolha de genitores promissores para a obtenção de híbridos de milho. Este estudo foi realizado na área experimental e no Laboratório de Genetica Molecular do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, durante os anos agrícolas 96\\97, 97\\98 e 98\\99. Foram utilizadas 100 espigas F2 autofecundadas de plantas F1 obtidas de uma população constituída pelo híbrido simples modificado Pioneer 3072. O trabalho foi realizado em quatro etapas: a) obtenção das famílias S1, b) obtenção dos híbridos top crosses, c) avaliação dos top crosses e das famílias s1 per se e d) análise molecular de uma amostra de 20 famílias s1 mais o testador, utilizando marcadores RAPD. Foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos dos top crosses e das famílias s1, além das correlações entre alguns caracteres. Além disso, estimou-se a divergência genética entre as famílias s1 e os respectivos híbridos top crosses, utilizando-se caracteres agronômicos e marcadores RAPD. Finalmente, foram calculadas as correlações entre as diversas estimativas da divergência genética e da produtividade encontrando-se valores altos e significativos. Verificou-se que a utilização do testador possibilitou a identificação de genótipos superiores e promissores entre as famílias s1 e que as distâncias genéticas obtidas pelos marcadores, embora não tenham apresentado capacidade preditiva, identificaram as famílias que originaram os híbridos mais divergentes e, dentre estes, os mais produtivos. The pressure for the fast development of commercial hybrids leads to the search for new alternatives which may be efficient in the short run. Populations of narrow genetic base such as F2 generations of commercial hybrids when compared with open-pollinated varieties, have been utilized as the source of lines because they show good performance for the important characteristics in breeding. The evaluation of lines is done, normally, on the basis of the combining capacity estimated in diallel crossing or in topcrosses, the latter being the most utilized. Another method consist into the evaluation of genetic divergence, estimated by means of agronomic characters or by molecular markers. Thus, the objectives of this work were: to evaluate S1 maize families per se and in top cross obtained from a modified single hybrid and verify whether the genetic distance estimated by RAPD markers and by means of agronomic characters are predictive in the choice of promising parents for obtaining corn hybrids. This study was accomplished in the experimental area and in the Molecular genetic laoratory of the Departament of Biology of the UFLA over the agricultural years 1996/97, 97/98 and 98/99. 100 F2 ears selfed from F1 plants, obtained from a population made up of the modified single hybrid Pioneer 3072. The work was carried out in four stages: a) obtaining of the S1 families, b) obtaining of topcross hybrids, c) evaluation of the S1 and topcrossfamilies and d) molecular analysis of a sample of 20 S1 families plus the tester by utilizing RAPD markers. The genetic and phenotypic parameters of the topcrosses and S1 families were estimated in addition to the correlations among some characters. Relatively high heritabilities for the trait strawless ear weight and genotypic correlations also high among some characters. In addition, the genetic divergence among S1 families and their respective topcross hybrids, by utilizing agronomic traits and RAPD markers was estimated. Finally, the correlations among the several estimates of genetic divergence and yield were calculated, high and significant values being found. It was verified that the utilization of the tester enabled the identification of superior and promising genotypes among the S1 families and that the genetic distances obtained by the markers, although they had not presented predicting ability, identified the families which gave rise to the most divergent hybrids and among these, the highest yielding ones.

Divergência genética e avaliação de famílias 'S IND.1"e top crosses de milho, utilizando-se caracteres agronômicos e marcadores RAPD

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Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis Divergência genética e avaliação de famílias 'S IND.1"e top crosses de milho, utilizando-se caracteres agronômicos e marcadores RAPD by : Everton Diel Souza

Download or read book Divergência genética e avaliação de famílias 'S IND.1"e top crosses de milho, utilizando-se caracteres agronômicos e marcadores RAPD written by Everton Diel Souza and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Divergencia genetica e capacidade de combinacao entre hibridos de milho

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Divergencia genetica e capacidade de combinacao entre hibridos de milho by : W. M. C. Melo

Download or read book Divergencia genetica e capacidade de combinacao entre hibridos de milho written by W. M. C. Melo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar a capacidade geral de combinacao (CGC), a capacidade especifica de combinacao (CEC) e a heterose entre cultivares de milho e estimar a divergencia genetica existente entre elas, por meio de caracteres morfo-agronomicos e marcadores moleculares. Procurou-se tambem, verificar o relacionamento existente entre a capacidade combinatoria e heterose das cultivares, com as estimativas da divergencia genetica. Na avaliacao do dialelo, foi utilizado dez cultivares de milho (C 909, C 901, C 333, C 805, Z 8392, Z 8452, P 3041, P 3069, AG 9012 e AG 5011), adotando o metodo IV proposto por Griffing (1956). Foram instalados tres experimentos em tres locais do Sul de Minas Gerais (Lavras, Ijaci e Lambari). Foi utilizado o delineamento latice 7x7, com tres repeticoes. Para a avaliacao da divergencia morfo-agronomica, foram obtidas as distancias de Mahalanobis (D2) e a estimativa das variaveis canonicas. Para a obtencao destes dados, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em dois locais do Sul de Minas Gerais (Lavras e Ijaci). Foram utilizados o delineamento blocos casualizados com tres repeticoes. Na avaliacao da divergencia por meio de marcadores moleculares (RAPD), foi utilizado o coeficiente de similaridade de Sorence - Dice, sendo esse transformado em distancia genetica e estas agrupadas a partir de um dendograma (metodo UPGMA). Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que: as cultivares pertencentes a grupos diferentes, quanto a divergencia genetica avaliada por meio de caracteres morfo-agronomicos nao resultam em hibridos F1'S com maior CEC; a distancia de Mahalanobis (D2) nao e util para a selecao de genitores com maior probabilidade de formar bons hibridos F1'S, indicando que, uma maior divergencia genetica entre os materiais nao implicam, necessariamente, em altas estimativas para a capacidade de combinacao; a correlacao entre a estimativa da divergencia genetica avaliada por meio de caracteres morfo-agronomicos e a estimada por meio de marcadores moleculares, embora tenha sido significativa, e de pequena magnitude, indicando que sao medidas distintas e complementares. Dessa forma, a utilizacao de uma estimativa nao substitui a necessidade de se avaliar a outra.

Wood Deterioration and Preservation

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Publisher : ACS Symposium
ISBN 13 : 9780841237971
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Deterioration and Preservation by : Barry Goodell

Download or read book Wood Deterioration and Preservation written by Barry Goodell and published by ACS Symposium. This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years considerable progress has been made in elucidating wood decay mechanisms. This basic knowledge not only has the potential to develop alternative environmentally-benign wood preservatives, but may also impact other areas such as bioremediation and pulp and paper. This book will summarize the latest knowledge of the developments, potential impacts, and applications from some of the world's leading experts.

Mechanisms of Adaptation

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323163289
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Adaptation by : J.R. Spkatch

Download or read book Mechanisms of Adaptation written by J.R. Spkatch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bacteria: Volume VII: Mechanisms of Adaptation explores the mechanisms of bacterial adaptations and covers topics ranging from bacterial spores, cysts, and stalks to nitrogen fixation, bacterial chemotaxis, bacteriophage growth, and the structure and biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. The roles of appendages and surface layers in adaptation of bacteria to their environment are also considered, along with cell division in Escherichia coli. This volume is comprised of nine chapters and begins with a discussion on the structure, properties, formation, and regulation of spores, cysts, and stalks in actinomycetes, blue-green bacteria, myxobacteria, Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Caulobacter. The reader is then introduced to the biochemistry, regulation, genetics, and evolution of nitrogen fixing in organisms; the receptors involved in bacterial chemotaxis and the nature of the sensing mechanism; the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria; and bacterial functions involved in nutrient detection and acquisition. The roles played by organelles and surface layers in the adaptation of bacteria to their environment are also examined. The final chapter deals with the regulation of, and coordination between, the multitude of events involved in cell division in Escherichia coli. This monograph will be a useful resource for microbiologists, bacteriologists, biochemists, and biologists.

Sugarcane Pathology, Vol. 3

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Sugarcane Pathology, Vol. 3 by : G P Rao

Download or read book Sugarcane Pathology, Vol. 3 written by G P Rao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-01-11 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "contains critical reviews and research articles written by distinguished sugarcane pathologists from all over the world. In addition, it serves as an exhaustive and up to date compendium of references on various aspects of bacterial and nematode diseases."--BOOK JACKET.

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323144950
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Antimicrobial Drug Resistance by : L Bryan

Download or read book Antimicrobial Drug Resistance written by L Bryan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial Drug Resistance presents information regarding the ability of organisms to resist natural and synthetically derived inhibitors. It presents the view of the authors who made significant contributions to the understanding of resistance. The book focuses on inhibitors classified as antifungal, antiviral, and antimalarial, as well as metal ions. It also covers numerous reactions, which have been genetically and biochemically analyzed in this context. Additionally, some chapters cover resistance plasmids of most of the clinically important bacteria. The book is designed to aid those involved in microbiological and pharmaceutical research on antimicrobial agents, clinical infectious diseases and medical microbiology, teaching microbiology and pharmacology, pharmaceutical marketing, and infection control.

Genes and Genomes

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080526152
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Genes and Genomes by : R.S. Verma

Download or read book Genes and Genomes written by R.S. Verma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-06-03 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The laws of inheritance were considered quite superficial until 1903, when the chromosome theory of heredity was established by Sutton and Boveri. The discovery of the double helix and the genetic code led to our understanding of gene structure and function. For the past quarter of a century, remarkable progress has been made in the characterization of the human genome in order to search for coherent views of genes. The unit of inheritance termed factor or gene, once upon a time thought to be a trivial an imaginary entity, is now perceived clearly as the precise unit of inheritance that has continually deluged us with amazement by its complex identity and behaviour, sometimes bypassing the university of Mendel's law. The aim of the fifth volume, entitled Genes and Genomes, is to cover the topics ranging from the structure of DNA itself to the structure of the complete genome, along with everything in between, encompassing 12 chapters. These chapters relate much of the information accumulated on the role of DNA in the organization of genes and genomes per se. Several distinguished scientists, all pre-eminent authorities in each field to share their expertise. Obviously, since the historical report on the double helix configuration in 1953, voluminous reports on the meteoric advances in genetics have been accumulated, and to cover every account in a single volume format would be a Herculean task. Therefore, only a few topics are chosen, which are of great interest to molecular geneticists. This volume is intended for advanced graduate students who would wish to keep abreast with the most recent trends in genome biology.

Rhizobiology: Molecular Physiology of Plant Roots

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030849856
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Rhizobiology: Molecular Physiology of Plant Roots by : Soumya Mukherjee

Download or read book Rhizobiology: Molecular Physiology of Plant Roots written by Soumya Mukherjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent advancements in the role of various biomolecules in regulating root growth and development. Rhizobiology is a dynamic sub discipline of plant science which collates investigations from various aspects like physiology, biochemistry, genetic analysis and plant–microbe interactions. The physiology and molecular mechanisms of root development have undergone significant advancements in the last couple of decades. Apart from the already known conventional phytohormones (IAA, GA, cytokinin, ethylene and ABA), certain novel biomolecules have been considered as potential growth regulators or hormones regulating plant growth and development. Root phenotyping and plasticity analysis with respect to the specific functional mutants of each biomolecule shall provide substantial information on the molecular pathways of root signaling. Special emphasis provides insights on the tolerance and modulatory mechanisms of root physiology in response to light burst, ROS generation, agravitrophic response, abiotic stress and biotic interactions. Root Apex Cognition: From Neuronal Molecules to Root-Fungal Networks and Suberin in Monocotyledonous Crop Plants: Structure and Function in Response to Abiotic Stresses” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Chapters “Root Apex Cognition: From Neuronal Molecules to Root-Fungal Networks and Suberin in Monocotyledonous Crop Plants: Structure and Function in Response to Abiotic Stresses” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Bacteria and Plants

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacteria and Plants by : Muriel E. Rhodes-Roberts

Download or read book Bacteria and Plants written by Muriel E. Rhodes-Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions between bacteria and plants in the root environment; Nitrogen fixation by free-living bacteria associated with plants: fact or fiction? Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in plants; Entry and establishment of pathogenic bacteria in plant tissues; The progression of bacterial disease withim plants; Interaction of wall-free prokaryotes with plants; The biology of the crown gall: a plant tumour induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Bacterial diseases of food plants: an overiew; The effect of bacteria on post-harvest quality of vegetables and fruits, with particular reference to spoilage; The production of foods and beverages from plant materials by micro-organisms; Contamination of food plants and plant products with bacteria of publie health significance; Bacteria in frozen vegetables; Toxic bacterial dusts associated with plants; Light microscope techniques for the microbiological examination of plant materials; Selected abstracts of papers presented at the summer conference.