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Distribution Of Labor
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Book Synopsis The Division of Labor in Society by : Émile Durkheim
Download or read book The Division of Labor in Society written by Émile Durkheim and published by Digireads.com. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: mile Durkheim is often referred to as the father of sociology. Along with Karl Marx and Max Weber he was a principal architect of modern social science and whose contribution helped established it as an academic discipline. "The Division of Labor in Society," published in 1893, was his first major contribution to the field and arguably one his most important. In this work Durkheim discusses the construction of social order in modern societies, which he argues arises out of two essential forms of solidarity, mechanical and organic. Durkheim further examines how this social order has changed over time from more primitive societies to advanced industrial ones. Unlike Marx, Durkheim does not argue that class conflict is inherent to the modern Capitalistic society. The division of labor is an essential component to the practice of the modern capitalistic system due to the increased economic efficiency that can arise out of specialization; however Durkheim acknowledges that increased specialization does not serve all interests equally well. This important and foundational work is a must read for all students of sociology and economic philosophy.
Book Synopsis Classical Sociological Theory by : Craig Calhoun
Download or read book Classical Sociological Theory written by Craig Calhoun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive collection of classical sociological theory is a definitive guide to the roots of sociology from its undisciplined beginnings to its current influence on contemporary sociological debate. Explores influential works of Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Mead, Simmel, Freud, Du Bois, Adorno, Marcuse, Parsons, and Merton Editorial introductions lend historical and intellectual perspective to the substantial readings Includes a new section with new readings on the immediate "pre-history" of sociological theory, including the Enlightenment and de Tocqueville Individual reading selections are updated throughout
Book Synopsis The New Division of Labor by : Frank Levy
Download or read book The New Division of Labor written by Frank Levy and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-26 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the current recession ends, many workers will not be returning to the jobs they once held--those jobs are gone. In The New Division of Labor, Frank Levy and Richard Murnane show how computers are changing the employment landscape and how the right kinds of education can ease the transition to the new job market. The book tells stories of people at work--a high-end financial advisor, a customer service representative, a pair of successful chefs, a cardiologist, an automotive mechanic, the author Victor Hugo, floor traders in a London financial exchange. The authors merge these stories with insights from cognitive science, computer science, and economics to show how computers are enhancing productivity in many jobs even as they eliminate other jobs--both directly and by sending work offshore. At greatest risk are jobs that can be expressed in programmable rules--blue collar, clerical, and similar work that requires moderate skills and used to pay middle-class wages. The loss of these jobs leaves a growing division between those who can and cannot earn a good living in the computerized economy. Left unchecked, the division threatens the nation's democratic institutions. The nation's challenge is to recognize this division and to prepare the population for the high-wage/high-skilled jobs that are rapidly growing in number--jobs involving extensive problem solving and interpersonal communication. Using detailed examples--a second grade classroom, an IBM managerial training program, Cisco Networking Academies--the authors describe how these skills can be taught and how our adjustment to the computerized workplace can begin in earnest.
Book Synopsis Readings In The Economics Of The Division Of Labor: The Classical Tradition by : Guang-zhen Sun
Download or read book Readings In The Economics Of The Division Of Labor: The Classical Tradition written by Guang-zhen Sun and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-05-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study of the progressive division of labor is a burgeoning industry in economics in recent years. Classical authors, dating back as early as 500 BC, have made insightful analyses on the determinants and implications of the division of labor. Unfortunately these writings are rather scattered and not readily accessible. This important book aims to fill this void, serving as a valuable source of reference for scholars interested in the economics of specialization.The volume begins with the precursors of political economy including the ancient Greeks, medieval Islamic scholastics and mercantilists, continues with the classical political economists and the neoclassicists, and concludes with the Austrian economists such as Hayek in the 1940s. It covers major themes and perspectives about the division of labor that have ever emerged in the discipline of the economic science, including the economics of increasing returns to specialization, the twin ideas of division of labor and the extent of the market, the theory of the spontaneous market order, coordination in the factory system and large scale manufactures, knowledge and the division of mental labor, integration of analyses of specialization into the neoclassical framework, etc.
Book Synopsis Work and Politics by : Charles F. Sabel
Download or read book Work and Politics written by Charles F. Sabel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1982-07-30 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work and Politics develops a historical and comparative sociology of workplace relations in industrial capitalist societies. Professor Sabel argues that the system of mass production using specialized machines and mostly unskilled workers was the result of the distribution of power and wealth in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Great Britain and the United States, not of an inexorable logic of technological advance. Once in place, this system created the need for workers with systematically different ideas about the acquisition of skill and the desirability of long-term employment. Professor Sabel shows how capitalists have played on naturally existing division in the workforce in order to match workers with diverse ambitions to jobs in different parts of the labor market. But he also demonstrates the limits, different from work group to work group, of these forms of collaboration.
Book Synopsis Liberalism, Neutrality, and the Gendered Division of Labor by : Gina Schouten
Download or read book Liberalism, Neutrality, and the Gendered Division of Labor written by Gina Schouten and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book defends progressive political interventions to erode the gendered division of labor as legitimate exercises of coercive political power. The gendered division of labor is widely regarded as the linchpin of gender injustice. The process of gender equalization in domestic and paid labor allocations has stalled, and a growing number of scholars argue that, absent political intervention, further eroding of the gendered division of labor will not be forthcoming anytime soon. Certain political interventions could jumpstart the stalled gender revolution, but beyond their prospects for effectiveness, such interventions stand in need of another kind of justification. In a diverse, liberal state, reasonable citizens will disagree about what makes for a good life and a good society. Because a fundamental commitment of liberalism is to limit political intrusion into the lives of citizens and allow considerable space for those citizens to act on their own conceptions of the good, questions of legitimacy arise. Legitimacy concerns the constraints we must abide by as we seek collective political solutions to our shared social problems, given that we will disagree, reasonably, both about what constitutes a problem and about what costs we should be willing to incur to fix it. The interventions in question would effectively subsidize gender egalitarian lifestyles at a cost to those who prefer to maintain a traditional gendered division of labor. In a pluralistic, liberal society where many citizens reasonably resist the feminist agenda, can we legitimately use scarce public resources to finance coercive interventions to subsidize gender egalitarianism? This book argues that they can, and moreover, that they can even by the lights of political liberalism, a particularly demanding theory of liberal legitimacy.
Book Synopsis The Distribution of Wealth by : John Bates Clark
Download or read book The Distribution of Wealth written by John Bates Clark and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992 by : John Enrico DiNardo
Download or read book Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992 written by John Enrico DiNardo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a semiparametric procedure to analyze the effects of institutional and labor market factors on recent changes in the U.S. distribution of wages. The effects of these factors are estimated by applying kernel density methods to appropriately 'reweighted' samples. The procedure provides a visually clear representation of where in the density of wages these various factors exert the greatest impact. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we find, as in previous research, that de-unionization and supply and demand shocks were important factors in explaining the rise in wage inequality from 1979 to 1988. We find also compelling visual and quantitative evidence that the decline in the real value of the minimum wage explains a substantial proportion of this increase in wage inequality, particularly for women. We conclude that labor market institutions are as important as supply and demand considerations in explaining changes in the U.S. distribution of wages from 1979 to 1988.
Book Synopsis The Second Shift by : Arlie Hochschild
Download or read book The Second Shift written by Arlie Hochschild and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated edition of a standard in its field that remains relevant more than thirty years after its original publication. Over thirty years ago, sociologist and University of California, Berkeley professor Arlie Hochschild set off a tidal wave of conversation and controversy with her bestselling book, The Second Shift. Hochschild's examination of life in dual-career housholds finds that, factoring in paid work, child care, and housework, working mothers put in one month of labor more than their spouses do every year. Updated for a workforce that is now half female, this edition cites a range of updated studies and statistics, with an afterword from Hochschild that addresses how far working mothers have come since the book's first publication, and how much farther we all still must go.
Book Synopsis The System of Professions by : Andrew Abbott
Download or read book The System of Professions written by Andrew Abbott and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The System of Professions Andrew Abbott explores central questions about the role of professions in modern life: Why should there be occupational groups controlling expert knowledge? Where and why did groups such as law and medicine achieve their power? Will professionalism spread throughout the occupational world? While most inquiries in this field study one profession at a time, Abbott here considers the system of professions as a whole. Through comparative and historical study of the professions in nineteenth- and twentieth-century England, France, and America, Abbott builds a general theory of how and why professionals evolve.
Book Synopsis Here's the Plan. by : Allyson Downey
Download or read book Here's the Plan. written by Allyson Downey and published by Seal Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many women in their 20's and 30's, the greatest professional hurdle they'll need to overcome has little to do with their work life. The most focused, confident, and ambitious women can find themselves derailed by a tiny little thing: a new baby. While more workplaces are espousing family-friendly cultures, women are still subject to a "parenting penalty" and high-profile conflicts between parenting and the workplace are all over the news: from the controversy over companies covering the costs of egg-freezing to the debate over parental leave and childcare inspired by Marissa Mayer's policies at Yahoo. Here's the Plan offers an inventive and inspiring roadmap for working mothers steering their careers through the parenting years. Author Allyson Downey, founder of weeSpring, the "Yelp for baby products,” and mother of two young children advises readers on all practical aspects of ladder-climbing while parenting, such as negotiating leave, flex time, and promotions. In the style of #GIRLBOSS or Nice Girls Don't Get the Corner Office, Here's the Plan is the definitive guide for ambitious mothers, written by one working mother to another.
Book Synopsis What Does the Minimum Wage Do? by : Dale Belman
Download or read book What Does the Minimum Wage Do? written by Dale Belman and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2014-07-07 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belman and Wolfson perform a meta-analysis on scores of published studies on the effects of the minimum wage to determine its impacts on employment, wages, poverty, and more.
Book Synopsis Dominant Divisions of Labor: Models of Production That Have Transformed the World of Work by : T. Janoski
Download or read book Dominant Divisions of Labor: Models of Production That Have Transformed the World of Work written by T. Janoski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past century of labor was definitively captured by theories like Fordism and Taylorism, or scientific managment, but how do we make sense of global production today? This short book takes a panoramic view of the candidates for the most succinct theory of the 21st century division of labor, including post-Fordism, flexible accumulation, McDonaldization, Waltonism, Nikeification, Gatesism and Siliconism, shareholder value, and lean production and Toyotism. Authors Thomas Janoski and Darina Lepadatu argue that lean production in a somewhat expanded version presents three variations: Toyotism (the strongest form), Nikeification (a moderate form with off-shored plants lacking teamwork) and Waltonism (the merchandising form that presses for off-shoring). While all three share strong elements of "just in time" (JIT) production and supply chain management, they differ in how teamwork and long-term philosophies are valued. This critical review of dominant established theories serves to inform subsequent research on the contemporary international division of labor.
Book Synopsis Industrial Labor on the Margins of Capitalism by : Chris Hann
Download or read book Industrial Labor on the Margins of Capitalism written by Chris Hann and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together ethnographic case studies of industrial labor from different parts of the world, Industrial Labor on the Margins of Capitalism explores the increasing casualization of workforces and the weakening power of organized labor. This division owes much to state policies and is reflected in local understandings of class. By exploring this relationship, these essays question the claim that neoliberal ideology has become the new ‘commonsense’ of our times and suggest various propositions about the conditions that create employment regimes based on flexible labor.
Book Synopsis Division of Labor in Cells by : Geoffrey H. Bourne
Download or read book Division of Labor in Cells written by Geoffrey H. Bourne and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Division of Labor in Cells, Second Edition focuses on cytological techniques used in studies related to the complexities of cell structure and function. The publication first elaborates on the structure of cell membrane and cytoplasm, including the endoplasmic reticulum, nature of microsomes, differential centrifugation, and permeability of cell membranes. The book then takes a look at the mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. Topics include metabolic substances found in the mitochondria, plant cells, protein and fat metabolism, lysosomes, metabolism of carbohydrates, plastids and chloroplasts, and chemical nature of the mitochondria. The manuscript elaborates on gland cells, muscle fibers, and nerve fibers and the nucleus and nucleic acids. Discussions focus on the striated muscle fiber, nucleocytoplasmic relationships, nucleic acids of the nucleus, DNA, RNA, and genes, chromosomes, and spindle fibers. The publication is a vital reference for researchers interested in cell structure and function.
Download or read book Labor written by Andrew Herod and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor is the source of all wealth. Without workers, the world's natural resources cannot be transformed into finished goods and services cannot be delivered. Labor, though, is a uniquely important resource because, unlike others, it is capable of altering its own conditions of existence and of challenging how it is used. In this book, Andrew Herod offers an original and wide-ranging analysis of labor as a multifaceted and truly global resource. Opening with a rich overview of the migration streams and demographic trends that have shaped the planetary distribution of labor, he goes on to explore how globalization and the growth of precarious work are impacting working people's lives in both "Old Economy" and "New Economy" employment sectors. He concludes by surveying some of the ways in which working people are taking action to improve their lives, including forming trade unions and other labor organizations, occupying factories in places like Argentina and Greece, and establishing anti-sweatshop campaigns. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the state of labor in today's global economy.
Book Synopsis What Unions No Longer Do by : Jake Rosenfeld
Download or read book What Unions No Longer Do written by Jake Rosenfeld and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From workers' wages to presidential elections, labor unions once exerted tremendous clout in American life. In the immediate post-World War II era, one in three workers belonged to a union. The fraction now is close to one in five, and just one in ten in the private sector. The only thing big about Big Labor today is the scope of its problems. While many studies have explained the causes of this decline, What Unions No Longer Do shows the broad repercussions of labor's collapse for the American economy and polity. Organized labor was not just a minor player during the middle decades of the twentieth century, Jake Rosenfeld asserts. For generations it was the core institution fighting for economic and political equality in the United States. Unions leveraged their bargaining power to deliver benefits to workers while shaping cultural understandings of fairness in the workplace. What Unions No Longer Do details the consequences of labor's decline, including poorer working conditions, less economic assimilation for immigrants, and wage stagnation among African-Americans. In short, unions are no longer instrumental in combating inequality in our economy and our politics, resulting in a sharp decline in the prospects of American workers and their families.
