Dissent in the Soviet Union: The Role of Andrei Sakharov in the Human Rights Movement

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638278344
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis Dissent in the Soviet Union: The Role of Andrei Sakharov in the Human Rights Movement by : Kirsten Kuptz

Download or read book Dissent in the Soviet Union: The Role of Andrei Sakharov in the Human Rights Movement written by Kirsten Kuptz and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2004-05-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Russia, grade: A, Johns Hopkins University, language: English, abstract: ‘Other civilizations, including more "successful" ones, should exist an infinite number of times on the "preceding" and the "following" pages of the Book of the Universe. Yet this should not minimize our sacred endeavors in this world of ours, where, like faint glimmers of light in the dark, we have emerged for a moment from the nothingness of dark unconsciousness of material existence. We must make good the demands of reason and create a life worthy of ourselves and of the goals we only dimly perceive.’ (From the Nobel Lecture of Andrei Sakharov, 1975) Dissent in the Soviet Union was not well known: neither in the West nor in Soviet society itself. Prior to the end of total terror with the death of Stalin in 1953, dissent in the Soviet Union could not be expressed publicly. In his first years in power, Khrushchev tolerated a certain degree of free discussion and even released some political prisoners. Soon, however, the ‘refreezing of the thaw’ began, especially under Brezhnev; critics became too outspoken, and demands for free expression exceeded ‘acceptable limits’. The Communist Party regained absolute control over the flow of information and ideas, and over all kinds of literature. Yet despite the ideological penetration and strict surveillance of society through the authorities and the KGB in particular, some people were able to fight for their rights and for a rival vision of freedom and justice. It is debatable whether the term ‘movement’ can be appropriately applied to dissent in the Soviet Union since it lacked any organizational structure or formal program. That said, the term is commonly used to describe the group of people, emerging in the early 1960s, who raised their voice against policies of the regime. Soon, the physicist Andrei Sakharov was considered to represent the spirit of the movement: ‘he embodies the human rights movement in his own person: self-sacrifice, a willingness to help persons [...] who are illegally prosecuted; intellectual tolerance, unwavering insistence on the rights and dignity of the individual, and an aversion to lies and to all forms of violence (Alexeyeva 1985: 332).’ A father of the Soviet hydrogen-bomb, Sakharov’s life came to a radical turning-point when his interest shifted from physics - which had placed him among the elite of Soviet society - to politics - which converted him into a nonconformist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. [...]

The Soviet Human Rights Movement

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Soviet Human Rights Movement by : Valeriĭ Chalidze

Download or read book The Soviet Human Rights Movement written by Valeriĭ Chalidze and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Andrei Sakharov and Human Rights

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Author :
Publisher : Council of Europe
ISBN 13 : 9789287169471
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (694 download)

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Book Synopsis Andrei Sakharov and Human Rights by : Council of Europe. Commissioner for Human Rights

Download or read book Andrei Sakharov and Human Rights written by Council of Europe. Commissioner for Human Rights and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Andrei Sakharov, Nobel Peace Prize winner and physicist, was a leading human rights activist in the Soviet Union, and one of the world's great thinkers. His principled messages contributed To The non-violent, revolutionary changes of 1989, and continue to influence work in favour of justice and human rights today. This book, containing selected human rights texts, Is published as part of a series of initiatives highlighting how acutely relevant his ideas remain in our time.

Dissent in the USSR

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Dissent in the USSR by : Rudolf L. Tökés

Download or read book Dissent in the USSR written by Rudolf L. Tökés and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Human Rights and the Detention of Andrei Sakharov, Update

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights and the Detention of Andrei Sakharov, Update by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Organizations

Download or read book Human Rights and the Detention of Andrei Sakharov, Update written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Organizations and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Globalizing Human Rights

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136646930
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalizing Human Rights by : Christian Peterson

Download or read book Globalizing Human Rights written by Christian Peterson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalizing Human Rights explores the complexities of the role human rights played in U.S.-Soviet relations during the 1970s and 1980s. It will show how private citizens exploited the larger effects of contemporary globalization and the language of the Final Act to enlist the U.S. government in a global campaign against Soviet/Eastern European human rights violations. A careful examination of this development shows the limitations of existing literature on the Reagan and Carter administrations’ efforts to promote internal reform in USSR. It also reveals how the Carter administration and private citizens, not Western European governments, played the most important role in making the issue of human rights a fundamental aspect of Cold War competition. Even more important, it illustrates how each administration made the support of non-governmental human rights activities an integral element of its overall approach to weakening the international appeal of the USSR. In addition to looking at the behavior of the U.S. government, this work also highlights the limitations of arguments that focus on the inherent weakness of Soviet dissent during the early to mid 1980s. In the case of the USSR, it devotes considerable attention to why Soviet leaders failed to revive the international reputation of their multinational empire in face of consistent human rights critiques. It also documents the crucial role that private citizens played in shaping Mikhail Gorbachev’s efforts to reform Soviet-style socialism.

Soviet Dissidents

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Publisher : Beacon Press (MA)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Soviet Dissidents by : Joshua Rubenstein

Download or read book Soviet Dissidents written by Joshua Rubenstein and published by Beacon Press (MA). This book was released on 1985 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Making of Andrei Sakharov

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis The Making of Andrei Sakharov by : George Bailey

Download or read book The Making of Andrei Sakharov written by George Bailey and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Uncensored Russia

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Publisher : Jonathan Cape
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncensored Russia by : Peter Reddaway

Download or read book Uncensored Russia written by Peter Reddaway and published by Jonathan Cape. This book was released on 1972 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oversættelse af det uofficielle russiske nyhedsblad "A Chronicle of Current Events (Nos 1-11), produceret af en anonym kollektiv gruppe, som dokumenterer russiske brud på menneskerettigheder

Détente and the Democratic Movement in the USSR

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Publisher : New York : Free Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Détente and the Democratic Movement in the USSR by : Frederick Charles Barghoorn

Download or read book Détente and the Democratic Movement in the USSR written by Frederick Charles Barghoorn and published by New York : Free Press. This book was released on 1976 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sakharov: A Biography

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Publisher : Plunkett Lake Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Sakharov: A Biography by : Richard Lourie

Download or read book Sakharov: A Biography written by Richard Lourie and published by Plunkett Lake Press. This book was released on 2019-08-09 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seemingly shy, Andrei Sakharov was in fact a man of three great passions. His passion for physics ultimately lead him to create the Soviet H-Bomb, making the USSR a super power. But he rejected all the position and prestige his inventions had brought him in the name of a greater passion — for justice. And yielding nothing to these two passions was his passion for human rights activist Elena Bonner, their love story one of the great romances of our time. This book tells the story of the man, his passions, and the time and place where they all played out. “As Richard Lourie’s new, subtle and revealing biography of Sakharov demonstrates... [Sakharov] ranks with Nelson Mandela as a person who helped guide his country to democracy, changing himself in the process. One of the strengths of Lourie’s biography is his description and analysis of how this transition occurred... a fascinating account of Sakharov... [Lourie’s] analysis of [Sakharov’s] complicated political journey seems authentic and immensely revealing.” — Loren Graham, The New York Times “A vivid portrait of [Sakharov,] this moral and intellectual giant... Lourie has written a highly intelligent and exceptionally readable book. He not only captures his protagonist admirably but exhibits a fine feel for the social and political backdrop as well as for the peculiar mixture of fearful servility and courageous generosity of the Russian people. Among other things, he vividly brings to life how the Communist regime constrained scientists, sometimes even arresting and murdering them, while those who survived persevered in their work to achieve remarkable results.” — Aleksa Djilas,Commentary Magazine “Lourie does full justice to a life that could not be more engrossing. The socially introverted son of Moscow intelligentsia, Andrei Sakharov became a star physics pupil, then chief architect of the Soviet Union’s first thermonuclear device, and later on a dissident and target of KGB ire — and finally the moral conscience of a democratically awakening Russia... The evolution from a politically passive scientist to a lonely figure holding sidewalk vigils outside kangaroo courtrooms is almost unfathomable for a non-Russian. Lourie, however, makes it comprehensible, not least by painting with an artist’s spare, deft strokes this transcendent figure into the history of his day.” — Robert Legvold, Foreign Affairs “Richard Lourie is ideally placed to write the first full biography of this remarkable man. He was able to interview Sakharov and many of his colleagues. He has translated Sakharov’s memoirs, and often uses direct speech drawn from them to take us behind the scenes without giving rise to the usual suspicion of novelistic invention. This makes for an engagingly readable book... Lourie’s appraisal of Sakharov as a man is scrupulously balanced, with as much emphasis on his obstinacy as on his compassion... The book conveys both the elation of scientific work, the intense love between Sakharov and his second wife, and the bewildering nature of human courage.” — Elaine Feinstein, The Telegraph “The inventor of the Soviet H-bomb, [Sakharov] was in the forefront of the post-war breakthrough in thermonuclear physics that led to the creation of atomic energy. Yet he also stood, heroically at times, in the vanguard of the movement for human rights in the Soviet Union. Richard Lourie tells both these stories in this first full-length biography of the physicist and dissident. Lourie has benefited from the recent publication of the KGB files on Sakharov. He also knew the man himself, whose Memoirs he helped to smuggle out of Russia to the West (where they were published in Lourie’s translation a year after Sakharov’s death in 1989). Sakharov’s widow, Elena Bonner, has helped Lourie’s research, which adds a welcome new perspective on the last 20 years of his eventful life, when husband and wife were subjected to a bullying campaign of threats and slander by the KGB in a vain attempt to silence them.” — Orlando Figes, The Telegraph “A solid factual and interpretive study... Sakharov is an important account of one scientist’s courage and his quest for a humane world at peace.” — Herbert Mitgang, Chicago Tribune “This first biography of the renowned physicist, Soviet dissident and Nobel Peace Prize winner weaves the details of Sakharov’s life together with the history of the Soviet Union, which barely outlasted him. Lourie... describes Sakharov’s upbringing in a liberal family and his rise through the Soviet science program during the 1930s and ‘40s. Lourie’s vivid accounts of Sakharov’s meetings with Stalin and KGB chief Beria, his role in the intelligentsia, his marriages and his cramped apartments offer a textured picture of Soviet life during the Cold War... Lourie’s intelligent, engaging biography will be appreciated by those interested in Russian and Cold War history.” — Publishers Weekly

The Solzhenitsyn-Sakharov Dialogue

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Author :
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Solzhenitsyn-Sakharov Dialogue by : Donald Kelley

Download or read book The Solzhenitsyn-Sakharov Dialogue written by Donald Kelley and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1982-08-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov as political philosophers, presenting their philosophies in a comparative framework. He sets their dissident activities within the larger framework of the emergence of dissent in contemporary Soviet society. Both men are recognized as the products of their life experiences, their occupations as author and scientist respectively, their views of the social and political legitimacy of the current Soviet regime, and their hopes for the future as expressed in their images of the ideal Soviet society. This work also compares the Solzhenitsyn-Sakharov dialogue to the ongoing debate in western nations about the nature and future of industrial society, and clarifies the ideologies of two key figures in the modern-day Russian dissident movement.

Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom by : Andrei D. Sakharov

Download or read book Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom written by Andrei D. Sakharov and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108171338
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev by : Maria Rogacheva

Download or read book The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev written by Maria Rogacheva and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rogacheva sheds new light on the complex transition of Soviet society from Stalinism into the post-Stalin era. Using the case study of Chernogolovka, one of dozens of scientific towns built in the USSR under Khrushchev, she explains what motivated scientists to participate in the Soviet project during the Cold War. Rogacheva traces the history of this scientific community from its creation in 1956 through the Brezhnev period to paint a nuanced portrait of the living conditions, political outlook, and mentality of the local scientific intelligentsia. Utilizing new archival materials and an extensive oral history project, this book argues that Soviet scientists were not merely bought off by the Soviet state, but that they bought into the idealism and social optimism of the post-Stalin regime. Many shared the regime's belief in the progressive development of Soviet society on a scientific basis, and embraced their increased autonomy, material privileges and elite status.

The Last Utopia

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674256522
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Last Utopia by : Samuel Moyn

Download or read book The Last Utopia written by Samuel Moyn and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human rights offer a vision of international justice that today’s idealistic millions hold dear. Yet the very concept on which the movement is based became familiar only a few decades ago when it profoundly reshaped our hopes for an improved humanity. In this pioneering book, Samuel Moyn elevates that extraordinary transformation to center stage and asks what it reveals about the ideal’s troubled present and uncertain future. For some, human rights stretch back to the dawn of Western civilization, the age of the American and French Revolutions, or the post–World War II moment when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was framed. Revisiting these episodes in a dramatic tour of humanity’s moral history, The Last Utopia shows that it was in the decade after 1968 that human rights began to make sense to broad communities of people as the proper cause of justice. Across eastern and western Europe, as well as throughout the United States and Latin America, human rights crystallized in a few short years as social activism and political rhetoric moved it from the hallways of the United Nations to the global forefront. It was on the ruins of earlier political utopias, Moyn argues, that human rights achieved contemporary prominence. The morality of individual rights substituted for the soiled political dreams of revolutionary communism and nationalism as international law became an alternative to popular struggle and bloody violence. But as the ideal of human rights enters into rival political agendas, it requires more vigilance and scrutiny than when it became the watchword of our hopes.

The Dissidents

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Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815737742
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dissidents by : Peter Reddaway

Download or read book The Dissidents written by Peter Reddaway and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nearly forgotten story of Soviet dissidents It has been nearly three decades since the collapse of the Soviet Union—enough time for the role that the courageous dissidents ultimately contributed to the communist system's collapse to have been largely forgotten, especially in the West. This book brings to life, for contemporary readers, the often underground work of the men and women who opposed the regime and authored dissident texts, known as samizdat, that exposed the tyrannies and weaknesses of the Soviet state both inside and outside the country. Peter Reddaway spent decades studying the Soviet Union and got to know these dissidents and their work, publicizing their writings in the West and helping some of them to escape the Soviet Union and settle abroad. In this memoir he captures the human costs of the repression that marked the Soviet state, focusing in particular on Pavel Litvinov, Larisa Bogoraz, General Petro Grigorenko, Anatoly Marchenko, Alexander Podrabinek, Vyacheslav Bakhmin, and Andrei Sinyavsky. His book describes their courage but also puts their work in the context of the power struggles in the Kremlin, where politicians competed with and even succeeded in ousting one another. Reddaway's book takes readers beyond Moscow, describing politics and dissident work in other major Russian cities as well as in the outlying republics.

Meeting the Demands of Reason

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Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801457149
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Meeting the Demands of Reason by : Jay Bergman

Download or read book Meeting the Demands of Reason written by Jay Bergman and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Soviet physicist, dissident, and human rights activist Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. The first Russian to have been so recognized, Sakharov in his Nobel lecture held that humanity had a "sacred endeavor" to create a life worthy of its potential, that "we must make good the demands of reason," by confronting the dangers threatening the world, both then and now: nuclear annihilation, famine, pollution, and the denial of human rights.Meeting the Demands of Reason provides a comprehensive account of Sakharov's life and intellectual development, focusing on his political thought and the effect his ideas had on Soviet society. Jay Bergman places Sakharov's dissidence squarely within the ethical legacy of the nineteenth-century Russian intelligentsia, inculcated by his father and other family members from an early age.In 1948, one year after receiving his doctoral candidate's degree in physics, Sakharov began work on the Soviet hydrogen bomb and later received both the Stalin and the Lenin prizes for his efforts. Although as a nuclear physicist he had firsthand experience of honors and privileges inaccessible to ordinary citizens, Sakharov became critical of certain policies of the Soviet government in the late 1950s. He never renounced his work on nuclear weaponry, but eventually grew concerned about the environmental consequences of testing and feared unrestrained nuclear proliferation.Bergman shows that these issues led Sakharov to see the connection between his work in science and his responsibilities to the political life of his country. In the late 1960s, Sakharov began to condemn the Soviet system as a whole in the name of universal human rights. By the 1970s, he had become, with Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the most recognized Soviet dissident in the West, which afforded him a measure of protection from the authorities. In 1980, however, he was exiled to the closed city of Gorky for protesting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In 1986, the new Gorbachev regime allowed him to return to Moscow, where he played a central role as both supporter and critic in the years of perestroika.Two years after Sakharov's death, the Soviet Union collapsed, and in the courageous example of his unyielding commitment to human rights, skillfully recounted by Bergman, Sakharov remains an enduring inspiration for all those who would tell truth to power.