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Discussion Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements By Leong E C Yeo S H And Rahardjo H
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Book Synopsis Discussion "Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements" by Leong, E. C., Yeo, S. H., and Rahardjo, H. by : J-S Lee
Download or read book Discussion "Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements" by Leong, E. C., Yeo, S. H., and Rahardjo, H. written by J-S Lee and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements by : EC. Leong
Download or read book Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements written by EC. Leong and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of bender element to measure shear wave velocity is popular due to its simplicity. However, there are still some uncertainties in the interpretation of the bender element test. In this paper, the use of bender elements in the determination of shear wave velocities of dry, unsaturated, and saturated soil specimens is examined with respect to the characteristics of the bender elements, waveform, magnitude, and frequency of the applied voltage to the transmitter bender element and method of travel time determination. The interpretation of the bender element test can be improved if two performance criteria are adopted: (1) a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 4 dB for the receiver signal, and (2) a wave path length to wavelength ratio of at least 3.33. Procedures to estimate the strain level associated with the shear wave velocity measurement using bender element are also described.
Book Synopsis Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice by : Delwyn G. Fredlund
Download or read book Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice written by Delwyn G. Fredlund and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-24 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to unsaturated soil— from the world's experts on the subject This book builds upon and substantially updates Fredlund and Rahardjo's publication, Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, the current standard in the field of unsaturated soils. It provides readers with more thorough coverage of the state of the art of unsaturated soil behavior and better reflects the manner in which practical unsaturated soil engineering problems are solved. Retaining the fundamental physics of unsaturated soil behavior presented in the earlier book, this new publication places greater emphasis on the importance of the "soil-water characteristic curve" in solving practical engineering problems, as well as the quantification of thermal and moisture boundary conditions based on the use of weather data. Topics covered include: Theory to Practice of Unsaturated Soil Mechanics Nature and Phase Properties of Unsaturated Soil State Variables for Unsaturated Soils Measurement and Estimation of State Variables Soil-Water Characteristic Curves for Unsaturated Soils Ground Surface Moisture Flux Boundary Conditions Theory of Water Flow through Unsaturated Soils Solving Saturated/Unsaturated Water Flow Problems Air Flow through Unsaturated Soils Heat Flow Analysis for Unsaturated Soils Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils Shear Strength Applications in Plastic and Limit Equilibrium Stress-Deformation Analysis for Unsaturated Soils Solving Stress-Deformation Problems with Unsaturated Soils Compressibility and Pore Pressure Parameters Consolidation and Swelling Processes in Unsaturated Soils Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice is essential reading for geotechnical engineers, civil engineers, and undergraduate- and graduate-level civil engineering students with a focus on soil mechanics.
Book Synopsis Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground by : Mohammed Elshafie
Download or read book Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground written by Mohammed Elshafie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 877 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground comprises a collection of 112 papers, the Fujita Lecture, three Special Lectures and the Bright Spark Lecture presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, held in Cambridge, United Kingdom, 27-29 June 2022. This second edition includes four general reports on the symposium themes. The symposium is the latest in a series which began in New Delhi in 1994, and was followed by symposia in London (1996), Tokyo (1999), Toulouse (2002), Amsterdam (2005), Shanghai (2008), Rome (2011), Seoul (2014) and Sao Paulo (2017). This was organised by the Geotechnical Research Group at the University of Cambridge, under the auspices of the Technical Committee TC204 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground includes contributions from more than 25 countries on research, design and construction of underground works in soft ground. The contributions cover: Field case studies Sensing technologies and monitoring for underground construction in soft ground Physical and numerical modelling of tunnels and deep excavations in soft ground Seismic response of underground infrastructure in soft ground Design and application of ground improvement for underground construction Ground movements, interaction with existing structures and mitigation measures The general reports give an overview of the papers submitted to the symposium, covered in four technical sessions. The proceedings include the written version of the five invited lectures covering topics ranging from developments in geotechnical aspects of underground construction, tunnelling and groundwater interaction (short and long-term effects), the influence of earth pressure balance shield tunnelling on pre-convergence and segmental liner loading (field observations, modelling and implications on design). Similar to previous editions, Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground represents a valuable source of reference on the current practice of analysis, design, and construction of tunnels and deep excavations in soft ground. The book is particularly aimed at academics and professionals interested in geotechnical and underground engineering.
Book Synopsis Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground. 2nd Edition by : Mohammed Elshafie
Download or read book Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground. 2nd Edition written by Mohammed Elshafie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-12-26 with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION IN SOFT GROUND comprises a collection of 112 contributions presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, held in Cambridge, United Kingdom, 27-29th June 2022. This 2nd edition also includes four general reports on the symposium themes which give an overview of the papers submitted to the symposium, covered in four technical sessions. The symposium is the latest in a series which began in New Delhi in 1994, and was followed by symposia in London (1996), Tokyo (1999), Toulouse (2002), Amsterdam (2005), Shanghai (2008), Rome (2011), Seoul (2014) and Sao Paulo (2017). This symposium was organised by the Geotechnical Research Group at the University of Cambridge, under the auspices of the Technical Committee TC204 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground includes contributions from more than 25 countries on the research, design and construction of underground works in soft ground. The contributions cover the following themes: Field case studies Sensing technologies and monitoring for underground construction in soft ground Physical and numerical modelling of tunnels and deep excavations in soft ground Seismic response of underground infrastructure in soft ground Design and application of ground improvement for underground construction Ground movements, interaction with existing structures and mitigation measures Similar to previous editions, GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION IN SOFT GROUND represents a valuable source of reference on the current practice of analysis, design, and construction of tunnels and deep excavations in soft ground. The book is particularly aimed at academics and professionals interested in geotechnical and underground engineering.
Download or read book Canadian Geotechnical Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automatic Shear Wave Velocity Estimation in Bender Element Testing by : M. Finas
Download or read book Automatic Shear Wave Velocity Estimation in Bender Element Testing written by M. Finas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic properties of soils, such as shear wave velocity and damping, are some of critical parameters in the design of civil infrastructures subjected to vibrations from earthquakes and machine foundations. Bender element (BE) testing is used in the laboratory to determine shear wave velocity; however, there is no standard procedure for the interpretation of the results. The main limitation in BE testing is the correct estimation of the shear wave arrival time leading to uncertainty in the values of shear wave velocity. In this paper, three different automatic methods for the shear wave arrival time detection were tested. From these methods, a new procedure was proposed for the automatic determination of the shear wave arrival time using the Akaike information criterion. The method is tested on a series of bender element measurements giving less than 5 % error when the results were compared with the standard method for a signal-to-noise ratio higher than four.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity from Bender Elements Using Cross-correlation by : David Airey
Download or read book Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity from Bender Elements Using Cross-correlation written by David Airey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of bender elements to determine shear wave velocity, and hence shear modulus, is becoming increasingly popular, with commercial systems now available. The most common method of interpretation is to make use of first arrival; however, automation of this procedure has been impossible for the wide range of velocities, sample sizes, stress levels, etc. encountered in soil and weak rock testing. A method for automating the velocity measurement was proposed by Mohsin and Airey in 2003 and relied on the use of cross-correlation. Since that time, many papers have been published on the method of interpretation, and these have often dismissed cross-correlation out of hand or have suggested that it does not work. These criticisms are based on either the fallacy that the input and output waves must look similar in order for the method to work or the selection of the wrong peak in the cross-correlation. We have been using the technique in the laboratory routinely for several years and have found that it can provide results that are at least as good as those obtained via other methods for soils varying from soft clay to silty gravel and well-cemented sand and at stress levels from 10 kPa to 2000 kPa. The greatest advantage of the technique is that it removes much of the subjectivity from the analysis, and in our opinion it is the only viable currently proposed method that is suitable for automation, and thus for standardization. This paper provides details of the procedure, pulse type and frequency, and calibration and discusses issues that affect the development of a standard. Results for a range of soil types, stress levels, and shear wave velocities are presented to demonstrate the reliability of the technique.
Book Synopsis Continuous Monitoring of Bender Element Shear Wave Velocities During Triaxial Testing by : Mark A. Styler
Download or read book Continuous Monitoring of Bender Element Shear Wave Velocities During Triaxial Testing written by Mark A. Styler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bender element testing is used to measure shear wave velocities (VS) across soil specimens in the laboratory. Conventional bender element testing is carried out at a few discrete points during an experiment. This paper presents a method which uses bender elements to monitor VS continuously throughout a triaxial test. The method is based on monitoring the change in phase angle between a continuous trigger signal and a received signal. It allows the phase velocity at multiple selected frequencies to be monitored throughout a test. The method is described in detail and its use is illustrated for triaxial tests on loose specimens of Fraser River sand prepared by water pluviation. The variation of shear wave velocity is demonstrated during consolidation, ageing, and shearing to failure along a conventional stress path. Potential difficulties of interpretation are presented and discussed. In addition, the potential for continuous excitation of the specimen to alter the test results is considered and dismissed based on a comparison of samples tested without benders and with continuous benders at a range of excitation voltages. The proposed method for continuously monitoring bender element shear wave velocities does not use special or unique equipment. It results in a continuous VS from a trigger and receiver element installed on opposite ends of a triaxial specimen. This method provides a measure of VS during dynamic phases of an experiment that have not previously been observed. For example, this paper includes measures of VS at the onset of creep, the onset of shearing, and over the phase transformation from contractive to dilative behaviour. The relationship between fundamental soil behaviour and VS can now be more easily explored.
Book Synopsis Haar Wavelet Transform for Arrival Time Identification in Bender Element Tests by : Alfonso Fernández Lavín
Download or read book Haar Wavelet Transform for Arrival Time Identification in Bender Element Tests written by Alfonso Fernández Lavín and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of shear wave velocity ( Vs ) using bender elements can be affected by the near-field effect. This phenomenon hinders the identification of the S-wave arrival time of an output signal. Multiple alternatives have been presented to counteract these effects, including the use of wavelet transforms during the last decade. In this article, the Haar wavelet is used because of the simplicity and speed of calculation. The determination of S-wave arrival time in signals influenced by the near-field effect is performed by setting an explicit event with a high value of energy at a specific time, in relation to the scale average energy in different levels of multiresolution analysis. The results show that regardless of the input frequency, the S-wave arrival time values are very similar, and the near-field effect is not observed when wavelet approach is used to determine the S-wave arrival times, unlike when applying other traditional interpretation approaches.
Book Synopsis Idealized Sine Wave Approach to Determine Arrival Times of Shear Wave Signals Using Bender Elements by : Qasim Khan
Download or read book Idealized Sine Wave Approach to Determine Arrival Times of Shear Wave Signals Using Bender Elements written by Qasim Khan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determining the small strain stiffness Gmax of soils in a laboratory is generally achieved using bender elements. Shear wave propagation is affected by the soil medium and boundary conditions causing distortion in output signals, which introduces error in travel time estimates. This study proposes a novel technique for determining first arrival time in a systematic manner. Based on idealized sine waves, this technique modifies peak-to-peak results to find arrival times using the output frequency of the received signal. By incorporating the initial half wavelength of received signals, five methods depending on the length of the signal chosen for calculating the output frequency are proposed in this article. The applicability of the proposed technique is evaluated based on signals reported in published literature and obtained for Singapore marine clay (uncemented and lightly cemented). For most soil types and testing conditions, it was demonstrated that the proposed technique produces close estimates with reported original arrival times. On the contrary, other techniques, such as peak-to-peak, cross-correlation, and cross spectrum, often underestimated the shear wave velocities when the output signals contained relatively low frequency contents. Consequently, the proposed technique significantly reduces subjectivity and produces improved reliability in estimating specific arrival times without the need of any frequency sweeps. Moreover, by incorporating the quality and shape of signals into the analysis, better estimates of first arrival can be established, especially for noisy signals or signals affected by near-field effects.
Book Synopsis A Comparison of Bender Elements and Torsional Shear Wave Transducers by : Scott T. Hanchar
Download or read book A Comparison of Bender Elements and Torsional Shear Wave Transducers written by Scott T. Hanchar and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Geotechnical and Transportation Engineering by : Sireesh Saride
Download or read book Advances in Geotechnical and Transportation Engineering written by Sireesh Saride and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the selected peer-reviewed papers from the national conference Futuristic Approaches in Civil Engineering (FACE) 2019. This volume focuses on latest research and challenges in the field of geotechnical, transportation, environmental and water resources engineering. The first part focuses on alternative and sustainable pavement materials, maintenance and rehabilitation of roads, transportation planning, traffic engineering, hybrid vehicles, safety management, and intelligent transport systems. In the second part of the book, basic and advanced research in geotechnical engineering which can provide sustainable solutions to practical problems in foundations, retaining structures, soil dynamics, site characterization, slope stability, dams, rock engineering, environmental geotechnics, and geosynthetics are covered. The third part of the book includes current research in environment, and water resources engineering. The contents of this book will be useful for students, researchers as well as industry professionals.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, and Testing in Soil Dynamics by : Shoba Krishna Bhatia
Download or read book Recent Advances in Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, and Testing in Soil Dynamics written by Shoba Krishna Bhatia and published by American Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 1991 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the recent rapid expansion in the abilities of electronics for data acquisition and analysis. These changes were especially welcome in three areas of soil dynamics: surface wave investigations, in-situ liquefaction instrumentation and testing, and laboratory wave velocity tests.
Download or read book Soil Dynamics written by T. G. Sitharam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents select papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. The papers discuss advances in the fields of soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering. A strong emphasis is placed on connecting academic research and field practice, with many examples, case studies, best practices, and discussions on performance based design. This volume will be of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Book Synopsis Geotechnical Design and Practice by : K. Ilamparuthi
Download or read book Geotechnical Design and Practice written by K. Ilamparuthi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents articles covering a wide spectrum of topics in geotechnical engineering, including properties of soils, unsaturated soil mechanics, ground improvement, liquefaction and seismic studies, soil-structure interaction and stability analysis of man-made and natural slopes. The contributing authors are renowned researchers in their respective fields, which include soft ground improvement, seismic response of retaining structure using soil-structure Interaction (SSI) principles, and unsaturated soils. Based on keynote addresses and invited talks presented at the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2016, this book will prove a valuable resource for practicing engineers and researchers in the field of geotechnical engineering.
Book Synopsis Vibrations of Soils and Foundations by : Frank Edwin Richart
Download or read book Vibrations of Soils and Foundations written by Frank Edwin Richart and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1970 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For graduate students in soil dynamics with a background in statics and elementary dynamics.
