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Direct Numerical Simulation Of Gas Transfer Through The Air Water Interface In A Turbulent Flow Environment
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Book Synopsis Direct Numerical Simulation of Gas Transfer Through the Air-water Interface in a Turbulent Flow Environment by : Herlina
Download or read book Direct Numerical Simulation of Gas Transfer Through the Air-water Interface in a Turbulent Flow Environment written by Herlina and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Numerical Simulation of Gas Transfer at the Air-water Interface in a Buoyant-convective Flow Environment by : Boris Kubrak
Download or read book Direct Numerical Simulation of Gas Transfer at the Air-water Interface in a Buoyant-convective Flow Environment written by Boris Kubrak and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Interfaces, Second Edition by : Carlo Gualtieri
Download or read book Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Interfaces, Second Edition written by Carlo Gualtieri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-21 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Fluid Mechanics (EFM) studies the motion of air and water at several different scales, the fate and transport of species carried along by these fluids, and the interactions among those flows and geological, biological, and engineered systems. EFM emerged some decades ago as a response to the need for tools to study problems of flow and transport in rivers, estuaries, lakes, groundwater and the atmosphere; it is a topic of increasing importance for decision makers, engineers, and researchers alike. The second edition of the successful textbook "Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Interfaces" is still aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of fluid mechanical processes occurring at the different interfaces existing in the realm of EFM, such as the air-water interface, the air-land interface, the water-sediment interface, the surface water-groundwater interface, the water-vegetation interface, and the water-biological systems interface. Across any of these interfaces mass, momentum, and heat are exchanged through different fluid mechanical processes over various spatial and temporal scales. In this second edition, the unique feature of this book, considering all the topics from the point of view of the concept of environmental interface, was maintained while the chapters were updated and five new chapters have been added to significantly enlarge the coverage of the subject area. The book starts with a chapter introducing the concept of EFM and its scope, scales, processes and systems. Then, the book is structured in three parts with fifteen chapters. Part one, which is composed of four chapters, covers the processes occurring at the interfaces between the atmosphere and the surface of the land and the seas, including the transport of dust and the dispersion of passive substances within the atmosphere. Part two deals in five chapters with the fluid mechanics at the air-water interface at small scales and sediment-water interface, including the advective diffusion of air bubbles, the hyporheic exchange and the tidal bores. Finally, part three discusses in six chapters the processes at the interfaces between fluids and biotic systems, such as transport processes in the soil-vegetation-lower atmosphere system, turbulence and wind above and within the forest canopy, flow and mass transport in vegetated open channels, transport processes to and from benthic plants and animals and coupling between interacting environmental interfaces. Each chapter has an educational part, which is structured in four sections: a synopsis of the chapter, a list of keywords that the reader should have encountered in the chapter, a list of questions and a list of unsolved problems related to the topics covered by the chapter. The book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in environmental sciences, civil engineering and environmental engineering, (geo)physics, atmospheric science, meteorology, limnology, oceanography, and applied mathematics.
Book Synopsis Gas Transfer at the Air-water Interface in a Turbulent Flow Environment by : Herlina
Download or read book Gas Transfer at the Air-water Interface in a Turbulent Flow Environment written by Herlina and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Interfaces by : Carlo Gualtieri
Download or read book Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Interfaces written by Carlo Gualtieri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-02-07 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An environmental interface is defined as a surface between two abiotic or biotic systems, in relative motion and exchanging mass, heat and momentum through biophysical and/or chemical processes. These processes fluctuate temporally and spatially. The book first treats exchange processes occurring at the interfaces between atmosphere and the surface
Book Synopsis Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set by : Harindra Joseph Fernando
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set written by Harindra Joseph Fernando and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, this two-volume handbook presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the field, along with critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering aspects. The first volume provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, and the second volume explores the interactions between engineered structures and natural flows.
Book Synopsis Computational & Experimental Methods in Multiphase & Complex Flow X by : S. Hernández
Download or read book Computational & Experimental Methods in Multiphase & Complex Flow X written by S. Hernández and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composed of papers presented at the 10th conference on Multiphase flow this book presents the latest research on the subject. The research included in this volume focuses on using synergies between experimental and computational techniques to gain a better understanding of all classes of multiphase and complex flow.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Volume One by : Harindra Joseph Fernando
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Volume One written by Harindra Joseph Fernando and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, the two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering. The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology. Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles. It starts with general topics that emphasize the relevance of environmental fluid dynamics research in society, public policy, infrastructure, quality of life, security, and the law. It then discusses established and emerging focus areas. The volume also examines the sub-mesoscale flow processes and phenomena that form the building blocks of environmental motions, with emphasis on turbulent motions and their role in heat, momentum, and species transport. As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This volume is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand the fundamentals of environmental motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities. See also Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set and Volume Two: Systems, Pollution, Modeling, and Measurements.
Book Synopsis Gas Transfer at the Air-water Interface in a Turbulent Flow Environment by :
Download or read book Gas Transfer at the Air-water Interface in a Turbulent Flow Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gas transfer process across the air-water interface in a ottom-shear-induced turbulent environment was investigated to gain improved fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms that control the process. For this purpose, it is necessary to reveal the hydrodynamics of the flow field as well as the molecular diffusion and the turbulent transport contributions to the total flux. Therefore, detailed laboratory experiments were conducted to obtain these information.The experiments were performed in a grid-stirred tank using a combined Particle Image Velocimetry - Laser Induced Fluorescence (PIV-LIF) technique that has been developed for these near surface gas transfer measurements. The turbulence characteristics of the velocity near the interface were acquired from the PIV measurements and showed generally good agreement with the theoretical profiles from Hunt & Graham (1978). The LIF technique enabled visualization of the planar concentration fields which provided more insight into the gas transfer mechanisms. The high data resolution allowed detailed quantification of the concentration distribution within the thin aqueous boundary layer. The mean and turbulent fluctuation characteristics of the concentration could be elucidated and the molecular diffusion contribution to the total flux across the interface could be determined. With the combined PIV-LIF technique, which enables simultaneous and spatially synoptic measurements of 2D velocity and concentration fields, the turbulent mass flux term cw and also the total mass flux across the air-water interface could be quantified directly. For the first time, a particular trend can be inferred from the measured mean cw profiles. It could also be shown that the contribution of the turbulent mass flux to the total gas flux is significant. The co-spectra indicated different behavior for the cases with lower and higher turbulent Reynolds numbers.The interrelated interpretation of the obtained results suggest that the gas transfer process is controlled by a spectrum of different eddy sizes and the gas transfer at different turbulence levels can be associated to certain eddy sizes. For high turbulence levels the gas transfer should be asymptotic to the small eddy model, whereas for low turbulence level to the large eddy model. The new results of turbulent mass flux should aid as an excellent database in refining numerical models and developing more accurate models for the prediction of the transfer velocity.
Book Synopsis Transport at the Air-Sea Interface by : Christoph S. Garbe
Download or read book Transport at the Air-Sea Interface written by Christoph S. Garbe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One key uncertainty in predictions of future climate is caused by the lack of knowledge of transport processes in the air-water interface; this poses the main transfer resistance between oceans and atmosphere. This book reviews recent progress in the domains of experimental process studies as well as computer stimulation. It represents an early approach of merging insights gained in both fields and broadens our understanding of air-water gas and heat exchange.
Book Synopsis Large-Scale Simulation by : Dan Chen
Download or read book Large-Scale Simulation written by Dan Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-Scale Simulation: Models, Algorithms, and Applications gives you firsthand insight on the latest advances in large-scale simulation techniques. Most of the research results are drawn from the authors’ papers in top-tier, peer-reviewed, scientific conference proceedings and journals. The first part of the book presents the fundamentals of large-scale simulation, including high-level architecture and runtime infrastructure. The second part covers middleware and software architecture for large-scale simulations, such as decoupled federate architecture, fault tolerant mechanisms, grid-enabled simulation, and federation communities. In the third part, the authors explore mechanisms—such as simulation cloning methods and algorithms—that support quick evaluation of alternative scenarios. The final part describes how distributed computing technologies and many-core architecture are used to study social phenomena. Reflecting the latest research in the field, this book guides you in using and further researching advanced models and algorithms for large-scale distributed simulation. These simulation tools will help you gain insight into large-scale systems across many disciplines.
Book Synopsis Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces by : W. Brutsaert
Download or read book Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces written by W. Brutsaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transfer across the surface of environmental waters is of interest as an important phase in the geophysical and natural biochemical cycles of numer ous substances; indeed it governs the transition, one way or the other, be tween the dissolved state in the water and the gaseous state in the atmo sphere. Especially with increasing population and industrialization, gas transfer at water surfaces has become a critical factor in the understanding of the various pathways of wastes in the environment and of their engineering management. This interfacial mass transfer is, by its very nature, highly complex. The air and the water are usually in turbulent motion, and the interface be tween them is irregular, and disturbed by waves, sometimes accompanied by breaking, spray and bubble formation. Thus the transfer involves a wide variety of physical phenomena occurring over a wide range of scales. As a consequence, scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines and problem areas, have approached the problem, often with greatly differing analytical and experimental techniques and methodologies.
Book Synopsis Direct Numerical Simulation of Two-phase Flow with Application to Air Layer Drag Reduction by : Dokyun Kim
Download or read book Direct Numerical Simulation of Two-phase Flow with Application to Air Layer Drag Reduction written by Dokyun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accurate and robust numerical method has been developed to simulate turbulent two-phase flows. The phase interface is tracked by the level-set method to capture frequent topological changes due to breaking or merging. Because of the broad-band characteristics of length scales in two-phase flow, a Lagrangian drop breakup model has been developed, which is coupled to the level-set method. In this approach, small subgrid droplets produced from resolved ligaments are then transferred from the level-set representation to the Lagrangian particles. The further secondary atomization is handled by a stochastic breakup model. When pinching-off of ligaments is not resolved on the level-set grid, a capillary breakup model is used to predict the drop size distribution from the pinching off and inserted as Lagrangian drops. This method improves the mass conservation as well as reducing the computational cost. For a high-fidelity simulation of two-phase flow, a new numerical algorithm has been developed to improve the robustness of the numerical method. The conservative formulation of Navier-Stokes equations is solved with a density correction term in the present method. The density flux terms are calculated from the level-set field for accuracy. In addition, a constant coefficient Poisson system is solved for pressure to satisfy the continuity equation in the fractional-step method. In order to show the capability of the method as an efficient tool in the breakup process, the atomization of a round liquid jet surrounded by a coaxial gas is considered. The numerical results are consistent with the observed breakup mechanisms in the experiment and the stability analysis. The drop size distribution of the resulting spray after breakup is also compared with the experimental data. The subgrid drops are also predicted by the Lagrangian drop breakup model, which shows the applicability of our method for numerical simulation of the atomization process. Both theoretical and numerical approaches are employed to investigate the stability mechanisms of the air layer drag reduction (ALDR) phenomenon. A linear viscous stability analysis is performed by solving the Orr-Sommerfeld equations in a two-dimensional two-phase Couette-Poiseuille flow configuration that mimics the far-downstream region from an air injector. Air-layer stability is reduced as the free-stream velocity, Froude number, and velocity gradients at the air-liquid interface are increased, whereas the air-layer stability is enhanced as the gas flow rate and surface tension force are increased. Nonlinear stability characteristics are also studied using numerical simulations with the same Couette flow configuration as indicated in the linear stability analysis. The study shows that the Weber number has a significant effect on the breakup of the phase interface. As the Weber number increases, the liquid ligaments become thinner, requiring higher grid resolution. Therefore, for simulations of high Weber number flows, the use of a Lagrangian spray breakup model is essential to predict the dynamics of subgrid-scale liquid structures. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of two-phase flow is also performed to investigate the air layer drag reduction (ALDR) phenomenon in turbulent water flow over a backward-facing step. The Reynolds and Weber numbers based on the water properties and step height are 22,800 and 560, respectively. The total number of grid points is about 271 million for DNS. Two different air-flow injection rates are examined to investigate the mechanism and stability of the air layer. For high air-flow rate, the stable air layer is formed on the plate and more than 90% drag reduction is obtained, whereas, in the case of low air-flow rate, the air layer breaks up and ALDR is not achieved. The initial Kelvin-Helmholtz instability causes the streamwise wave structure, while turbulence interaction forms the spawise waves and causes ligament breakups. However, overall rupture of the air layer is mainly determined by the stability of the streamwise wave. The stability of the streamwise wave can be predicted from the stability analysis in the far-downstream region.
Book Synopsis Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles by : Peter S. Liss
Download or read book Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Download or read book Applied mechanics reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in a Concentric Annular Pipe by : Edris Bagheri
Download or read book Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in a Concentric Annular Pipe written by Edris Bagheri and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, the effects of computational domain size and radius ratio on fully developed turbulent flow and heat transfer in a concentric annular pipe are investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS). To perform DNS, a new parallel computer code based on the pseudo-spectral method was developed using the FORTRAN 90/95 programing languages and the message passing interface (MPI) libraries. In order to study the effects of computational domain size on the turbulence statistics, twelve test cases of different domain sizes are compared. The effects of radius ratio are investigated through a systematic study based on four radius ratios of a concentric pipe. The characteristics of the velocity and temperature fields are examined at two Reynolds number of Re_(D_h ) =8900$ and 17700. The radius ratio affects the interaction of two boundary layers of the concentric annular pipe and has a significant impact on the turbulent flow structures and dynamics. The characteristics of the flow and temperature fields are investigated in both physical and spectral spaces, which include the analyses of the first- and second-order statistical moments, budget balance of the transport equation of Reynolds stresses, two-point correlation coefficients, and premultiplied spectra of velocity, vorticity, and temperature fluctuations. It is observed that the scales and dynamics of turbulence structures vary with the radius ratio as well as the surface curvature of the concave and convex walls. The characteristic length scales of the turbulence structures are identified through a spectral analysis.
Book Synopsis Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow Over a Backward-facing Step by : Stanford University. Thermosciences Division. Thermosciences Division
Download or read book Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow Over a Backward-facing Step written by Stanford University. Thermosciences Division. Thermosciences Division and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
