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Direct Electrical Arc Ignition Of Hybrid Rocket Motors
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Book Synopsis Direct Electrical Arc Ignition of Hybrid Rocket Motors by : Michael I. Judson (Jr.)
Download or read book Direct Electrical Arc Ignition of Hybrid Rocket Motors written by Michael I. Judson (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid rockets motors provide distinct safety advantages when compared to traditional liquid or solid propellant systems, due to the inherent stability and relative inertness of the propellants prior to established combustion. As a result of this inherent propellant stability, hybrid motors have historically proven di cult to ignite. State of the art hybrid igniter designs continue to require solid or liquid reactants distinct from the main propellants. These ignition methods however, reintroduce to the hybrid propulsion system the safety and complexity disadvantages associated with traditional liquid or solid propellants. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of a novel direct electrostatic arc ignition method for hybrid motors. A series of small prototype stand-alone thrusters demonstrating this technology were successfully designed and tested using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic and Gaseous Oxygen (GOX) as propellants. Measurements of input voltage and current demonstrated that arc-ignition will occur using as little as 10 watts peak power and less than 5 joules total energy. The motor developed for the stand-alone small thruster was adapted as a gas generator to ignite a medium-scale hybrid rocket motor using nitrous oxide /and HTPB as propellants. Multiple consecutive ignitions were performed. A large data set as well as a collection of development 'lessons learned' were compiled to guide future development and research. Since the completion of this original groundwork research, the concept has been developed into a reliable, operational igniter system for a 75mm hybrid motor using both gaseous oxygen and liquid nitrous oxide as oxidizers. A development map of the direct spark ignition concept is presented showing the ow of key lessons learned between this original work and later follow on development.
Book Synopsis Power Efficient Restart-capable Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene-based Arc Ignition for Hybrid Rocket Motors by : Nathan R. Inkley
Download or read book Power Efficient Restart-capable Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene-based Arc Ignition for Hybrid Rocket Motors written by Nathan R. Inkley and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid rocket ignition has historically involved either dangerous energetic materials or inefficient and failure-prone plasma sources. The vast majority of such systems cannot sup- port multiple restart cycles, thus limiting the applicability of hybrid rockets0́3especially for in-space propulsion. During research investigating its use as a fuel for hybrid rockets, it was discovered that Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic possesses unique electrical breakdown characteristics. During a properly designed breakdown event, application of a strong electric field induces a high-temperature arc along the surface of the ABS, concurrent with rapid production of hydrocarbon vapor. This behavior forms the basis of a novel ABS arc ignition system. Several such systems were designed, built and tested. Minimum conditions for successful operation were discovered, including minimum ignition pressure and electrical power requirements. Hands-off restart capability was demonstrated repeatedly. Finally, paths of inquiry for future research are outlined.
Book Synopsis Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics by :
Download or read book Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion by : DP Mishra
Download or read book Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion written by DP Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book follows a unified approach to present the basic principles of rocket propulsion in concise and lucid form. This textbook comprises of ten chapters ranging from brief introduction and elements of rocket propulsion, aerothermodynamics to solid, liquid and hybrid propellant rocket engines with chapter on electrical propulsion. Worked out examples are also provided at the end of chapter for understanding uncertainty analysis. This book is designed and developed as an introductory text on the fundamental aspects of rocket propulsion for both undergraduate and graduate students. It is also aimed towards practicing engineers in the field of space engineering. This comprehensive guide also provides adequate problems for audience to understand intricate aspects of rocket propulsion enabling them to design and develop rocket engines for peaceful purposes.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion by :
Download or read book Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Hybrid Rocket Technology and Related Analysis Methodologies by : Carmine Carmicino
Download or read book Advances in Hybrid Rocket Technology and Related Analysis Methodologies written by Carmine Carmicino and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an amazing collection of technical papers dealing with hybrid rockets. Once perceived as a niche technology, for about a decade, hybrid rockets have enjoyed renewed interest from both the propulsion technical community and industry. Hybrid motors can be used in practically all applications where a rocket is employed, but there are certain cases where they present a superior fit, such as sounding rockets, tactical missile systems, launch boosters and the emerging field of commercial space transportation. The novel space tourism business, indeed, will benefit from their safety and lower recurrent development costs. The subjects addressed in the book include the cutting edge technology employed to push forward this relatively new propulsion concept, spanning systems to improve fuel regression rate, control of the mixture ratio to optimize performance, computational fluid dynamics applied to the simulation of the internal ballistics, and some other novel system applications.
Book Synopsis Solid Rocket Motor Igniters. NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria, Chemical Propulsion by :
Download or read book Solid Rocket Motor Igniters. NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria, Chemical Propulsion written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Modelling of Staged Combustion Aft-Injected Hybrid Rocket Motors by : Jeff Nijsse
Download or read book Numerical Modelling of Staged Combustion Aft-Injected Hybrid Rocket Motors written by Jeff Nijsse and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Applications to Space Exploration Missions by : Elizabeth T. Jens
Download or read book Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Applications to Space Exploration Missions written by Elizabeth T. Jens and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major focus of the NASA Technology Roadmaps (2015) is the development of new propulsion systems for in-space and launch applications. Hybrid propulsion systems, which have fuel and oxidizer stored in different phases, present a favorable alternative to conventional propulsion systems for many exploration missions. Hybrid propulsion systems enjoy a high specific impulse, are throttle-able, able to be stopped and restarted, and benefit from flexibility in their packaging configuration. However, the adoption of hybrid rocket systems has historically been inhibited by performance issues stemming from the use of slow-burning fuels. Many of these performance issues can be resolved through the use of paraffin-based fuels. The overarching goal of this thesis work is to improve the understanding of paraffin-based hybrid rockets in order to facilitate their adoption as a viable in-space propulsion system over existing liquid and solid chemical propulsion systems. This goal has been divided into two focus areas. 1. Investigate the feasibility of using hybrid rocket motors for exploration missions in order to determine the class of mission(s) for which they are best suited. A general approach for first pass hybrid propulsion system design is presented. This approach is applied to two missions, a very small-scale Mars aerocapture demonstration mission and a Flagship class Europa flyby mission. A propulsion system using a hybrid rocket motor is found to be viable for both classes of mission with potential benefits over the baseline propulsion systems in terms of total mass, power, and cost. 2. Improve the understanding of the combustion processes inside classical and fast-burning hybrid rocket motors. This task is conducted in order to facilitate improved performance models of these systems and to better inform designers as they evaluate these systems for specific missions. The approach to this work utilizes a combustion visualization experiment and various optics to explore the mass transfer phenomena, boundary layer growth rates and the flame location above combusting fuels at conditions representative of those in a typical hybrid rocket motor. This thesis provides strong confirmation of the basic droplet formation and entrainment mechanism for fast burning fuels at operating conditions representative of those within a typical hybrid rocket motor. Imaging diagnostics are successfully used to quantify the location of the flame within the boundary layer for classical and high regression rate fuels at a range of operating conditions.
Book Synopsis Ignition in Solid Energetic Materials Due to Electrical Discharge by : Richard Jay Lee
Download or read book Ignition in Solid Energetic Materials Due to Electrical Discharge written by Richard Jay Lee and published by . This book was released on 1996-10-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatal mishaps have been blamed on accidental ignition of solid rocket propellant by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Despite study of this problem since the first incident in 1985 involving a Pershing II motor stage, our understanding of ESD ignition remains limited. To determine the physics of electrically-induced ignition, the temperature, density, and size of electrical arc channels have been quantified during electrical discharge experiments on a composite solid propellant To simulate the discharge in ESD scenarios involving insulated motors, short duration electrical discharges (50 to 400 ns) were employed. The lowest ignition energy for these experiments was 160 plus or minus 1.4 mJ. Measurements from pressure transducers and infrared detectors were consistent with a relatively slow thermally-induced reaction rather than prompt ignition from a shock wave. A high-speed framing camera observed expansion of the arc channel as electrical energy was deposited. An analytical model was adapted to predict arc channel expansion for various discharge profiles. An ignition model based on energy transport, via radiation and thermal conduction, from the plasma to the surrounding energetic constituents is proposed. A one- dimensional thermal-chemical kinetics code, XCHEM, was used to demonstrate the importance of radiation in the ignition model.
Book Synopsis A Sustained-arc Ignition System for Internal Combustion Engines by : Arthur G. Birchenough
Download or read book A Sustained-arc Ignition System for Internal Combustion Engines written by Arthur G. Birchenough and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thesaurus of DDC Descriptors by : Defense Documentation Center (U.S.)
Download or read book Thesaurus of DDC Descriptors written by Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Captive-fired Testing of Solid Rocket Motors by : James W. Kordig
Download or read book Captive-fired Testing of Solid Rocket Motors written by James W. Kordig and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Space Propulsion Analysis and Design by : Ronald Humble
Download or read book Space Propulsion Analysis and Design written by Ronald Humble and published by Learning Solutions. This book was released on 1995-09-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only comprehensive text available on space propulsion for students and professionals in astronautics.
Book Synopsis A Critical Analysis of Arc Image Ignition of Solid Propellants by : M. Summerfield
Download or read book A Critical Analysis of Arc Image Ignition of Solid Propellants written by M. Summerfield and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arc image furnace is used widely for evaluating solid propellant ignition characteristics, but the applicability of such data to rocket motors is questionable. In arc image testing, radiation replaces the normal conductive and convective heating modes that exist in rocket motor ignition; radiation interacts with the propellant in a basically different way. Thus, for example, because radiation is absorbed in depth, the ignition delay is sensitive to propellant opacity. In addition, radiation can cause subsurface disruption of the propellant. A physical model is proposed in which incident radiation penetrates the propellant and is absorbed, causing thermal and photochemical decomposition and a temperature increase. Oxidative reactions start either in the gaseous boundary layer or on the surface and, by thermochemical action, lead to a flame. The system of differential equations for this complete model is complicated and has not been solved. However, an equivalent model of simpler character is solved, and an equation is produced for the ignition time delay as a function of radiation intensity, pressure, and physico-chemical properties. The qualitative behavior of experimental radiative ignition data reported by Beyer and Fishman and by Bastress is explained by this theory. (Author).
Book Synopsis The Science and Design of the Hybrid Rocket Engine by : Richard M Newlands
Download or read book The Science and Design of the Hybrid Rocket Engine written by Richard M Newlands and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a textbook about rocket engineering, concentrating on the nitrous oxide hybrid rocket engine, both small and large. It's also a book about the science of chemical rockets in detail: three of the chapters are full of in-depth rocket science describing how all chemical rockets work. After a first chapter brushing up on the science and maths you'll need, the book describes the choice and safe use of hybrid rocket propellants, and how they're handled in practice. Then there are the rocket science chapters. Then you learn how to design, construct, and operate, a large hybrid rocket engine capable of getting you into Space. The book also includes a practical guide to the testing of hybrid rocket engines large and small, and how to fly them safely. Included are full instructions for programming a rocket trajectory simulator in Microsoft Excel, and several appendices containing rocketry information and equations, and instructions on how to design a bell nozzle.
Book Synopsis Solid Rocket Motor Igniters by : Donald H. Barrett
Download or read book Solid Rocket Motor Igniters written by Donald H. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
