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Direct Detection Of Dark Matter With The Pico Experiment And The Pico 01 Calibration Chamber
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Book Synopsis Direct Detection of Dark Matter with the PICO Experiment and the PICO-0.1 Calibration Chamber by : Frédéric Tardif
Download or read book Direct Detection of Dark Matter with the PICO Experiment and the PICO-0.1 Calibration Chamber written by Frédéric Tardif and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark matter detection remains one of the main unresolved problems in physics. Accounting for almost 85% of all the matter density in the Universe, it was inferred through many astronomical observations, but no dark matter particle has been detected yet. The PICO experiment has this objective as its purpose, using the bubble chamber in order to do so. PICO can detect extremely low-energy interactions in its superheated liquid detectors, located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory in Sudbury, Ontario. PICO has and has had multiple dark matter search detectors, as well as small detectors used to perform calibrations and tests. PICO-0.1 is a calibration chamber located at the University of Montreal and was used for the studies presented in this thesis. In this thesis, data and analysis of measurements made with PICO-0.1 are presented. A study of the Seitz threshold - theoretical energy threshold for an event to occur in a bubble chamber - is made, with the monoenergetic reaction 35Cl(nth,p)35S in C2ClF5; the study of the monoenergetic 35S recoil, directly inside the detector, is presented. Furthermore, the detection of proton recoils in PICO-0.1 is detailed; first through the analysis of the acoustic signal of the proton produced by 35Cl(nth,p)35S, and second through elastic scattering of neutrons and high energy gamma rays on hydrogen in C2H2F4.
Book Synopsis Calibration of the PICO-0.1 Bubble Chamber and Development of Coated Inner Vessels for Dark Matter Search by : Frédéric Girard
Download or read book Calibration of the PICO-0.1 Bubble Chamber and Development of Coated Inner Vessels for Dark Matter Search written by Frédéric Girard and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detection of dark matter is one of the biggest challenges in modern physics. The PICO experiment aims for the direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with bubble chambers. In this thesis, results from calibrations of the PICO-0.1 test chamber is presented. Calibrations were performed at the Tandem Van de Graaff facility of the Université de Montréal. Monoenergetic neutrons were produced from the 51V(p,n)51Cr reaction with a 1.6 MeV proton beam. Two 3He neutron counters used during calibrations for neutron flux normalization were also calibrated. This result is contributing in improving Monte Carlo simulations of PICO-0.1. Finally, preliminary work was done toward the use of new inner vessel materials with coated surfaces for bubble chambers. A Condensation Bubble Chambers (CBCs) was used as a test-bench. Progress has been made toward the usability of Poly-methyl-methacrylate vessels, but more work is needed to solve spontaneous wall nucleation problems.
Book Synopsis Operation and Calibration of Right-Side-Up Bubble Chambers at ~keV Thresholds by : Matthew John Bressler
Download or read book Operation and Calibration of Right-Side-Up Bubble Chambers at ~keV Thresholds written by Matthew John Bressler and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As dark matter continues to evade direct detection, we continue to develop new technologies and revive old ones to search for its rare interactions with ordinary matter. Bubble chambers are one such technology, now used for dark matter searches for over a decade by COUPP and its descendant PICO. The Drexel Bubble Chamber (DBC) was PICO's first freon-filled bubble chamber without a buffer layer of water. Following its successful operation as a proof-of-concept prototype, gamma calibration data was collected in the DBC in two separate experiments to directly test new models for electron recoil bubble nucleation developed by PICO based on data from defunct bubble chambers. These calibrations show that we now understand bubble nucleation by electron recoils in pure and contaminated C3F8 enough to make accurate predictions of the gamma backgrounds in future dark matter searches and to explain the past seemingly-anomalous calibrations. With slightly different dark matter search goals, the Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration has begun building bubble chambers containing liquid noble target fluids, which allow for the collection of scintillation light accompanying bubble nucleation for energy reconstruction. A xenon-filled prototype bubble chamber shows the ability to operate at nuclear recoil detection thresholds near 1 keV, while maintaining insensitivity to bubble nucleation by gammas. We are now building two 10 kg argon bubble chambers with the goal of operating at sub-keV nuclear recoil thresholds to attain sensitivity to ~1 GeV/c^2 dark matter. The hydraulic and electronic systems for the calibration chamber are operational and we are preparing to test the cooling system before beginning full bubble chamber operation. After a brief introduction and motivation on the topic of dark matter, I will give a technical description of the DBC and its operational success, then show results of the gamma calibrations in pure C3F8 and C3F8 doped with O(10 ppm) xenon. The second half of this thesis focuses on scintillating bubble chambers, beginning with new results from the xenon bubble chamber, then moving to a literature review on the topic of argon bubble chambers, and finally the progress on SBC's argon bubble chambers and sensitivity projections for SBC dark matter searches.
Book Synopsis Searching for Dark Matter with Superheated Liquid Detectors by : Arthur Plante
Download or read book Searching for Dark Matter with Superheated Liquid Detectors written by Arthur Plante and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 C$_3$F$_8$ Bubble Chamber by :
Download or read book Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 C$_3$F$_8$ Bubble Chamber written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New results are reported from the operation of the PICO-60 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 52 kg of C$_3$F$_8$ located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. As in previous PICO bubble chambers, PICO-60 C$_3$F$_8$ exhibits excellent electron recoil and alpha decay rejection, and the observed multiple-scattering neutron rate indicates a single-scatter neutron background of less than 1 event per month. A blind analysis of an efficiency-corrected 1167-kg-day exposure at a 3.3-keV thermodynamic threshold reveals no single-scattering nuclear recoil candidates, consistent with the predicted background. These results set the most stringent direct-detection constraint to date on the WIMP-proton spin-dependent cross section at 3.4 $\times$ 10$^{-41}$ cm$^2$ for a 30-GeV$\thinspace$c$^{-2}$ WIMP, more than one order of magnitude improvement from previous PICO results.
Book Synopsis The Theory of Direct Dark Matter Detection by : Eugenio Del Nobile
Download or read book The Theory of Direct Dark Matter Detection written by Eugenio Del Nobile and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a pedagogical guide on how to make computations in direct dark matter (DM) detection. The theory behind the calculation of direct detection cross sections and rates is presented, touching aspects related to elementary particle physics, hadronic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The book is structured in self-contained sections, covering several topics ranging from the scattering kinematics to the phenomenology of direct DM searches. It follows a model-independent approach, aiming at providing the readers with all that is needed to understand the theory and start their own analysis. Meant for graduate students and researchers with interests in particle physics and phenomenology, it is enriched with several worked examples from standard and non-standard particle DM models. Senior researchers working in different areas related to dark matter, like particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, find in this book a useful and updated guide for reference.
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 CF$_3$I Bubble Chamber by :
Download or read book Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 CF$_3$I Bubble Chamber written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We reported new data from the operation of the PICO-60 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 36.8 kg of CF3I and located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. PICO-60 is the largest bubble chamber to search for dark matter to date. With an analyzed exposure of 92.8 live-days, PICO-60 exhibits the same excellent background rejection observed in smaller bubble chambers. Alpha decays in PICO-60 exhibit frequency-dependent acoustic calorimetry, similar but not identical to that reported recently in a C3F8 bubble chamber. PICO-60 also observes a large population of unknown background events, exhibiting acoustic, spatial, and timing behaviors inconsistent with those expected from a dark matter signal. We found these behaviors allow for analysis cuts to remove all background events while retaining 48.2%of the exposure. Stringent limits on WIMPs interacting via spin-dependent proton and spin-independent processes are set, and the interpretation of the DAMA/LIBRA modulation signal as dark matter interacting with iodine nuclei is ruled out.
Book Synopsis Calibrations for the Improved Search for Dark Matter with the LZ (LUX-ZEPLIN) Experiment by : Madan K. Sharma Timalsina
Download or read book Calibrations for the Improved Search for Dark Matter with the LZ (LUX-ZEPLIN) Experiment written by Madan K. Sharma Timalsina and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hypothetical non-luminous existence of matter is known as dark matter, inferred by the convincing collection of astrophysical and cosmological indirect evidence. In spite of compelling indirect observations, the physical nature of dark matter remains one of the most profound questions in the field of modern physics. A Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) is historically the most favored candidate particle for dark matter, which could nicely explain the observed indirect measurements with the direct detection of WIMPs for the first time. The new second-generation direct detection dark matter experiment LZ (LUXZEPLIN), designed for direct detection of WIMP dark matter, has performed the most sensitive search for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions. LZ is located 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LZ is employing a two-phase xenon detector with an active mass of 7 tonnes. With LZ we have recently managed in the summer of 2022 to provide the most rigorous exclusion limit for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering with an upper limit on the cross-section of 6.5×10−48 cm2 (90 % confidence level) for a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2 . The first WIMP search result of LZ utilizes a fiducial mass of 5.5 tonnes of liquid xenon and an exposure time of 60 live days. WIMPs could interact in the cryogenic liquid xenon of the detector’s core by scattering off xenon nuclei, which would then recoil and produce both scintillation light and electric charge. The ratio of the immediately detected scintillation light (S1) and the delayed charge detection (S2) is characteristic for such a nuclear recoil (NR) from hypothesized dark matter, e.g. a WIMP, and differs significantly from an electron recoil (ER) produced by undesired background reactions. However, the precise knowledge of the energy-dependent ratio S1/S2, for which the ER-dominated regime transitions into the NR-dominated regime, is key hereby to separate WIMP dark matter signals from unwanted background signals. We performed calibrations with neutron sources to map out the NR signal region for the WIMP search. Instead, gamma- and beta-ray calibration sources were utilized to map out the ER region, characteristic for background signals to be discriminated against. In this thesis, the calibration data to map out the NR signal region has been extensively studied and compared to the results of a full LZ detector simulation. In addition, another crucial detector calibration, for which all LZ data has to be corrected, is the purity monitoring of the liquid xenon. The chemical purity determines the lifetime of signal electrons against the absorption on impurities during their drift within the liquid xenon time projection chamber of the LZ detector. This electron lifetime analysis has been performed on a daily basis within the framework of this thesis and results have been applied by every data evaluator within the large LZ collaboration and for obtaining the current world’s best exclusion limit on WIMP dark matter.
Book Synopsis Point by Point Gain Calibration of the Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber by : Albert Hyunjick Lee
Download or read book Point by Point Gain Calibration of the Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber written by Albert Hyunjick Lee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1975 a growing body of astronomical evidence has given increasing credibility to the existence of dark matter. Once a simple proposition by Fritz Zwicky to explain discrepancies in the virial motion of galaxy clusters, dark matter can now explain galactic rotation curves, the hierarchical structure of the universe, and the gravitational lensing of the bullet cluster. Nonetheless, the exact particulate nature of dark matter remains a mystery. The Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) is a directional detection experiment that will be able to measure the energy, length, and direction of nuclear recoil tracks induced by incoming weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). In this thesis I analyze nonuniformities in the CCD images used to record the nuclear recoils. I then identify the source of the nonuniformities and describe a method for calibrating the CCD images. The method improves the energy resolution by decreasing the uncertainty by a factor of 4 for the bottom time projection chamber (TPC) and a factor of 3 for the top TPC.
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Limits From a 2L C3F8 Filled Bubble Chamber by :
Download or read book Dark Matter Limits From a 2L C3F8 Filled Bubble Chamber written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The PICO-2L C3F8 bubble chamber search forWeakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter was operated in the SNOLAB underground laboratory at the same location as the previous CF3I lled COUPP-4kg detector. Neutron calibrations using photoneutron sources in C3F8 and CF3I lled calibration bubble chambers were performed to verify the sensitivity of these target uids to dark matter scattering. This data was combined with similar measurements using a low-energy neutron beam at the University of Montreal and in situ calibrations of the PICO-2L and COUPP-4kg detectors. C3F8 provides much greater sensitivity to WIMP-proton scattering than CF3I in bubble chamber detectors. PICO-2L searched for dark matter recoils with energy thresholds below 10 keV. Radiopurity assays of detector materials were performed and the expected neutron recoil background was evaluated to be 1.6+0:3.
Book Synopsis Improved Dark Matter Search Results from PICO-2L Run 2 by :
Download or read book Improved Dark Matter Search Results from PICO-2L Run 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New data are reported from a second run of the 2-liter PICO-2L C3F8 bubble chamber with a total exposure of 129 kg-days at a thermodynamic threshold energy of 3.3 keV. These data show that measures taken to control particulate contamination in the superheated fluid resulted in the absence of the anomalous background events observed in the first run of this bubble chamber. One single nuclear-recoil event was observed in the data, consistent both with the predicted background rate from neutrons and with the observed rate of unambiguous multiple-bubble neutron scattering events. The chamber exhibits the same excellent electron-recoil and alpha decay rejection as was previously reported. These data provide the most stringent direct detection constraints on weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-proton spin-dependent scattering to date for WIMP masses
Book Synopsis Direct Detection of Dark Matter with Noble Liquid Detectors by : Jason Spaans
Download or read book Direct Detection of Dark Matter with Noble Liquid Detectors written by Jason Spaans and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A General Approach to the Direct Detection of Dark Matter by : Chase J. Gaudet
Download or read book A General Approach to the Direct Detection of Dark Matter written by Chase J. Gaudet and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Limits Froma 15 Kg Windowless Bubble Chamber by :
Download or read book Dark Matter Limits Froma 15 Kg Windowless Bubble Chamber written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COUPP collaboration has successfully used bubble chambers, a technology previously applied only to high-energy physics experiments, as direct dark matter detectors. It has produced the world's most stringent spin-dependent WIMP limits, and increasingly competitive spin-independent limits. These limits were achieved by capitalizing on an intrinsic rejection of the gamma background that all other direct detection experiments must address through high-density shielding and empirically-determined data cuts. The history of COUPP, including its earliest prototypes and latest results, is briefly discussed in this thesis. The feasibility of a new, windowless bubble chamber concept simpler and more inexpensive in design is discussed here as well. The dark matter limits achieved with a 15 kg windowless chamber, larger than any previous COUPP chamber (2 kg, 4 kg), are presented. Evidence of the greater radiopurity of synthetic quartz compared to natural is presented using the data from this 15 kg device, the first chamber to be made from synthetic quartz. The effective reconstruction of the three-dimensional positions of bubbles in a highly distorted optical field, with ninety-degree bottom lighting similar to cloud chamber lighting, is demonstrated. Another innovation described in this thesis is the use of the sound produced by bubbles recorded by an array of piezoelectric sensors as the primary means of bubble detection. In other COUPP chambers, cameras have been used as the primary trigger. Previous work on bubble acoustic signature differentiation using piezos is built upon in order to further demonstrate the ability to discriminate between alpha- and neutron-induced events.
Book Synopsis The LUX Dark Matter Experiment by : Patrick Phelps
Download or read book The LUX Dark Matter Experiment written by Patrick Phelps and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark matter, the mysterious substance that seems to make up most of the mass of the universe, has never been detected in the laboratory. In this document I outline the current world's leading experiment, LUX, to look for a class of dark matter, the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle. I outline the general principles of searching for dark matter through low background detectors and event rejection, I move on to a description of the LUX experiment and its performance, reviewing its internal structure and subsystems including a novel heat exchange system that expedited system readiness and resulted in a stable platform for WIMP searching. The LUX energy reconstruction is then examined, followed by a breakdown of signal fluctuations as a function of energy as part of our understanding of back- ground discrimination in this class of detectors. Finally, I review the first LUX WIMP search result, culminating in the world's most sensitive limit on the spin- independent WIMP-nucleon cross section, before moving to a discussion of next steps in the search for dark matter for LUX and next generational experiments.
Book Synopsis Recent Results in Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments by : Christopher Michael Kelso
Download or read book Recent Results in Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments written by Christopher Michael Kelso and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three dark matter direct detection experiments (DAMA/LIBRA, CoGeNT, and CRESST-II) have each reported signals which resemble that predicted for a dark matter particle with a mass of roughly 10 GeV. We review the theoretical background for direct detection experiments as well as these particular detectors and their reported signals over the last few years. We also compare the signals of these experiments and discuss whether they can be explained by a single species of dark matter particle, without conflicting with the constraints of other experiments. We show that the spectrum of events reported by CoGeNT and CRESST-II are consistent with each other and with the constraints from CDMS-II, although some tension with xenon- based experiments remains. Similarly, the modulation signals reported by DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT appear to be compatible, although the corresponding amplitude of the observed modulations are a factor of at least a few higher than would be naively expected, based on the event spectra reported by CoGeNT and CRESST-II. We also discuss some ways that this apparent discrepancy could potentially be resolved.
Book Synopsis Direct Detection for Dark Matter in G2HDM and Z' Search with Dark Matter at the LHC by : 劉于翔
Download or read book Direct Detection for Dark Matter in G2HDM and Z' Search with Dark Matter at the LHC written by 劉于翔 and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
