Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, vol. 52/2022

Download Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, vol. 52/2022 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Infinite Study
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, vol. 52/2022 by : Florentin Smarandache

Download or read book Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, vol. 52/2022 written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every notion or idea together with its opposite or negation and with their spectrum of neutralities in between them (i.e. notions or ideas supporting neither nor ). The and ideas together are referred to as . Neutrosophy is a generalization of Hegel's dialectics (the last one is based on and only). According to this theory every idea tends to be neutralized and balanced by and ideas - as a state of equilibrium. In a classical way , , are disjoint two by two. But, since in many cases the borders between notions are vague, imprecise, Sorites, it is possible that , , (and of course) have common parts two by two, or even all three of them as well. Neutrosophic Set and Neutrosophic Logic are generalizations of the fuzzy set and respectively fuzzy logic (especially of intuitionistic fuzzy set and respectively intuitionistic fuzzy logic).

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 44, 2021. Special issue: Impact of neutrosophy in solving the Latin American's social problems

Download Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 44, 2021. Special issue: Impact of neutrosophy in solving the Latin American's social problems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Infinite Study
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 44, 2021. Special issue: Impact of neutrosophy in solving the Latin American's social problems by : Florentin Smarandache

Download or read book Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 44, 2021. Special issue: Impact of neutrosophy in solving the Latin American's social problems written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special issue reflects the impact of neutrosophic theory in Latin America, especially after creating the Latin American Association of Neutrosophic Sciences. Among the areas of publication most addressed in the region are found in the interrelation of social sciences and neutrosophy, presenting outstanding results in these research areas. The main objective of this special issue is to divulge the impact publication related to the Neutrosophic theory and explore new areas of research and application in the region. The SI reflects the influence of the neutrosophic publications in Latin America by opening new research areas mainly related to Neutrosophic Statistics, Plithogeny, and NeutroAlgebra. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning the incorporation of authors from new countries in the region, such as Paraguay, Uruguay, and Panama, to have authors in total from 15 countries, 12 of them from the Latin American region.

Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning, 13th International Conference

Download Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning, 13th International Conference PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031412265
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning, 13th International Conference by : Marcelo Milrad

Download or read book Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning, 13th International Conference written by Marcelo Milrad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-07 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education is the cornerstone of any society; it serves as one of the foundations for many of its social values and characteristics. mis4TEL’23 promotes the interaction among the scientific community to discuss applications of Technology Enhanced Learning solutions targeting not only cognitive and social processes but also motivational, personality, or emotional factors. In addition, current trends concerning the use of artificial intelligence can help and augment learning opportunities for learners and educators. The 13th International Conference on Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning (mis4TEL’23) technical program includes 26 contributions (13 full papers and 13 short papers). mis4TEL’23 is hosted by the LASI and Centro Algoritmi of the University of Minho (Portugal). The authors would like to thank all the contributing authors, the members of the Program Committee, National Associations (AEPIA and APPIA), and the sponsors (AIR Institute and Camara Municipal de Guimarães).

Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Statistical Analysis in Educational Development

Download Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Statistical Analysis in Educational Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Infinite Study
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Statistical Analysis in Educational Development by : Fernando Castro Sánchez

Download or read book Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Statistical Analysis in Educational Development written by Fernando Castro Sánchez and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2021-05-01 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education in the history of humanity briefly establishes the general characteristics of education over time. Throughout life, the student goes through more than 18 years in the classrooms, because education has rigorously changed throughout history, as a result of the evolution of some universities during the processes carried out until changing categories and an improvement in the evaluated indicators. On the other hand, governments and leading entities of education speak of the application of standards of educational quality, the efficiency of the educational system, and sustainability of financing and quality of spending to ensure that students develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes in specific situations, in different contexts for solving problems and interacting with the main dimensions, with their factors or sub-dimensions, limitations or critical nodes and challenges of education. This study analyzes the effects that affect educational development through the neutrosophic statistical study with the application of plithogenic sets.

Logics of Socialist Education

Download Logics of Socialist Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400747284
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Logics of Socialist Education by : Tom G. Griffiths

Download or read book Logics of Socialist Education written by Tom G. Griffiths and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For some, socialism is a potent way of achieving economic, political and social transformations in the twenty-first century, while others find the very term socialism outdated. This book engages readers in a discussion about the viability of socialist views on education and identifies the capacity of some socialist ideas to address a range of widely recognized social ills. It argues that these pervasive social problems, which plague so-called ‘developed’ societies as much as they contribute to the poverty, humiliation and lack of prospects in the rest of the world, fundamentally challenge us to act. In our contemporary world-system, distancing ourselves from the injustices of others is neither viable nor defensible. Rather than waiting for radically new solutions to emerge, this book sees the possibility of transformation in the reconfiguration of existing social logics that comprise our modern societies, including logics of socialism. The book presents case studies that offer a critical examination of education in contemporary socialist contexts, as well as reconsidering examples of education under historical socialism. In charting these alternatives, and retooling past solutions in a nuanced way, it sets out compelling evidence that it is possible to think and act in ways that depart from today’s dominant educational paradigm. It offers contemporary policy makers, researchers, and practitioners a cogent demonstration of the contemporary utility of educational ideas and solutions associated with socialism. A pioneering collection of essays which is central to understanding the historical and contemporary meanings of socialism in the context of neoliberal globalization. It is a most timely contribution to a growing intellectual project that challenges the hegemony of capitalism, while re-thinking and theorizing alternatives. Iveta Silova, Associate Professor of Comparative Education, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA In this significant contribution to recent scholarship the authors use the lens of socialist education to offer an original critique of hegemonic capitalism, and present an intellectually rigorous search for alternatives by reconsidering historical socialism and advancing promising educational experiments that challenge the 'global architecture of education'. Anders Breidlid, Professor of International Education and Development, Oslo University College, Norway

The Changing Academic Profession

Download The Changing Academic Profession PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400761554
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Changing Academic Profession by : Ulrich Teichler

Download or read book The Changing Academic Profession written by Ulrich Teichler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on the major findings of a questionnaire survey of academic profession in international perspective. More than 25,000 professors and junior staff at universities and other institutions of higher education at almost 20 countries from all over the world provide information on their working situation, their views and activities. The study “The Changing Academic Profession” is the second major study of its kind, and changes of views and activities are presented through a comparison of the findings with those of the earlier study undertaken in the early 1990s. Major themes are the academics’ perception of their societal and institutional environments, the views on the major tasks of teaching, research and services, their professional preferences and actual activities, their career, their perceived influence and their overall job satisfaction. Emphasis is placed on the influence of recent changes in higher education: the internationalisation and globalisation, the increasing expectation to provide evidence of the relevance of academic work, and finally the growing power of management at higher education institutions. Overall, the academics surveyed show that worldwide discourses and trends in higher education put their mark on the academic profession, but differences by country continue to be noteworthy. Academics consider themselves to be more strongly exposed to mechanism of regulations, incentives and sanctions as well as various assessments than in the past; yet their own freedom, and responsibilities and influence shape their identity more strongly and are reflected in widespread professional satisfaction.

Fundamentals and Frontiers of Medical Education and Decision-Making

Download Fundamentals and Frontiers of Medical Education and Decision-Making PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040048544
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Frontiers of Medical Education and Decision-Making by : Jordan Richard Scheonherr

Download or read book Fundamentals and Frontiers of Medical Education and Decision-Making written by Jordan Richard Scheonherr and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-22 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals and Frontiers of Medical Education and Decision-Making brings together international experts to consider the theoretical, practical, and sociocultural foundations of health professions education. In this volume, the authors review the foundational theories that have informed the early transition to competency-based education. Moving beyond these monolithic models, the authors draw from learning and psychological sciences to provide a means to operationalize competencies. The chapters cover fundamental topics including the transition from novices to experts, the development of psychomotor skills in surgery, the role of emotion and metacognition in decision-making, and how practitioners and laypeople represent and communicate health information. Each section provides chapters that integrate and advance our understanding of health professions education and decision- making. Grounded in psychological science, this book highlights the fundamental issues faced by healthcare professionals, and the frontiers of learning and decision-making. It is important reading for a wide audience of healthcare professionals, healthcare administrators, as well as researchers in judgment and decision-making.

The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education

Download The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137317809
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education by : P. Stevens

Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education written by P. Stevens and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-22 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference work provides the first systematic review to date of how sociologists have studied the relationship between race/ethnicity and educational inequality over the last thirty years in eighteen different national contexts.

Biographies and Careers throughout Academic Life

Download Biographies and Careers throughout Academic Life PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319274937
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biographies and Careers throughout Academic Life by : Jesús F Galaz-Fontes

Download or read book Biographies and Careers throughout Academic Life written by Jesús F Galaz-Fontes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book draws on the 2007 Changing Academic Profession international survey in order to document the personal characteristics, career trajectories, sense of identity/commitment and job satisfaction of academics in 14 countries with different levels of economic and social development and different higher education systems. With nearly 26,000 academics surveyed in 19 countries (of which 14 are reporting their results in this volume), the empirical basis of the book is the most up-to-date and far-reaching in the area. With major changes taking place both in the local and global contexts of higher education and in the working conditions within individual universities, as exemplified by increasing managerialism and performance-based funding, it is important to consider the impact of these changes on the profiles and working lives of the academic profession across different countries. But it is also important to look at the ways in which the faculty’s changing profile impacts on the organisation and management of universities and on the delivery of their central functions. Although not always obvious in the short-term, academic work and its conditions attract, incorporate and promote different types of individuals who, in turn, exert considerable influence on the nature of academic work, higher education institutions and, potentially, society. As faculty members are central to the teaching, research and service enterprise activities of higher education, it is important to understand their personal characteristics, career trajectories, sense of identity and commitment, and job satisfaction. These are central for understanding the academic profession in general and, in particular, the factors affecting their involvement and productivity in the work of their institutions. These are a complex result of a mixture of contextual factors (e.g. the status and regulatory framework of the higher education system, the features and atmosphere of the particular institution) and personal factors (e.g. gender, educational attainment, family background, attitudes to work and broader social values).This book examines the different situations facing the academic profession in individual countries and provides comparative studies of country differences.

Mafalda

Download Mafalda PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478005130
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mafalda by : Isabella Cosse

Download or read book Mafalda written by Isabella Cosse and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-23 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its creation in 1964, readers from all over the world have loved the comic Mafalda, primarily because of the sharp wit and rebellious nature of its title character—a four-year-old girl who is wise beyond her years. Through Mafalda, Argentine cartoonist Joaquín Salvador Lavado explores complex questions about class identity, modernization, and state violence. In Mafalda: A Social and Political History of Latin America's Global Comic—first published in Argentina in 2014 and appearing here in English for the first time—Isabella Cosse analyzes the comic's vast appeal across multiple generations. From Mafalda breaking the fourth wall to speak directly to readers to express her opposition to the 1966 Argentine coup, to Spanish students' protest signs bearing her face, to the comic's cult status in Korea, Cosse provides insights into the cartoon's production, circulation, and incorporation into social and political conversations. Analyzing how Mafalda reflects generational conflicts, gender, modernization, the Cold War, authoritarianism, neoliberalism, and much more, Cosse demonstrates the unexpected power of humor to shape revolution and resistance.

Education in Revolutionary Struggles

Download Education in Revolutionary Struggles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000173569
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Education in Revolutionary Struggles by : Andrés Donoso Romo

Download or read book Education in Revolutionary Struggles written by Andrés Donoso Romo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-13 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education in Revolutionary Struggles introduces us to the fascinating world of Latin American educational thought in the third quarter of the 20th century. It discusses the contributions of three of the most distinguished intellectuals of the period – Iván Illich, Paulo Freire and Ernesto Guevara – and more specifically their answers to the eternal challenge: What is – or should be – the role of education in the profound structural and/or revolutionary transformation of our societies? The first part of the book identifies the cultural, economic and political context of the revolutionary years in Latin America. This historical framework is of particular interest because it is the setting for the intellectual and educational debates in which these three thinkers took part. The second part, the heart of the book, expounds in depth how Iván Illich, Paulo Freire and Ernesto Guevara contributed to understanding of how education is linked to the transformation of society. The third and final part highlights the most fertile dimensions of the educational thought of Iván Illich, Paulo Freire and Ernesto Guevara – deschooling, liberation education and revolutionary education respectively – and analyses the points where their conceptions of "education in revolutionary struggles" converged, complemented one another or diverged.

Global 1968

Download Global 1968 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN 13 : 0268200556
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (682 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global 1968 by : A. James McAdams

Download or read book Global 1968 written by A. James McAdams and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global 1968 is a unique study of the similarities and differences in the 1968 cultural revolutions in Europe and Latin America. The late 1960s was a time of revolutionary ferment throughout the world. Yet so much was in flux during these years that it is often difficult to make sense of the period. In this volume, distinguished historians, filmmakers, musicologists, literary scholars, and novelists address this challenge by exploring a specific issue—the extent to which the period that we associate with the year 1968 constituted a cultural revolution. They approach this topic by comparing the different manifestations of this transformational era in Europe and Latin America. The contributors show in vivid detail how new social mores, innovative forms of artistic expression, and cultural, religious, and political resistance were debated and tested on both sides of the Atlantic. In some cases, the desire to confront traditional beliefs and conventions had been percolating under the surface for years. Yet they also find that the impulse to overturn the status quo was fueled by the interplay of a host of factors that converged at the end of the 1960s and accelerated the transition from one generation to the next. These factors included new thinking about education and work, dramatic changes in the self-presentation of the Roman Catholic Church, government repression in both the Soviet Bloc and Latin America, and universal disillusionment with the United States. The contributors demonstrate that the short- and long-term effects of the cultural revolution of 1968 varied from country to country, but the period’s defining legacy was a lasting shift in values, beliefs, lifestyles, and artistic sensibilities. Contributors: A. James McAdams, Volker Schlöndorff, Massimo De Giuseppe, Eric Drott, Eric Zolov, William Collins Donahue, Valeria Manzano, Timothy W. Ryback, Vania Markarian, Belinda Davis, J. Patrice McSherry, Michael Seidman, Willem Melching, Jaime M. Pensado, Patrick Barr-Melej, Carmen-Helena Téllez, Alonso Cueto, and Ignacio Walker.

Boletin Internacional de Bibliografia Sobre Educacion

Download Boletin Internacional de Bibliografia Sobre Educacion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Boletin Internacional de Bibliografia Sobre Educacion by :

Download or read book Boletin Internacional de Bibliografia Sobre Educacion written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Contributions to Alternative Concepts of Knowledge

Download Contributions to Alternative Concepts of Knowledge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 3838208943
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (382 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contributions to Alternative Concepts of Knowledge by : Hebe Kuhn, Michael Vessuri

Download or read book Contributions to Alternative Concepts of Knowledge written by Hebe Kuhn, Michael Vessuri and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, the European social sciences labelled and discredited knowledge that did not follow the definition for scientific knowledge as applied by the European social sciences as an alternative concept of knowledge, as “indigenous” knowledge. Perception has changed with time: Not only has indigenous knowledge become an entrance ticket to the European social science world, but the indigenization of European theories is seen by some as the contribution of “peripheral” social sciences to join the theories of the “centers”. This book offers contributions to the discourses about alternative concepts of knowledge, inviting the reader to decide if they are alternative, indigenous, or European types of knowledge. However, in order to make this decision, the reader must know what the nature of the European concepts of science and of scientific knowledge is; this might be a motivation to read a book that presents thoughts claiming to be alternative concepts of knowledge, alternative to the European concept of science.

Youth and Development in Cuba

Download Youth and Development in Cuba PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030908666
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Youth and Development in Cuba by : Richard N. Gioioso

Download or read book Youth and Development in Cuba written by Richard N. Gioioso and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As young people constitute the future development of Cuba, constant analysis of their diverse life experiences is necessary in new and diverse publications by a variety of researchers. This book examines how youth practices intersect with and are influenced by development – economic, human, psychological, social – and how young people negotiate and influence development trends in Cuba. The point of departure for Youth and Development in Cuba is a pluralistic understanding of youth(s) – that is, juventud(es) in Spanish – seen as an active generational subject, influenced sociohistorically, as a kind of collective identity. The collection of chapters from international scholars addresses issues relevant to young people, their experiences and participation in a variety of contexts and explores the diversity of factors that intervene in and shape the current problématiques of young people in Cuba’s eastern province of Holguín

Analysis of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Emerging Economies

Download Analysis of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Emerging Economies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030135780
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Analysis of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Emerging Economies by : Clara Inés Pardo Martínez

Download or read book Analysis of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Emerging Economies written by Clara Inés Pardo Martínez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines a number of different perspectives on the relationship between science, technology, and innovation in emerging economies. In it, the authors explore the aforementioned relationship as a pillar of economic development, driving growth in emerging economies. Employing a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach, the authors work to determine the main related factors and outcomes of the relationship between science, technology, and innovation, ultimately seeking to guide public policies to enhance the welfare of the population of an emerging economy.

Love and Despair

Download Love and Despair PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520392973
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Love and Despair by : Jaime M. Pensado

Download or read book Love and Despair written by Jaime M. Pensado and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-06-06 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Love and Despair explores the multiple and mostly unknown ways progressive and conservative Catholic actors, such as priests, lay activists, journalists, intellectuals, and filmmakers, responded to the significant social and cultural shifts that formed competing notions of modernity in Cold War Mexico. Jaime M. Pensado demonstrates how the Catholic Church as a heterogeneous institution—with key transnational networks in Latin America and Western Europe—was invested in youth activism, state repression, and the counterculture from the postwar period to the more radical Sixties. Similar to their secular counterparts, progressive Catholics often saw themselves as revolutionary actors and nearly always framed their activism as an act of love. When their movements were repressed and their ideas were co-opted, marginalized, and commercialized at the end of the Sixties, the liberating hope of love often turned into a sense of despair.